初中英语语法名词性从句
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一．主语从句
1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether, if 和连接代词what, who,
2.which, whatever,whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why 等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句要求使用陈述句语序。
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
That he is going aboard made him excited.
Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced.
注：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语
从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
It is interesting that you like him.
It is a pity that you can not go to the party tonight.
3. 连接词的选用
（1）that和what的选用
that 和what 都可引导主语从句。what 除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。
What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本书。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。
（2）if 和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if ，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词
既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.
（4）whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever =no matter what= anything that; whoever = no matter who=anyone who.
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）
＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished（. 让步状语从句）
＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.
二．宾语从句
名词用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，
在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式语体中通常可以省略，
但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that 不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist、request、desire、command 等表示要求，命令，建议，决定等
意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
4.用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句时，注意语序是陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
5.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主语动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。
6. I know (that) he will study English next year.(从句用一般现在时）
当主句动词是过去时态（could、would 除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，当从句表示的是客观真
理，科学原理自然现象，则从句仍然用现在时。
The teacher told me that Tom had left us for America.
The teacher told me that the earth goes around the sun.
7.think, believe, imagine, suppose, expec等t动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，注意否定转移。
We don’t t h ink you are here.
I don ’t believe he will do so.
三．表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that 从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
That ’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
注：当主语是reason时表语从句要用that 引导而不是because.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train.
四．同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导。
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship.
I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether 连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that 连接。
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
That 作为关系代词可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省。试比较下面两句话。
I have no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不可省）
I have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in accident Greece.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，
可以省）
选择：
2. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
3. _______ what they told me really true?
A. Has
B. Is
C. Does
D. Have
8. ____ she couldn't understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest
in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
9._______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
10. -Do you remember _______ he came?
-Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how
B. when
C. that
D. If
11. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we do
B. we should do what
C. what we should do
D. should we do what
12. You can ’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited
B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
13. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. Whether
14.Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
A. they had had
B. have they had
C. they have had
D. had they had
15. It ’s up to you to decide _______ you ’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how
B. why
C. that
D. When
16.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
17.____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
18.The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
19..I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason
B. That’s why
C. There’s why
D. It’s how
20.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. What
21.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. Why
22.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which
B. that
C./
D. it
23.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D./
24.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. which
25.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when
B. which
C. what
D. That
答案：1-5DBABA 6-10CBDAC 11-15AADCD 16-20ABABD
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的难题汇编及答案解析
一、选择题 1．I drank a large cup of coffee yesterday evening, and it kept me ______ all night. A．intelligent B．patient C．absent D．awake 2．China is ________ country in the world. A．the third largest B．the largest third C．the third large D．a third largest 3．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 4．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 5．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful 6．Choice is life’s ________ gift. It is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal. A．greater B．greatest C．the greatest 7．All of us are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A．excited; exciting B．exciting; excited C．excited; excite D．exciting; excite 8．—Let’s go to Wanda Movie Theater? It has a large screen. —But it is _____________ of all the cinemas in Jinan. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 9．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 10．Mr. Black’s memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys at home. A．older B．poorer C．greater D．better 11．The sky in Zhengzhou these days is even , so we don’t have to wear the masks. A．more clearly B．more clearlier C．fresher D．more fresher 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．—More and more cities in China begin to build subways! —That’s right! It will make our lives than before. A．the busiest B．busier C．the easiest D．easier 14．— How was your job interview yesterday? —Oh, I couldn’t feel ______.I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A．worse B．easier C．better D．happier 15．you speak,_ your English will be. A．The less; the more B．The more; the better
初中英语语法——If引导的条件状语从句(讲解及练习)
条件句从句主句 真实一般现在时一般将来时 情态动词+动原祈使句 非真实 一般过去时 be动词用（were） would/could+动原初中英语――条件状语从句（讲解&练习） Ⅰ条件状语从句的定义 Ⅱ条件状语从句的引导词 1.if引导的条件状语从句：表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 If we pay much attention to the earth, we'll have a better world. 如果我们多关爱地球，就会拥有一个更美好的世界 If it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 如果明天下雨，我们怎么办？ 注意：if还可以引导虚拟条件句，表示不可实现的条件，从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。 What would happen if there were no water ? 如果没有水会怎样？ 2.unless引导的条件状语从句，unless的意思是如果不，除非。可与if...not互换。 You will fail in English unless you work hard. 你英语考试会不及格的，除非你更加努力。 3.as /so long as引导的条件状语从句：as /so long as意思是“只要” So long as you're happy,i will be happy. 只要你高兴，我就高兴。 Ⅲ条件状语从句的种类 Ⅳ条件状语从句的时态原则 用法例句 ①主句为一般将来时态，if从句用一般 现在时态（即主将从现）。We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我将要呆在家。 ②主句中含有情态动词，if从句用一 般现在时态。If you finish your homework, you can go home now.如果你做完了作业，你现在可以回家了。 ③主句为祈使句，if从句用一般现在 时态。Don’t jump into the river if you feel very hot. 如果你感到很热，不要跳入河里。 ④主句为过去将来时，if从句用一般 过去时态（如果涉及到be动词， 一律都用were）。此时，表达的是和现实相反的推测，用虚拟语 气。If I were you, I wouldn’t do it like that.如果我是你，我就不会那么做的。 If you gave me some money, I would be very happy. 如果你给我一些钱，我就会很高兴的。 二、if 引导的条件状语从句 （1）“if 从句+祈使句”的句子。其实，if 作为一个连词，主句也可以是其他形式的句子。 例如：If you want to go, please let me know. (2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的真题汇编含答案
一、选择题 1．Tom gets to school early every day, so he is ___________ late for class. A．never B．sometimes C．usually 2．Harry________ eats vegetables, although it’s good for his health. A．hardly ever B．usually C．always 3．My mother ________ at five o’clock. A．usually gets B．usually gets up C．gets up usually D．get usually up 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．Who jumped ________, Tom or Jack? A．the farthest B．furthest C．farther D．the farther 6．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 7．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 8．Being _______, the novel based upon real-life events sells ________. A．very worth being read; good B．well worth reading; good C．well worth reading; well D．very worth reading; well 9．Helen was so excited at the news that she could ________ say a word. A．ever B．almost C．hardly 10．—Every student likes Ms. Wang very much. —Yes. She________makes her lessons interesting. A．never B．always C．Sometime 11．The meeting room isn’t _______ for all the students to sit _______. A．enough big, / B．big enough, / C．large enough, in D．enough large, by 12．—Our volleyball team achieved great success in the match again. —Wow ! Few could play ______, I think. A．better B．well C．worse D．badly 13．The old man lives ___________ ， but he doesn't feel ________ . A．lonely； alone B．alone； lonely C．alone； alone D．lonely； lonely 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments. —Yes, she is. She can play the guitar almost her guitar teacher. A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．so well as 15．My uncle doesn’t like fast food, so he _____eats it.. A．always B．often C．sometimes D．seldom
初中英语语法状语从句大全
初中英语语法状语从句大全 1.时间状语从句 引导连词有when，while，till，not…until，since， after ,before ,as soon as The bus won’t start until everybody gets on. 公共汽车直到每人都上车为止，才开动。 When he knocked at the door I was cooking. 当他敲门时，我正在煮饭。 Last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours. 昨天晚上在他回到家之前，他的妻子已经做好晚饭足足等了他两小时之久。 After I went to church, I went shopping. 2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 哪里有志向，哪里就有出路。有志者事竟成。 Where there is a life, there is a hope. 哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. 不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都会在此守侯你。
3.原因状语从句 引导连词有because，as, since。 He didn′t see the film because he had seen it. 他没有看那部电影，因为他已经看过了。 They couldn’t get on the train，for it was too crowed. 比较：because, since, as和for 1) because语势，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则能 够用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.
英语语法从句讲解
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