英文科技论文写作常用句式
Abstract:
1、Introduction (Motivation/ purpose/goal/aim/objective/importance) (present tense)
1）The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of steady-state scale-up for small-scale sedimentary structures.
2）An important objective of these well-constrained experiments is to evaluate current theoretical models of PGE solubility.
2、Scope/perspective (past/present tense)
1）This study examined fecal coliform reduction in domestic wastewater after receiving treatment through a constructed open water wetland, a slow sand filter, and a portable ultraviolet disinfection unit.
2）The scope of this study was to compare the behavior and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during soil-aquifer treatment at different field sites in Arizona and California.
3、method/procedure/approach (past tense)
1）In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients.
2）It involved recycling a small portion of the primary sludge and then activating it to enhance its biosorptive and flocculent properties through 30-min aeration. The aerated sludge was then brought into contact with raw sewage to induce rapid biosorption of soluble COD and flocculation of colloidal organic before the mixture was settled in
a regular primary clarifier.
4、Results/findings/products (past tense)
e.g. Three granitoid magmatic events were identified at 815 Ma, 700-730Ma, and 620-625Ma, which were marked by emplacement of the calc-alkaline Ujjukka granite and granodiorite, the anatectic Suqii-Wagga two-mica granite and the Guttin K-feldspar megacrystic granite, and the anorogenic Ganjii monzogranite, respectively.
5、Discussion/Conclusions (present/past tense)
e.g. The results showed that under traction free conditions subsidence was a three-dimensional problem and
one-dimensional subsidence models tended to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models was exacerbated as the grid size became smaller in the vicinity of the pumping well. This was due to increased calculated drawdown in the vicinity of the well for more finely-spaced grids.
6、Implications/applications (present tense)
e.g. Our experimental results are directly applicable to porphyry copper systems because in such systems
temperature, PH, salinity and oxygen fugacity are similar to the experimental parameters. Application of our experimental results indicate that a typical porphyry systems can transport at least 40 tons of Pd if sources of platinum group elements (PGE) are available and the solubility-controlling phase is metallic Pd.
7、limitations and suggestions for further studies (past/present tense for limitations, present/future tense for suggestions)
e.g. 1) This study suggests that in order to achieve the highest treatment level of secondary unchlorinated
wastewater, a combination of aquatic ponds and subsurface flow wetlands may be necessary.
2) In general, source water quality, drinking water and wastewater treatment should be viewed as one
system in indirect potable re-use projects.
3) However, because constructed wetlands, besides the water quality improvement function, perform a
multitude of other functions such as biodiversity, habitat, climatic, hydrological and public use functions, methodologies need to be developed to evaluate these functions and to weigh them in relation to the water quality issue.
Structure of an Abstract：
1、The first sentence in the Abstract:
?The purpose of this research is…
?The primary goal of this research is…
?The intention of this paper is to survey…
?The overall objective of this study is…
?The chief aim of the present work is to investigate…
?The purpos e of this paper is to explain why…
?The primary object of this fundamental research is to reveal…
?The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain…
?The experiment made here is aimed at …
?The emphasis of this study lies in…
?The problem we have outl ined here deals largely with the study of…
?This study examined…. (past tense)
2、The next sentences：
?The method used in the study was…
?The technique applied is referred to as…
?The procedure was as follows…
?The approach adopted extensively is called…
?The experiment consisted of three steps:…
?Included in the experiment were…
?The test e quipment which was used consisted of…
?Several sets of experiments were carried out to test the validity of…
?This formula is verified by…
3、The ending part of an abstract：
?The results of the experiment indicated that …
?The studies showed that…
?The studies w e carried out demonstrated that…
?The research suggested that…
?The investigation carried out by… revealed that…
?All the preliminary results threw light on …
?As a result of our experiments, we concluded that…
?From the experiments, we realized that…
?This frui tful work provided explanation to …
?The research work brought about a discovery of…
?These findings of the research led the author to the conclusion that…
4、The last sentences:
?…should be further studied in relation to ...
?…should do…
?Further research into…is necessary.
?Further study should be made in relation to…
?Further investigation into…is needed.
Introduction：
Step 1: the nature and scope of the problem investigated. interest or importance, many other investigators active in the area.
?Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to…
?In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly interested in…
?Recently, there has been wide interest in…
?The well-known…phenomena…have been favorite topics for analysis both in…
?Knowledge of …has a great importance for…
?The study of …has become an important aspect of…
?The effect of …has been studied extensively in recent years.
?Many investigators have re cently turned to…
?The relationship between …has been studied by many authors.
? A central issue in…is the validity of…
Step 2: making a topic generalization.
statements about knowledge or practice:
?The pathology of… is well known.
?There is now much evid ence to support the hypothesis that…
?The …properties of …are still not completely understood.
? A standard procedure for assessing has been…
?Education core courses are often criticized for…
phenomena:
?…is a common finding in patients with…
?An elaborate syste m of…is found in the …
?English is rich in related words exhibiting “stress shifts”.
?There are many situations where examination scripts are marked and then re-marked by another examiner.
Step3:Discuss the relevant primary research literature (with citations) and summarizing our current understanding of the problem you are investigating.
Examples of integral citation forms（直接引用方式）:
?Halliday (2008) showed that the moon is …..
?Halliday’s theory (2008) claims that …...
?Halliday’s (2008) theory of lunar composition has general support.
?According to Halliday (2008), the moon is…...
Examples of indirect citation forms（间接引用方式）:
?Pr evious research has shown that the moon is …..(Brie, 1988).
?It has been shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).
?It has been established that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).
?The moon is probably made of cheese (Brie, 1988).
?The moon may be made of cheese (cf. Rock, 1989).
Step4:Indicate a gap.
?No research has been done on …
?Little effort has been spent on the study of…
?(Very) few researchers have investigated…
?The nature of…is overlooked.
?Researchers have failed to notice that…
?The result is misleading/questionable/inconclusive/limited.
?The result of…has several limitations.
?The research can rarely cover…
Step5: State the purpose
?The purpose of this study was to....
?We investigated three possible mechanisms to explain the ... (1) …….(2) …….
?This paper reports on the results obtained…
?The aim of the present paper is to give…
?The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to…
?This study was designed to evaluate…
?This paper aims to report the interaction of…
Step6: rationale and approach
For example: State briefly how you approached the problem (e.g., you studied oxidative respiration pathways in isolated mitochondria of cauliflower). This will usually follow your statement of purpose in the last paragraph of the Introduction.
Step7: the arrangement of the writing at the end of the Introduction.
●This paper is divided into five major sections: Section one opens with…. Section two presents…Section
three deals with… Section Four reveals…Section five concludes the paper.
●We have organ ized the rest of this paper in the following way…
●This paper is structured as follows…
●The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections. Section II describes…
Materials and Methods
1.… (method) was used to do….
2.The study used/made use of/employe d the method that….
3.描述方法过程的连接词：and/and then/then/next/the next step/before that/after that.
Conclusion or Discussion：
?Based on the above discussion, the following conclusion can be made that …
?From .., it can be concluded that…
?In conclusion, the result shows that…
?These findings of the research led to the conclusion that..
?To sum up, the research/this study reveals that…
?In summary, the result of the experiment demonstrates that…
?As a result of our experiments we concluded that…
The results：
?The data of the experiment are briefly summarized as follows.
?Figure 4 shows the results of the study.
?Table 6 presents the data obtained in the experiment.
?This table summarizes the data collected in this study.
?The findings of this study are summarized/listed in Table 7.
?The outcome of the experiment is reported in the following table.
ABSTRACT
Processing AIT logging information can get more accurate layer real resistivity and mud invasion depth and section. AIT results help to differentiate layer infiltration ability and fluid type, the calculation of mud invasion depth can instruct the level of oil reservoir to be polluted by well drilling directly and offer reference basis for the following work. The development of AIT offers new method to differentiate oil reservoir mud invade and thin layer and means and condition for establishing the explainable method of complex oil reservoir and raising the appraisement precision. This paper studied AIT principle and explainable method as well as contrast aspect with conventional induction resistivity. This paper presents some application examples of Huabei oilfield logging series optimization technology.
Subject Terms：AIT logging contrast the method based of radial resistive rate
Invasion thin layer apply
1. 油集团从油田勘探开发的瓶颈问题入手，研究出一套较高勘探程度富油气凹陷的精细勘探方法，提出并实践了适合该区地质特点的勘探开发一体化地质研究与管理模式。
A set of high level prospecting methods of detailed exploration for oil wealth hollow were worked out through starting with the bottleneck problems; a model of management that …was prop osed and put into practice by CNPC.
2. 国家对可持续发展提出更严格的要求，企业有尽快落实的责任和义务.
The country put forward more strict requirements of constant development and the enterprises have the duty and responsibility of practicing as quickly as possible.
3. 本文从。。。角度研究了。。。的构成特征和机制。
In this paper, the structural features and mechanism of this fault zone are studied in the view point of deformation history, by means of study of its tectonic stress field.
英文科技论文写作常用句式
在这篇文章中，我们说明（介绍）了一种……方法 In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth In this paper , we propose the ... 在这一章节，我们介绍…… In this section , we present ... We demonstrate out algorithm on two tasks : A被认为是B A can be regarded as B 为了这个目的，我们提出了A To this end ,we propose A. 在样本的……和……上都很有效 make effective use of both ...and ...among samples. 当应用到……中的时候When applied to... 通过将……和……结合起来，…… By combining ...and ... , .... A是B中的一个基本问题之一A is one of the fundamental problems in B 目的在于…… Its goal is to do ... We aim at doing... Our target is ... Our basic notion is to do... 为了达到……的目的To achieve ... To achieve this , 因为……，做什么是困难的 As .... , it is very difficult to do .... As..., ir is usually hard to ... Due to ... e.g.:As the variance of object shape and color within an object class can be large,it is very difficult to obtain class-specific features that can describe the object class accurately. 就这点而言，…… In this regard, ... 一方面来说，……，另一方面来说，……On the one hand , ... , on the other hand , ... 1
SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全
S C I科技论文写作常用 句型大全 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一．好的论文题目是成功的一半 好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类： 1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210) 类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency exceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615) 这种题目适合哪类文章适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。 要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。
英语论文写作方法
一.关于本专业毕业论文地选题 二.英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大地方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和 翻译学.各个大方向中又可以选择小地方向，具体解释如下：.英语文学：选择英语文学地毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究. 在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中地某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法地运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究.但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典地作家或作品.有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生地兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象.在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在地深刻含义，不能流于肤浅地分析. 文学批评理论地选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识地学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论地知识结构.这个方向地选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语地阐释或某两种或以上地文学批评理论地比较. 比较文学研究就是将两个以上地作家或作品进行比较.这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别地（如“雪莱与拜伦地诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别地（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）.语言学：选择语言学地毕业论文选题可以在两个大地方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学. 普通语言学地研究就是对于英语语言地任何一个方面地研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面地研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）. 应用语言学包括教学法地研究和其它一些新兴地应用语言学分支地研究.师范专业或本身从事教师职业地学生选择教学法方向地较多.在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围地选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要地是要结合教学实践或实验.这个方向地好地选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习地影响” 等. .翻译学：翻译学地选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动. 对翻译理论地研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等.相比之下，对翻译活动地研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象地翻译、或一种修辞格地翻译地研究（如“汉语成语地英译”）.应该注意地是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子地罗列. 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分. （一）前置．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成. ．目录：由论文地中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页. ．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文地内容不加注释和评论地简短陈述，宜以最简洁地语言介绍论文地概要、作者地突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整地短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在字左右关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息地单词或术语.为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文地中心词，以显著地字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要地左下方.各关键词之间用“分号”隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应. （二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（）、正文()、结论()、参考文献().主体部分必须由另页右页开始. ．引言：主要说明研究工作地目地、涉及范围、相关领域地前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面地概述、理论意义和实用价值等. ．正文：论文地正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分，论点明确.行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项地序号编码
高考英语get it 65个写作常用句型
2019年高考英语get it 65个写作常用句型 一、议论文常用句型 1. It is a fact that….…..是一个事实 2. It is well-known that….众所周知…… 3.There is no doubt that….毫无疑问…… 4. I think that….我认为...... 5. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer….与流行的想法相反，我更喜欢...... 6. Some people say/believe/claim that….有人说/相信/声称...... 7. It is generally believed that….人们普遍认为...... 8. It is widely accepted that….这是被广泛接受的 9. It is argued/held that….有人认为/认为...... 10. While it is commonly believed that…, I believe….虽然人们普遍认为……，我相信...... 11. It can be concluded that….可以得出结论 12. People’s views vary from person to person.......人们的观点因人而异 二、图表型常用句型 1.The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph/column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how….表显示/ 反映/如何
科技英语论文实用写作学习心得 (5000字)
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写好英语科技论文的诀窍： 主动迎合读者期望，预先回答专家可能质疑 周耀旗 印地安那大学信息学院 印地安那大学医学院计算生物学和生物信息中心 以此文献给母校中国科技大学五十周年校庆 前言 我的第一篇英语科技论文写作是把在科大的学士毕业论文翻译成英文。当我一九九零年从纽约州立大学博士毕业时，发表了20多篇英语论文。但是，我对怎样写高质量科技论文的理解仍旧处于初级阶段，仅知道尽量减少语法错误。之所以如此，是因为大多数时间我都欣然接受我的博士指导老师Dr. George Stell和Dr. Harold Friedman的修改，而不知道为什么要那样改，也没有主动去问。这种情况一直持续到我去北卡州立大学做博士后。我的博士后指导老师Dr. Carol Hall建议我到邻近的杜克大学去参加一个为期两天的写作短训班。这堂由Gopen教授主办的短训班真使我茅塞顿开。第一次，我知道了读者在阅读中有他们的期望，要想写好科技论文，最有效的方法是要迎合他们的期望。这堂写作课帮我成功地完成了我的第一个博士后基金申请，有机会进入哈佛大学Dr. Martin Karplus组。在哈佛大学的五年期间，在Karplus教授的指导下，我认识到一篇好的论文需要从深度广度进行里里外外自我审查。目前，我自己当了教授，有了自己的科研组，也常常审稿。我觉得有必要让我的博士生和博士后学好写作。我不认为我自己是写作专家。我的论文也常常因为这样或那样的原因被退稿。但是我认为和大家共享我对写作的理解和我写作的经验教训，也许大家会少走一些我走过的弯路。由于多年未用中文写作，请大家多多指正。来信请寄：yqzhou@https://www.360docs.net/doc/b12277473.html,。 欢迎访问我的网站：https://www.360docs.net/doc/b12277473.html,。 导言 通常来讲，研究生和博士后从他的导师那儿得到研究方向。经过多次反复试验，得到一些好的结果。接下来他们需要对得到的数据进行总结和分析，写成论文。一篇精写的论文更容易被高档杂志接受。而写得不好的论文很可能被退稿。论文的数量和质量是学生和导师事业发展的敲门砖。不成文，便成仁，是学术生涯的写照。 很多学生以为当结果到手的时候研究就结束了。他们写的草稿，常常把原始数据放在一起，没有对方法和数据进行详细分析，没有对当今论文的评述。事实上，写作是研究不可分割的一部分。此刻是弄懂方法的成功与失败，寻找结果的解释及其隐含的意义，以及与其他相关研究进行比较的时候。 我们为什么需要在写作上如此认真努力？原因很简单。一个研究结果只有在被别人使用时才有意义。而想被别人使用，文章必须能引起其他科学家的兴趣，而且得保证其他人能看懂并可以重复和再现你的结果。只有可以被理解的研究才会被重复，也只有可以被再现的工作才能导致别人的引用和跟踪。而你的论文被引用的数量常常用来衡量研究的影响力。从某种角度看，写作就象是把你的工作成果推销给其他的科学家。 为了更好的推销，科学论文必须满足它独特的顾客：由聪明能干的科学家组成的尖端读者。它必须能先说服（通常也是竞争对手的）同行们，因为他们的评审是文章在发表前的第一道关口。同时，它也必须满足一般读者的要求。为了达到这个目标，我们首先要理解他们需要什么？ 读者需要什么 你的文章的潜在读者可能有刚进入这领域的新手，大学生和研究生，也有专家（潜在审稿人)，他们对你的领
英文论文写作例句
杨跃，实用科技英语翻译研究，西安：西安交通大学出版社，2008 所谓“通顺”，就是在确切理解和掌握原文的基础上，汉语译文必须规范化，用词造句应符合汉语表达习惯，力求通顺易懂。要摆脱原文形式的束缚，不要逐词死译，生搬硬套，选用符合汉语习惯的表达方式，把愿意清楚明白的再现出来。科技译文的通顺还要符合专业表达的习惯，采用规范的专业语言，只在形式上忠实于原文，还不算是好的译文。 在EST翻译中，陆殿杨提出一条原则:“Translate literally, if possible, or appear to f ree translation.”(能直译就尽量直译，不能直译就采取意译。) 译好科技英语需要具备的三个条件： 对英语要比较精通（Good command of English）; 汉语水平要比较高（Good command of Chinese）; 对有关的科技内容要比较熟悉，即知识水平（Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology） 一般来说，从事科技翻译工作，最好是通晓外语的本行专家，由熟悉本行业的行家翻译出来的东西，远比精通外语的门外汉要强得多。 严复翻译的三字标准“信、达、雅”。求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉。易曰修辞立诚，子曰词达而已，又曰言之无文，行之不远。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模，故信达而外，求其尔雅。此不仅期以行远已耳，实则经理微言。用汉以前字法句法，以为达易；用近世利俗文字，以求达雅，往往意义就词，毫厘千里。审择于斯二者之间，夫固有所不得已也。（《天演论》译例言，1898） 林语堂：忠实、通顺、美 傅雷：神似 钱钟书：化境 对于“美（雅）”，尚有争议。但“忠实”和“通顺”已成公认标准。
科技论文写作常用句型
科技论文写作常用句型 1.摘要 （1）文章内容与作者观点 ?常用词：deal with ,describe ,explain ,illustrate ,introduce ,present ,report等。 ?例句：The basic concepts and data collected are presented. 给出了基本概念和所采集的数据。 （2）文章研究课题： ?常用词: analyze ,consider ,develop ,discuss ,investigate ,state ,study等。 ?例句:The relationship between mass and energy in nature is discussed briefly. 简要地讨论自然界中质量与能量的关系。 （3）文章涉及范围 ?常用词：consist of ,contain ,cover ,include 等。 ?例句：This article consists of four parts : introduction， theory ,experimental method ,and conclusion. 本文由引言、理论、实践方法与结论四部分组成。 （4）综述某一个领域的研究课题。 ?常用词：abstract ,outline ,review ,summarize 等。 ?例句: The theory based on materials science is summarized briefly. 简单概述了基于材料科学的理论。 （5）文章重点： ?常用句型： Attention is concentrated on … T here is a focus on … A ttention is paid to … T he emphasis is on … ?例句：Attention is concentrated on grasping the quantum theory. 重点在掌握量子理论上。 （6）文章的目的： ?常用词：aim ,objective ,purpose ,seek 等。
英文学术论文写作技巧(写作常用句型)
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型） 用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。 对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。 一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成： Title(标题) Abstract(摘要) Keywords(关键词) Table of contents(目录) Nomenclature(术语表) Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(结果) Discussion(讨论) Conclusion(结论) Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录) 其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，
Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。 学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。 标题的写法 论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。 6.1 标题的长度 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等 1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2 2) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0 3) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3 14) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2 5) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2 6) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4 英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2 列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。 表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一) 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型 英文摘要虽然不像公文文体那样程序化,但由于它在语法结构上有较强的倾向性,因此英文摘要许多句型模式出现的频率很高,熟练掌握这些常用句型模式,有助于提高英文摘要写作质量和速度,进而能保证其可读性。下面举一些有代表性和常用的句式供参考。 1)常用于摘要开头部分的有4类。 A. (In this paper,…) The results of A simple method for...cases of The...approach for An attempt to (do)... presented described (through…) is(are) reported (under...) discussed (along with...) analyzed 例如:The results of analyses carried out on the process waters generated during the hydrolysis of oil shale from Rundle, Australia via the Fischer assay retorting process are presented. 对用费希尔试料蒸馏法热解澳大利亚鲁德尔页岩所产生的工业废水提出了分析结果。 B. The chief aim purpose object objective the present study of this investigation the research these studies to obtain… to evaluate… is (was/has been/will be) to find out… to establish… to asses… 例如:The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of tread ill exercise testing prior to the discharge of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. 研究旨在对因急性心肌梗塞住院的患者在出院前进行踏旋器运动试验的安全性与效用做出评价。