2014年6月《2013年中国银行业理财业务发展报告》

2014年6月《2013年中国银行业理财业务发展报告》
2014年6月《2013年中国银行业理财业务发展报告》

《2013年中国银行业理财业务发展报告》

一、银行业理财已成为投资者的重要选项、实体经济的重要融资渠道、商业银行转型升级以及利率市场化的重要推手。截止2013年底,银行理财产品累计募集金额68万亿元,较上年大幅增长37.9%;年末余额达10.21万亿元,较年初增加了3.1万亿元,增长43.6%。银行理财业务已成为投资者的重要金融选项,持续增加了居民的财产性收入,改善了社会财富结构。2011至2013年,银行理财业务为客户创造收入分别为1750亿元、3000亿元和4500亿元,近两年同比分别增长71%和50%。2013年平均收益率高达4.4%,同比增长0.3个百分点,有效实现了居民财富的保值增值。从银行理财资金投向上看,70%以上理财资金投入了实体经济,已然成为实体经济的重要融资渠道,且产品与项目实现了逐一对应。与此同时,银行理财业务的快速发展也推动了商业银行的转型升级,理财业务已成为银行业务发展和经营战略的重点。2013年银行业非利息收入占比由2012年的19.5%上升到了22.5%,其中,理财业务贡献功不可没。银行理财产品又因其市场化的定价方式,成为银行建立利率定价机制的试验田,银行理财产品市场化定价有效推进了利率市场化改革。

二、银行理财产品市场经过近十年的发展,呈现发行数量持续攀升、资产管理规模屡创新高、产品创新层出不穷和业务监管框架不断完善的发展态势。

一是发行数量稳步上升,募集规模再创新高。自十年前银行理财业务起步以来,广大客户对银行理财的需求与日俱增。银行理财业务顺应市场需求,加大规模化发展,不断满足客户投资需求。截止2013年末银行业累计相加共发行理财产品4.5万余款,比5 年前已翻了5倍。

二是产品收益率整体上行,市场化特征更加明显。利率期限结构总体依然呈上升趋势,理财产品委托期限越长,年化收益率越高。

三是调整理财资金投向,有效防范和控制风险。银行理财资金中非标准化债权资产占比比“8号文”出台前下降了7%。

四是人民币持续升值,人民币产品表现优于外币。全年各商业银行共发行外币理财产品的市场占比仅为3.5%,较2012年的7.6%出现显著下滑,原因主要为人民币持续升值,发行外币理财产品要承受较高的汇率风险。

五是发行结构类产品,资产结构类型日渐丰富。全年发行结构类产品共计1692款,保持了平稳发展。且银行理财产品均实现了到期兑付。同时,理财资金投资方向持续满足监管要求,原有资产池运作模式得到彻底改变。

三、银行理财产品创新纷呈,差异性、特色化、多样性银行理财产品初露端倪。一是优化产品模式,开展“理财直接融资工具”和“理财管理计划”试点,破除“刚性兑付”预期。二是优化产品结构,新推出区间累积型产品、期间向下触碰型产品(如黄金理财实现了0.4%-6.5%的年化收益)以及期末双向连续型产品。三是降低产品风险,创新产品安全模式,为理财产品设置警戒线、止损线,实施“提前终止权”,产品设计和风险管理能力不断进步。四是通胀挂钩理财产品,满足资产保值增值需求。商业银行首次推出了面向企业客户发行的通胀挂钩理财产品,即“双向设计”,分别为2%+N和7%-N,N为CPI同比增长率。五是拓展养老理财,创新推出存续期长达15年的养老理财产品,并设置了“一年期定

存利率+2%”的基准收益,养老理财计划实至名归。

四、银监会下发“8号文”界定非标资产,并限制银行理财资金投资非标资产规模;研究试点推行债权直接融资工具和银行资产管理计划,推动银行理财业务回归代客理财。

一是“8号文”细化监管措施,使“非标”资产得到规范。银监会下发“8号文”对非标资产进行限额管理,要求理财资金投资非标准化债权资产的余额在任何时点均以理财产品余额的35%与商业银行上一年度审计报告披露总资产的4%之间孰低者为上限,商业银行贯彻这一规定,进一步提升了理财产品的投资透明度。

二是理财产品登记系统上线,理财市场更加透明。2013年正式启用理财信息登记系统,对理财产品实行全国统一的电子化报告和信息登记制度,各行提前10个工作日报送数据,提高了理财产品运作透明度。

三是批准开设证券账户,使银行理财债市交易得到规范。落实《关于商业银行理财产品开立证券账户有关事项的通知》精神,规范了银行理财债市交易,摆脱了“通道”制约,降低了交易成本。

四是商业银行试点资产管理计划,促使理财业务转型发展。试点推出“理财直接融资工具”和“银行理财管理计划”,引领商业银行理财业务向资产管理转变,回归“代客理财”本质。

五、必须厘清银行理财产品的几个认识误区。

一是银行理财产品与银行代销产品应区别对待。社会上往往将银行代销的基金、保险、信托等理财产品,甚至是私售行为出现的问题和风险事件归咎于银行理财产品。投资者和媒体应当厘清银行理财产品、银行代销产品的区别,增强风险防范意识。

二是银行理财产品不是影子银行。近年来,国内银行理财业务是否属于影子银行,引起较多争论。2013年底,国务院办公厅发布了《关于加强影子银行监管有关问题的通知》(简称“107号文”),其核心是看是否持有金融牌照和是否监管不足。银行理财业务一直在监管体制内和严格有效的监管下运作,不是影子银行。

三是银行理财应回归资产管理业务本源。增加长期投资资金特别是股权性资金的供应已经成为当前金融改革的重要方向。从国内近年银行理财产品市场来看,理财产品的平均委托期限呈明显的短期化趋势,2013年银行理财产品的平均期限仅为118天,产品主要以六个月以内的短期产品为主,期限不超过六个月的理财产品占比86%,一年以上的理财产品占比不足2%。且银行理财应真正实现“卖者有责”,投资者“买者自负”原则。

六、在“栅栏”原则基础上,探索银行理财业务服务实体经济的新产品和新模式,成为下一阶段银行理财业务创新发展的重要方向,同时须关注银行理财存在的问题,期待更科学有效的监管。

就发展趋势而言,

一是标准化资产将成为理财产品主要投资标的。目前,银行理财投资非标准化债权资产比例约31%,随着资产证券化的不断推进,标准化资产将成为银行理财业务的主要投资标的。

二是探索理财直接投资,减少“通道”业务,有效控制风险,促使理财更好

地服务实体经济。

三是突破刚性兑付,银行理财向资产管理计划转型。

四是逐步建立理财产品的风险隔离机制。

五是强化非现场监管,加强理财产品信息披露。同时也要关注银行理财存在的问题,如:个别银行理财产品销售仍需规范,理财产品投向、比例、收益变化和风险披露不充分,资产管理跨界交叉性风险有所上升,以及专业化投资管理人才缺乏等。

解决上述问题,在强化自律的同时,从事理财业务的银行业金融机构也期待更科学有效的监管:

一是加强理财业务各项基础性工作;

二是提升商业银行产品创立、投研管理能力;

三是把握好金融创新和风险控制的平衡;

四是培育长期投资理念,壮大机构投资者

五是加强投资者教育和权益保护。

七、在数量规模飙升的背后,私人银行业务发展质量也在逐步提升,在推动商业银行转型发展、增加中间业务收入、提高客户综合化和个性化综合服务能力,进而培育壮大成熟中等收入群体等方面均发挥着日益重要的作用。随着全面建设小康社会的推进,高净值人群逐渐增多,其对财富管理的需求不断增长。为了满足广大投资人的需要,2013年银行持续推出1+1+N的服务模式,私人银行财富管理业务得到迅猛发展。截止2013年12月末,共有32家中外资银行在我国近40个城市开设了私人银行业务、财富管理专营机构。私人银行客户总数共有28万户,管理资产总额达到36645.63亿元人民币。

私人银行业务的发展,

一是服务了私人银行客户自身。

二是服务了私人银行客户背后的家族及其所拥有的家族企业,解决了财富保值增值、财富传承以及上市投融资等问题。

三是弥补社会财富管理的缺口。以银行、证券、基金、保险和信托为主导的财富管理市场中,2013年资产管理余额超过33万亿人民币,而据商业银行测算居民可投资资产的规模约为80万亿人民币,如此庞大的财富管理缺口,将是私人银行财富管理的无限动力和源泉。私人银行的发展对培育壮大成熟中等收入群体、构建橄榄型社会结构发挥着日益重要的作用。

八、随着利率市场化进程的推进及资产管理业务的被迫转型,“预期收益型”产品最终淡出市场,结构化产品的重要性和相对地位会相应提升。国内银行理财产品市场“预期收益型”理财产品相当于契约型存款,是利率市场化的先行尝试,随着利率市场化推进将逐渐淡出市场。2013年财产品市场结构得到不断优化。国内银行理财产品市场中结构化产品共发行1692款,同比增长31%。中资银行发行787款,占比46.5%。而上市中资银行发行的543款结构化理财产品中商品类理财产品从2012年的2%上升为2013年的17%,利率类理财产品从56%下降到32%。同样,理财产品中看跌型理财产品从2012年的43%下降到2013年的33%,同期看涨型理财产品从21%上升到31%,区间型理财产品从35%上升为36%。说明理财产品市场发展更趋均衡合理。

2015年6月大学英语六级真题及答案(第三套)

2015年6月英语六级真题及答案(第三套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ’’You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least l50 words but no more than 200 words. 注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or, more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet, with a single line through the centre. 注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1.A. The man might be able to play in the World Cup. B. The man’s football career seems to be at an end. C. The man was operated on a few weeks. D. The man is a fan of world famous football players. 2.A. Work out a plan to tighten his budget. B. Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria. C. Apply for a senior position in the restaurant. D. Solve his problem by doing a part time job. 3.A.A financial burden. B. A good companion. C. A real nuisance. D.A well trained pet. 4.A. The errors will be corrected soon. B. The woman was mistaken herself. C. The computing system is too complex. D. He has called the woman several times. 5.A. He needs help to retrieve his files. B. He has to type his paper once more. C. He needs some time to polish his paper. D. He will be away for a two-week conference. 6.A. They might have to change their plan. B. He has got everything set for their trip. C. He has a heavier workload than the woman. D. They could stay in the mountains until June 8. 7.A. They have to wait a month to apply for a student loan. B. They can find the application forms in the brochure. C. They are not eligible for a student loan. D. They are not late for a loan application.

2014年6月至2015年6月英语六级完形填空真题及答案【9套卷全】

For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have t o hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments,bonds have adegree of risk. The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors S ervice rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond,the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough. A)advantages I)fluctuate B)assess J)indefinite C)bother K)insured D)conserved L)major E)deduction M)naturally F)discount N)potential G)embarrass 0)simultaneously H)features 36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features 41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential 2014.6【2】 Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-tear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene (卫生). One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers(牙疾诊断片)that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects___42___to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. A) accustomed B) carefully C) cautiously D) concrete E) credibility F) decayed G) desire H) dimensions I) eligible J) exposed K) indication L) occasions M) permanent N) sensitivity O) translated 36.F 37.G 38.O 39.L 40.K 41.D 42.J 43.B 44.I 45.E

2018十大新闻

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