中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料(阅读理解)

中国石化英语分级测试

第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 (2)

第二篇City Design 城市设计 (3)

第三篇Population 人口 (4)

第四篇Earthquake 地震 (5)

第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill----英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 (6)

第六篇Green Computers“绿色’’电脑 (7)

第七篇Cell Phones手机 (8)

第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术 (9)

第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活 (10)

第十篇Carbon Emissions碳排放 (11)

第十一篇Marine Pollution海洋污染 (12)

第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 (13)

第十三篇Market Economy市场经济 (14)

第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 (15)

第十五篇The Internet互联网 (16)

十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想 (17)

十七篇3G Technology技术 (18)

十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存 (19)

十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖 (20)

二十篇Alternate Energies替代能源 (21)

二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料 (22)

二十二篇Coal Chemicallndustry煤化学工业 (23)

二十三篇Resource Curse资源诅咒 (24)

二十四篇Company Management公司管理 (25)

二十五篇Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才库 (26)

二十六篇Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀 (27)

二十七篇Chinese Oil Market中国石油市场 (28)

二十八篇0il Trade石油贸易 (29)

二十九篇How I Lost My Head in the V olcanic Ash Cloud令人发疯的火山灰 (30)

三十篇Project Management项目管理 (31)

第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福

In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。

Step l: Peace and quiet 第一步：平和宁静

Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. 乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. 巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。 If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV,radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。

Step 2: Relationships 第二步：人际关系

This is the most important of all the extemal conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. 这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。 A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery . 与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。 When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to moveon.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。 Step 3: Share 第三步：分享

If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。

阅读理解

1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?

答案：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make)．

2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?

答案：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses aIld we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intruslve noise.

3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?

答案：If we need our TV, radio or muslc up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.

4. Where does the unhappiness come from?

答案：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.

5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?

答案：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to move on.

第二篇City Design 城市设计

When I'm being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldn't help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. The world's cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels．当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正在不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。

In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new urbanism. In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods. The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.针对上述情况，我们可以看到一种新城市主义的理念正在兴起。在短短的几年内，许多城市的人行道上不再允许停车，新建和改造了更多的停车场，建立了一套以公共汽车为基础的极为成功的快速运行系统，兴建了数百公里的自行车道和步行街，高峰时段的交通拥挤得以减缓，种植了更多的树木，并吸收当地市民直接参与社区的改善工作。城市设计以人为本的理念使这些城市的生活质量有了很大的提高。

Now govemment planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. Cars promise mobility. But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city. After a point, as their numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobility but immobility. 现在，各地政府的规划者们都在尝试寻找为了人而不是为汽车设计城市的方法。汽车应带给人们活动的便捷。但是在一个不断城市化的世界里，存在着一个根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽车与城市之间的矛盾。超过一个临界点之后，随着汽车数量的累加，汽车提供的不再是便捷，而是停滞。

Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increase urban mobility by moving away from the car. Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars. A city full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted - all mechanism and no human. In order to avoid this disaster, we'd better start designing sustainable cities. 基于这个观点，无论在发达的工业国家还是发展中国家，一些城市将会通过远离汽车来极大增加市区的通畅。让我再次提醒你，城市是为了人，不是为了汽车而建设的。挤满汽车的城市就像恐怖的科幻小说里描绘的——全是机械，没有人性。为了避免这场灾难，我们最好开始设计可持续发展的城市。

阅读理解：

1. What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center?

答案：(He takes)a bus.

2. According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars?答案：Cars not only do harm to people's health but also cause heavy traffic jam.

3. What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people”in paragraph 2 mean? 答案：Design cities for people not (for) cars.

4.Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas?答案：Because people depend largely on cars.

5.How would a city look like if cars were everywhere?

答案：There would be all cars (mechanism) no human.

第三篇Population 人口

A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount ofland and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population ifit continues to grow at its present rate. 在我们这个星球上居住的人越来越多，是一个很重要的全球问题。如果继续按照现有的增长率发展下去，那么有限的土地及土地资源很快不能养活这么巨大的人口。

So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as "Death Control".那么为什么会出现人口的大量增长呢？这的确是因为知识的广泛传播和众所周知的“死亡控制”的结果。 You have no doubt heard of the term "Birth Control". "Death Control" is something rather different. 毫无疑问，你肯定听到过“生育控制”这个术语。“死亡控制”是大不相同的。It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. 它承认了医生和科学家的工作，现在他们能够留住那些患有各种各样绝症的病人的生命。而这些绝症在不久之前还是不可治愈的。Through a wide variety of technological innovations that"include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.通过大范围的技术创新，其中包括耕作方法和对绝症的控制，我们已经找到降低死亡率的方法。然而，正是这项成功给人类带来最大的威胁。

If we examine the amount ofland available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths ofthe world's land cannot produce food. 如果计算一下维持不断增长的人口所需的土地量，我们就能意识到这个问题。如果这个星球上的每个人都平均分一块土地，我们每个人会拥有五万平方米。这个数字看似相当振奋人心，而当我们计算一下每个人的实际可用耕地之后，就知道情况不太乐观了。因为世界上超过3/5的土地都不能生产粮食。

Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its "capital" - its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades(3). We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. 显然，能够养活我们的耕地如此之少，我们就应该想方设法不要让耕地继续减少下去。但是，我们并没有这样做！反而我们正在消耗它的“本钱”——其不可再生的化石燃料与其它矿藏，它们是在几百万年的时间里才形成的，然而现在，几十年内就会被消耗殆尽。我们对待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然资源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百万与我们共同居住在地球上的物种。

阅读理解：

1. What can be learnt about the population growth at present?

答案：It continues to increase／grow at its present rate.

2. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?

答案：Death Control

3. What is the doctors'job according to paragraph ？

答案：They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive.?

4.Why isn't there enough land to support human beings

答案：Because the world's land has already been taken up／occupied by the ever-increasing population.

5.In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are considered as____.

答案：nonrenewable

第四篇Earthquake 地震

Earthquakes may be ranked as one of the most devastating force known to men; since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in millions and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss oflife has been due to collapse of buildings and effects of rock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves. 地震是人类所知的最具有破坏力的自然灾害之一。自从有记载以来，估计由地震造成的死亡达数百万以上，地震造成的破坏更是不计其数。地震造成的破坏如此之大，死亡如此之多，主要是由于地震引发的建筑物倒塌、岩石崩落、洪水、火灾、疾病等现象造成的，而不是由于地震本身。

The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey and the Alpine regions. They may happen anywhere at any time. 大多数地震发生在两个独特的地理位置。一个是环太平洋地区及相邻的大陆架，另一个是从印度东部延伸到阿特拉斯山脉，其中包括喜马拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿尔卑斯地区。那里随时随地都可能发生地震。

This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, pattems of movements in the earth's crust, variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field and the frequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strikecl). As a result, worldwide earthquake waming network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected. 几个世纪以来，这种对于地震的未知性更大大地增加了地震的可怕和恐惧性。但近几年来已有迹象表明地震预测是可能的。通过分析动物行为的变化，地壳运动的方式，地球磁场和地心引力的变化以及监测到的轻微地震的频率，科学家在预测地震发生的时间和地点上已取得了不断的成功。因此，世界性地震预警网络已经运转，而且已经帮助人们对大范围的破坏做好准备，而这些破坏也可能是完全不能预料的。

It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs. 人类是否能完

全控制地震并消除它的破坏力还未可知。但是，随着我们对地震发生的方式和原因有了更多的了解，在地震发生之前，我们就能更好地应对可能造成的破坏。

阅读理解：

1. What are the causes ofthe great part ofthe damage and loss oflife?

答案：Collapse ofbuildings and the effects ofrock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena from earthquakes.

2. Where are the two most active earthquake belts in the world?

答案：The area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses, East Indians to the Atlas Mountains.

3. What fact does "element ofthe unknown" in paragraph 3 refer to?

答案：It refers to the fact the earthquakes can happen anywhere at any time.

4. What four ways are used to anticipate earthquake activity?

答案：a) analyzing changes in animal behavior b) pattems ofmovements in the earth's crust

c) variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field

d) observation of the frequency ofminor earth tremors。

5.What is the author's attitude toward the possibility of earthquake predictions?

答案：Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.

第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill----英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏

In the aftermath of the BP oil spill, President Obama voiced the concems of countless scientists. environmentalists(l). and Gulf Coast residents when he declared."We're dealing with a massive and potentially unprecedented environmental disaster." The sheer size of the oil spill - 210,000 gallons

a day contaminating the Gulf of Mexico - has many people worried about the short and long-term environmental harm it is causing (2) 英国石油公司原油泄漏事件之后，奥巴马总统的一次公开讲话表达出

了无数科学家、环保主义者以及墨西哥湾居民的心声。他在讲话中提到，“我们正在应对的是一场巨大的、史无

前例的环境灾难”。每天足足有21万加仑的原油泄漏并污染着墨西哥湾，这使得很多人为这次事件对环境所造

成的短期和长期的危害感到担忧。

The oil spill could severely damage fragile ecosystems for years, possibly decades. Beaches fouled by oil spills are very difficult to clean up. To make matters worse, the spill threatens beaches just as shorebirds are nesting and sea turtles are coming ashore to lay their eggs. 这次原油泄漏事件对

脆弱的生态系统带来的严重破坏会持续很多年，甚至数十年。被石油污染的海滩很难被清理干净。更糟糕的是，

泄漏的石油对海滩造成污染的时间正是海鸟筑巢和海龟游到岸上孵蛋的季节。

Even worse is the effect the oil spill could have on sensitive salt marshes and mangrove coastlines, which would be practically impossible to clean and that some fear might be permanently destroyed (3) These wetlands are considered the nurseries for the fishing and seafood industry and are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife. Because they cover much more land area than beaches, the risk oftheir exposure to damage is greatly increased. 还有更糟的事情，石油污染还可能影响敏感的

湿地和红树林海岸，而这将是几乎不可能被清理干净的，有些人甚至担心这将是永久性的毁坏。这些湿地是捕鱼

业和水产品工业的摇篮，也是多种野生动物的栖息地和繁殖地。由于这些湿地面积远远大于海滩的面积，所以它

们面临破坏的风险就大大增加了。

Fully 98 percent of the fish and shellfish harvested in the Gulf of Mexico depend on estuaries, which are coastal waters where freshwater from rivers and streams mix with sea water. Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aquatic food chains. Many species depend on wetlands for food, shelter and breeding. 在墨西哥湾捕获的鱼类和贝类中足有98%依

靠河口生存，这些河口就是江河与海水汇合的地方。而河口又依赖于湿地保证其水的质量并为水产品供应链提供

基础。湿地是很多物种觅食、栖息和繁殖的场所。

The waters of the Gulf of Mexico are homes to hundreds of species of aquatic1ife. The longer the oil fouls the water, the more polluted the food chain becomes, which could result in large fish kills and seafood too contaminated for consumption. 墨西哥湾水域也是成百上千种水栖动物的家园。石油对海水

造成污染的时间越长，水产品食物链被污染的程度就会越大，这最终会造成大量的鱼类死亡以及水产品被严重污

染而无法食用。

阅读理解

1. In the first sentence "President Obama voiced the concems ofcountless scientists..." what does the word "voice" mean?

答案：Voice here means“to express an idea of…”

2．How long could the damage to the ecosystem last?

答案：The damage to the ecosystem could last decades.

3.How important are the wetlands to the wildlife?

答案：The wetlands are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife.

4.Why are estuaries dependent on wetlands?

答案：Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aquatic food chains.

5.How will the oil spill affect the seafood in the Gulf of Mexico?

答案：Many fish will die and the seafood will be too contaminated for consumption.

第六篇Green Computers“绿色’’电脑

Computer manufacturers, chipmakers and software companies are developing"greener' products for environmentally conscious consumers. While some tech companies are developing more energy-efficient product lines， others are releasing software to make existing computers consume less. And -electronics manufacturers are expanding ways to make -new computers out- of recycled materials, as well as encourage customers to recycle old machines. Consumers'may pay a slight premium for some eco-friendly electronics, but .many prices will be comparable with traditional offerings. 目前，电脑生产商、芯片制造者和软件公司都纷纷开发“绿色”产品来满足那些环保意识强烈的消费者的需求。一些科技公司开发了更节能的生产线，还有一些公司推出了减少现有电脑耗电量的软件。电子制造企业不断扩展工艺利用循环材料生产新电脑，并鼓励消费者循环利用旧电脑。某些环保类电子产品可能需要消费者多花些钱，但仍有很多环保电脑的价格跟传统电脑差不多。

Several factors are pushing companies to be greener. Many want to stay ahead of environmental legislation and to gamer favor with green investors. And with energy prices high, they are trying to appeal to people who are looking for ways to chip away at expenses. 有几大因素推动着电脑公司更注重环保。许多企业希望走在环保法规的前面，赢得环保投资者的支持。同时，随着能源价格上涨，他们正尝试吸引那些设法节省费用的消费者。

The computer industry has been working on improving energy consumption for years. The newer focus has been on toxins and recycling. For example, Lenovo Group Ltd. uses 10% t0 25% recycled plastics harvested from water bottles. Last month, Intel Corp. introduced new chips that it says will speed up computing performance without sucking up additional power. The company also developed technology, called Remote Wake, to keep computers in a low-energy mode until users need them for retrieving files over the Intemet. Hewlett-Packard Co. has developed a new feature called Auto-On / Auto-Off that puts inactive printers into a sleep mode and can quickly power back up once they are used again(1). This feature has been added to HP's personal desktop laser printers in 2009. Attention to manufacturing materials is a priority. HP introduced an ink-jet printer that is made of 83% recycled plastics. 计算机工业多年来一直致力于减少能源消耗，新焦点已经放到了毒性和循环利用上来了。例如，联想集团使用的塑料中有10%至25%是用回收的水瓶制造的。上个月，英特尔集团将新款芯片投放市场，据称这些芯片不用耗费更多的能量就可以加快计算的速度。该公司还开发了一种叫做“远程唤醒”的技术，可以使计算机在使用者不需要通过网络检索文件的时候保持低耗能的模式。惠普开发了一个叫做自动开关的新功能，可以不在工作状态的打印机进入休眠模式，一旦再次使用，又会很快地恢复到工作模式。惠普2009年生产的个人桌面激光打印机就已经安装了这项功能。惠普公司还将注意力优先放在了制造材料上，他们生产的一款喷墨打印机就是由83%的回收塑料制造的。

Experts say that keeping your old computer out of the landfill is better for the environment than buying a new one. 专家表示，就对环境的影响而言，对旧电脑再利用，让其避免流入垃圾场填埋比买台新电脑更好。阅读理解

1、Why are computer manufacturers considering developing greener products?

答案：Because they want to meet the requirements of environmentally conscious consumers.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ac19123848.html,pared to the old computer, the price ofthe greener machine is____.

答案：A little／slightly／a little bit more expensive.

3.From the three examples, Lenovo, Intel and HP, we can know that____.

答案：Companies want to stay ahead of environmental legislation and to get good impression from (gamer favor with) green investors. On the other hand they are trying to appeal to people who want to save their expenses because of high energy price(或With energy prices high, they are trying to appeal to people who are looking for ways to chip away at expenses).

4.What is the function ofAuto-On /Auto-Off?

答案：It can put inactiVe printers into a sleep mode and can quickly powerback up once used again.

5.What does the last sentence in the last paragraph mean?

答案：Don't throw your old computer away as trash in order to keep the environment clean.

第七篇Cell Phones手机

What would life look like without cell phones? Today's hottest selling mobile phones are now loaded with features such as MP3 music players, TV, music and wireless photo printing. Cell phones have changed so much in the past few years that with every new product launch comes another big dilemma for the cellular manufacturers cl) How do you create the next big hit? How does the manufacturer separate the hits from the gimmicks, while trying to decipher what cell phone users really want or need in the near future? Industry insiders say the most popular phones will have advanced functions that are simple to customize for individual tastes. 没有手机的生活会变得怎么样呢？今天畅销的手机都有MP3播放器、电视、音乐、无线相片打印等功能。手机在过去几年里的变化非常大，随着每次新产品的问世，手机制造商们都会再次陷入苦恼之中。该怎么创造下一代人气商品呢？制造商该怎样做才能了解手机使用者们不久的将来真正想要的东西，并且区分畅销与滞销的产品呢？业内人士指出最受欢迎的手机是具有能够简单地迎合顾客个人喜好的尖端功能的手机。

Manufacturers believe that the success of the cell phone lies in the building and development of high-speed networks to deliver services like video, music and high speed Intemet. While these networks are now in operation, the industry insiders are considering radical redesigns to phones, displays and services to ensure the new features are simple to use. Such developments, combined with software that allows users to customize their cell phone browser for services such as sports scores or news, could replace PDAs and other gadgets. Cellular companies are also betting consumers will soon use phones for everything from watching TV to studying and writing school exams. Developers should now concentrate on designing exciting new looks for phones, since few things have more direct influence over a consumer's fickle buying behavior than the emotional response that the shape, color or look ofa phone evokes （2) 制造商相信手机的成功取决于高速网络的构建和开发以提供如影像或视频、音乐、高速互联网的服务。在这些网络运营的同时，业内人士正在考虑将电话、显示屏以及服务进行彻底的重新设计，使其新的功能使用简化。这些开发产品结合了一种让使用者可以在手机浏览器上定制体育比赛得分或新闻等服务的软件，可以代替PDA（掌上电脑）和其它装置。手机制造商确信，在不久的将来，消费者将用手机完成一切事务，从看电视到学习和学校考试。开发商们现在应当集中精力设计外形更吸引人的新手机，因为除了手机的外形、颜色或款式所引起的情绪反应外，还几乎没有别的东西对消费者多变的购买行为起到更直接的影响。

阅读理解

1、What are the features oftoday's mobile phones?

答案：They are loaded with (features such as) MP3 music players, TV, music and wireless photo printing.

2、What will manufactures face ifthey produce a new product?

答案：They will face a big dilemma.

3、What should the most popular phones have?

答案：The most popular phones should have advanced functions to customize for individual tastes．4、What will people do with cell phones in the future?

答案：People will use phones for everything from watching TV to studying and writing school exams.

5. Why does the writer mention "the emotional response" in the last sentence?

答案：Because he thinks that it affects customers' buying behavior.

第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术

For mobile touch technology, it's only the beginning. Apple Inc.'s phone revolutionized the mobile phone with easy-to-use touch-screen technology that allows users to surf the Web, tap out messages or control any number ofinventive applications. 就移动触摸技术而言，现在只是刚刚开始。苹果公司的电话产品使移动电话行业产生了突破性变革，其便利的触摸屏技术可以便于用户浏览网络、发送短信或者掌控许多新颖应用软件。

Developers are working on new applications for "multi_touch- screens. These screens can process commands the user gives with more than one finger, which broadens the possibilities for applicationc”. Other developers are working on advances in "haptic" feedback - vibrations and other physical sensations that are now used, for instance, to let a gamer know she's reached a new level, but that can also be used to communicate emotions and may soon give a touch-screen keyboard the feel of a physical keyboard (2) And for those who still prefer to work with keys

on their phones, even some traditional keyboards will perform certain functions in response to touch commands. 开发人员正致力于新“多触点”屏幕的应用研究。这些屏幕可以处理用户用多手指同时给出的指令，这也增加了这项技术被应用的可能性。其他开发人员正在研究“触觉”反馈的升级技术——即现在所应用的震动和其它物理感知技术，它们不但可用来提醒游戏玩家已经过关，也可以用来进行情感交流，并且有可能很快就能使触摸屏具有真实键盘的触觉。对于那些更喜欢使用手机键盘的人来说，即便传统的键盘也将能发挥与触摸指令相对应的功能。

Software developers set to work on multi-touch applications. Some, for instance, allow users to play virtual musical instruments on the phone. But multi-touch developers have largely focused on games. 软件开发人员开始研发多触点应用软件。例如，有些软件可以使用户在电话上弹奏虚拟乐器。但是多触点开发人员主要以开发游戏为主。

Haptic technology already has many non-mobile applications. In videogames, for instance, it can give gamers the sensation of actually steering a car they're controlling on the screen. In medical training, it can make procedures like endoscopy performed on a simulator feel real, so that medical personnel can develop a better sense of how to perform them. The use of haptics in mobile phones is still in its infancy, but the wider deployment of haptic enabled phones will open the door to new applications. 触觉技术已经在非移动领域得到了广泛应用。例如，在视频游戏中，它可以让游戏玩家感到自己好像真的在驾驶他们所控制的荧屏赛车。在医疗培训中，它可以让在模拟器上操作的内窥镜检测法等程序感觉异常真实，从而使医疗人员能更自如地操作这些仪器。触觉技术在手机方面的使用仍然处于初创阶段，但是触觉技术手机的广泛运用将为这项技术得以更多、更新的应用开辟新的途径。

For now, at least many mobile users prefer the accuracy of a physical keyboard rather than a touch screen. A new technology is being designed to allow the best of both worlds: a keyboard that can also respond to touch commands. 目前看来，至少还有许多手机用户仍然偏爱物理键盘的准确性，他们对触摸屏并不十分感兴趣。开发人员正在设计一项可以兼顾这两种需求的新技术：即可以同时回应触摸指令的物理键盘。

阅读理解

1、Why do we say Apple's iPhone is a revolution?

答案：Because Apple is the first to develop a new technology called easy-to-touch-screen.

2、What is the advantage ofmulti-touch screen?

答案：The screens can process commands the user gives with more than one finger.

3、What is the haptic feedback technology?

答案：It is vibrations and physical sensations.

4、What do gamers feel if they use haptic technology in 'v.ideogames?

答案：The gamers feel that they have the actual sensation when they play games.

5、Why do many people like a physical keyboard nowadays? New words and Expressions 答案：Because they like the accuracy of a physical keyboard.

第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活

Oil and natural gas are an important part of our everyday life. Not only do they give us mobility they heat and cool our homes and provide electricityc. Millions of products are made from oil and gas，including plastics, life-saving medications,clothing， cosmetics, and many other items you may use daily. 石油与天然气是我们日常生活的重要组成部分。它们不仅使我们出行方便，它们还可以使我们的住所冬暖夏凉并且为我们提供电力。我们日常生活中的许多物品都是由石油和天然气制成的，如塑料、治病救人的药品、服装、化妆品等等。

In the United States, 97% of the energy that drives the transportation sector(cars, buses, subways, railroads, airplanes, etc.) comes from fuels made from oil.Auto manufacturers are developing cars to run on altemate fuels such as electricity, hydrogen and ethanol. However, the electric batteries need to be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas. The hydrogen needed for fuel cells could also- be generated from natural gas or petroleum-based products. Even as altemative fuels are developed, oil will be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to_go for the foreseeable future. 在美国，交通运输系统（私人汽车、公共汽车、地铁、火车、飞机等）的运行所依赖的能源中有97%来自石油炼制的燃料。虽然汽车制造商们正在研制使用像电、氢气和乙醇这样的替代能源作为燃料的汽车，但是，汽车电池需要充电而且电池发电所用的燃料仍可能是石油或天然气。燃料电池所需要的氢气也可能是由天然气或石油产品制成的。所以，尽管人们在研制开发替代燃料，在可预测的将来，能够确保人们出行便利的重要能源仍然是石油。’

In areas of the world that are still developing, b usinesses and individuals are demanding greater mobility for themselves and their products. World vehicle ownership is projected to increase from 122 vehicles per thousand people in 1999 to144 vehicles per thousand in 2020, with the growth occurring in developing nations. Airports are being added in these countries as well, expanding jet fuel demand. Oil is expected to remain the primary fuel source for transportation throughout the world for the foreseeable future, and transportation fuels are projected to account for almost 57% of total world oil consumption by 2020. 在全世界的发展中地区，不论企业还是个人，不论是为了自己方便还是为销售公司的产品，对交通出行的需求都大大增加。据预测世界汽车保有量将由1999年的每千人122辆增加至2020年的每千人144辆，这些增加的部分都是来自发展中国家。同样在这些发展中国家，由于机场也在扩建，所以航空燃料的需求也在不断增长。在可预测的将来，石油仍将是世界各地交通的主要能源，预计到2020年交通燃料将占全世界石油消耗总量的57%。

World population is currently around 6 billion people, but is expected to grow to approximately 7.6 billion by 2020. That will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas. 目前世界人口为60亿，但是到2020年将会增至约76亿。这将意味着人们对石油和天气制成的交通燃料、电力以及其它消费产品需求的大量增加阅读理解

1、According to the text, how important is oil to our life?答案：Oil and gas give us mobility, they

heat and cool our homes and provide electricity. They can also be made into many products that we use every day.

2、What is a disadvantage ofelectric batteries used in automobiles?答案：They must be charged and

the fuel to generate the electricity could be oilor gas.

3. Can altemate energy completely replace oil and gas in the foreseeable

future? Why?答案：No, it can't. Oil and gas will still be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to go for t he foreseeable future.

4．Were in the world can we see the big increase in car ownership?答案：In the developing world 5．What willthe increase ofworld populationindicate? New words and Expressions答案：That will mean

a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer

products made from oil and natural gas.

第十篇Carbon Emissions碳排放

The task - in which carbon emissions are pumped into underground reservoir rather than released - is challenging for any fuel source, but particularly so for coalc'), which produces more carbon dioxide than oil or natural gas. 将燃料燃烧排放出的二氧化碳注入地下而不是排放到空气中这项任务对于任何一种燃料的碳排放处理都是一件艰巨的工作。尤其对于煤炭来说，这项任务就更为困难，因为煤炭燃烧比石油和天然气燃烧所排放出的二氧化碳更多。

Under optimal current conditions coal produces more than twice as much carbon dioxide per unit of electricity as natural gas, the second most common fuel used for electricity generation. In the developing world, where even new coal plants use lower grade coal and less efficient machinery the equation is even worse. 在最佳燃烧状况下，每发一个单位电所燃烧煤炭而产生的二氧化碳是燃烧天然气的两倍。天然气是发电使用的第二大燃料。在发展中国家，情况则更糟，因为那里所使用的煤炭及发电设备都是低档次的

Without carbon capture and storage, coal cannot be green. But solving that problem will take global coordination and billions of dollars in investment, which no one country or company seems inclined to spend. 如果不进行碳集合封存，煤炭不可能成为绿色能源。但是解决这一问题不仅需要全球的共同努力，也需要花费数以十亿计甚至更多的投资，而没有任何一个国家和公司愿意花费这笔投资。

There are a few dozen small demonstration projects in Europe and in the United States, most in the early stages. But progress has not been promisingc2). 虽然在欧洲和美国人们为此进行了一些小规模的试验项目，但这些项目都刚刚兴起，并没有取得什么实质性的进展。

The European Union had pledged to develop 12 pilot carbon-capture projects for Europe(3).Many have likened carbon capture's road from the demonstration lab to a safe, cheap, available reality as a challenge equivalent to putting a man on the moon. Norway, which is investing heavily to test the technology calls carbon capture its 'moon landing'. 欧盟已经承诺在欧洲建设12个试验性碳捕获项目。很多国家也已经将碳捕获这项任务从实验室转化为安全、低价的实际应用，但他们都把这项任务比作把人送往月球那么难。挪威正在对此大量投资做技术测试，他们就把碳捕获称为“月球登陆计划”

Then there is the problem of storing the carbon dioxide, which is at some level an inherently local issue. Geologists have to determine if there is a suitable underground site, calculate how much carbon dioxide it can hold and then equip it in a way that prevents leaks and ensures safety. A large leak of underground carbon dioxide could be as dangerous as a leak of nuclear fuel. 碳捕获之后面临的问题就是碳封存。碳封存从某种程度上来说则属于地域问题。地质学家们需要确定地下是否有合适的地点，计算其对二氧化碳的存储量，然后再配备设施防止二氧化碳的泄漏以确保安全。地下二氧化碳一旦发生大量泄漏，就如同核燃料泄漏一样危险。

阅读理解

1、In paragraph l, what does the underlined word "so" refer to?答案：The word“so”refers to“challenging'’

2. What can be leamed about carbon emissions in the coal plants in

developing countries?答案：The coal used in the coal plants is low grade and the machineries there are less efficient. As a result, produce much more carbon dioxide per unit of electricity. 3．How can the use of coal become "green"?

答案：Coal can become 'green' through carbon capture and storage.

4．According to the text, what has Norway been doing?

答案：Norway has been investing heavily in developing carbon capture technology.

5. What is the biggest concem of storing carbon at an underground site?

答案：The carbon stored at an underground site could leak, and a large leak of underground carbon dioxide could be as dangerous as a leak ofnuclear fuel.

第十一篇Marine Pollution海洋污染

By the year 2050 it is estimated that the world's population could have increased to around 12 billion. Of these, some 60 percent will live within 60km of the sea. The agricultural and industrial activities required to support this population willincrease the already significant pressures on fertile coastal areas. 到2050年，估计世界人口可能会增加到120亿。其中大约有60%的人口居住在距离海洋60公里的范围内。为养活这些人口而进行的农业和工业活动将会加大富饶的沿海地区已面临的巨大压力。

One significant impact of human activity is marine pollution. The most visible and familiar is oil pollution caused by tanker accidents and tank washingat sea(1). 人类活动产生的一个重大影响是海洋污染。最显而易见和为人熟知的是油轮事故和在海洋里清洗油箱所造成的油污染。

Despite the scale and visibility of such impacts, the total quantities ofpollutants entering the sea from the long line of catastrophic oil spills appeared small compared with those of pollutants introduced directly and indirectly from other sources (2)(including domestic sewage, industrial discharges, leakages, urban and industrial run-off, accidents, spillages. explosions, sea dumping operations, oil production, mining.agriculture nutrients and pesticides, waste heat sources and radioactive discharges).. 虽然这些影响有一定的规模、且显而易见，但是，与其它直接和间接的海洋污染源（包括民用污水、工业排放物、废料堆泄漏、都市和工业污染排放物、事故、泄漏、爆炸、向海洋倾泄垃圾的行为、石油生产、采矿、农业肥料和杀虫剂、热源废料和放射性排放物）相比，一系列油轮发生灾难性油泄漏而造成的海洋污染物质总量还是显得很少。

Nutrient pollution from sewage discharges and agriculture can result in unsightly and possibly dangerous '6blooms" of algae in coastal waters. As these blooms die and decay they use up the oxygen in the water. this led, in some areas, to"creeping dead zones".污水排放物和农业生产所造成的肥料污染使海岸水域里的藻类开出难看而且可能危险的花朵。这些花朵死亡和腐烂将耗尽水里的氧气，使这些地区变成了“逐渐蔓延的死亡区”

Radioactive pollution has many causes, including the normal operation of nuclear power stations. Radioactive elements traceable to reprocessing can be found in seaweeds as far away as the West Greenland Coast. 放射性污染有很多原因，包括正常运转的核电站。远在格陵兰岛西部海岸的海草里都能发现核燃料再处理所产生的放射性元素。

Trace metal pollution from metal mining, production and processing industries can damage the health of marine plants and animals and render some sea foods unfit for human consumption, 金属采矿、生产和加工所造成的微量金属污染会损害海洋植物和动物的健康，使一些海产品不再适合人类食用。

阅读理解

1. Why is it difficult to support the population on fertile coastal areas by the

year 2050?答案：Because 60% of the world's population will live within 60km of the sea.

2.How many kinds of sea pollutions are mentioned in the passage? What are they?答案：There are four: marine pollution,nutrient pollution, radioactive pollution, trace metal pollution.

3. What is mentioned as the most visible and familiar marine pollution?答案：Oil pollution.

4.Marine life dies in creeping dead zones because ofthe lack of——．答案：Oxygen.

5．The West Greenland Coast has been polluted by——．答案：Radioactive elements

第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术

China's unprecedented growth in recent years has come at a terrible price. Two-thirds of its rivers and lakes are too polluted for industrial use,_ let alone agriculture or drinking. Just l in 100 0f China's nearly 600 million city dwellers breathes air that would be considered safe in Europe. At a time when arable land is in short supply, poisoned floodwaters have ruined many productive fields. 中国近年来史无前例的经济增长是以可怕的代价换来的。中国2/3的河流湖泊污染严重，无法用于工业，更别说农业或饮用了。中国近6亿城市人口中只有1%的人呼吸着按欧洲标准堪称安全的空气。在可耕地紧缺之际，受到污染的洪水又毁坏了大量良田。

The immensity of these troubles has produced a result that may surprise many outside China: The nation has emerged as an incubator for clean technology, vaulting to the forefront in several categoriescl). Among all countries, China is now the largest producer of photovoltaic solar panels, thanks to such homegrown manufacturers as Suntech Power. The country is the world's second largest market for wind turbines. In car-making, China's BYD Auto has leapfrogged global giants, launching the first mass-produced hybrid that plugs into an electrical outlet. 诸如此类的众多问题却产生了一个令很多国外人士感到惊讶的结果：中国逐渐成为清洁技术的培育基地，在若干领域走到了前列。凭借尚德太阳能电力有限公司等本土厂商，中国现在是世界上最大的光电太阳能电池板生产国。中国也是全球第二大风电机组市场。在汽车制造方面，中国的比亚迪汽车有限公司已超过全球汽车巨头，推出了第一款可大批量生产的充电式混合动力车。

Understanding they are in a global race. China's leaders are supporting businesses with policies and incentives. Beijing recently hiked China's auto mileage standards to a level the U.S. is not expected to reach until 2020. Beijing also says it will boost the country's share of electricity created from renewable sources t0 23% by 2020, from 16% today, on par with similar targets in Europe. Beijing's green intentions will soon be put to the test. China is in the midst of the biggest building boom in history. A study estimates that over 350 million people will migrate from the countryside into cities by 2025. Five million buildings will be added, including50,000 skyscrapers - equal t0 10 New York Cities. And as new offices and houses multiply, they are filled with energy-hungry computers, TVs, air conditioners, and the like, sharply increasing demand for electricity which comes mainly from coal-powered plants. 中国领导人认识到了他们正处于一场全球竞赛中，于是以各种政策和激励措施对企业予以扶持。北京前不久将中国的汽车里程标准大幅提高到美国估计要到2020年才能达到的水平。北京还表示，到2020年，中国的可再生性资源发电量所占比例将从目前的16%上升到23%，与欧洲的类似指标不相上下。北京的绿色环保意向很快将受到考验。中国正处于有史以来最大的建筑热潮中。一项研究估计，到2025年，中国将有超过3.5亿人从农村迁入城市。中国将新增500万幢建筑，包括5万幢摩天大楼，相当于10座纽约市的规模。随着新建办公室和房屋的成倍增长，那些耗费能源的计算机、电视、空调等设备也要装备到这些建筑中，这就大量增加了电力的需求，而大部分电力是来自以煤做燃料的发电厂。

阅读理解:

1. What are some of the downsides to China's growth?答案：Rivers, lakes and air are seriously polluted. Water and agricultural land have been poisoned.

2. According to the passage, how many people in China breathe safe air? 答案：6 million．

3. What can be learned about Suntech Power? 答案：It is a domestic (homegrown) manufacturer ofphotovoltaic solar panels.

4.What are Beijing's green intentions? 答案：Beijing will boost the country’s share of electricity created from renewable sources to 23% by 2020.

5.What will be increased sharply by the year 2025 in China? 答案：City population.

第十三篇Market Economy市场经济

There are pros and cons for command and market economies.

Let's look at the command economy first. The foundation of it is that it is directed and controlled by a centralized govemment. A command economy means that the govemment is involved in every step. There are other downsides to a command economy. Often factories don't meet quotas, needs are underestimated, and a product could sell too quickly, and so on. Basically things have to be adjusted. Production and prices might have to be increased or decreased; there might be restrictions on the number ofitems a person could buy. 计划经济和市场经济各有利弊。首先我们来看一下计划经济。计划经济的基础是由中央集权的政府指导和控制。计划经济意味着政府涉足经济生活的每一步。计划经济还有其它的负面影响。工厂经常会达不到配额，市场的需求会被低估，一种产品可能会很快销售一空等等。总的来说必须做出调整：产品和价格可能不得不或升或降；也可能会限制人们购买产品的数量等等。

Now let's look at the market economy. That means private enterprise with the govemment not making the decisions. Here's how it works. We'll use the example of clothing. Maybe somebody - say Jack - decides to open a company making clothes. He designs and makes them fashionable so people will want to buy and wear them. If the clothes become popular then Jack can increase the price and keep increasing it. By doing this Jack can make more profit and or expand his business to make even more money. At the same time other people will have noticed how well he is doing and will start up new businesses in competition('). This way prices will level off or even come down because people will buy the thing costing less. The companies will have to cut costs, and perhaps do with less profit to stay in business. In this case the market economy is the way to go. 现在我们来看一下市场经济。这意味着企业私有制而政府并不能为它们做任何决定。我们用服装行业的例子来说明它的运行方式。假如某人，我们就叫他杰克，决定开一家服装制造公司。他设计和制造时尚的服装，使人们愿意购买和穿着。如果服装受欢迎，杰克会提高价格，并维持价格的攀升。通过这种方式，杰克可获取更大的利润。或者通过扩展业务，创造更多的财富。与此同时，别人将注意到他做的很优秀，于是这些人将创办新的企业与杰克竞争。这样价格将稳定下来，甚至可能降低，因为人们都愿意买更便宜的衣服。各家公司将不得不降低成本、减少利润，使自己在行业内得以生存。在这种情况下，市场经济才是正确的方向。

With a command economy the govemment runs everything and everybody, but with a market economy the govemment supposedly provides assistance only to correct problems that can't be solved by the market. With a command economy come chronic shortages, inefficiencies. On the other hand, the market economy offers greater opportunities for economic growth, technological progress and prosperity. 在计划经济下，政府掌管每件事和每个人；而在市场经济下，政府提供帮助来解决市场不能解决的问题。计划经济逐渐导致长期物质短缺和效率低下。另一方面，市场经济能够更大程度地带来经济增长、技术进步和社会繁荣的良机

阅读理解：

1. What is the role ofgovemment in the command economy?答案：The economy is directed, controlled by the centralized govemment.

2. What might be restricted in the command economy?答案：How much of an item a person can buy.

3.What is the market economy?答案：Market economy means private enterprise with the govemment not making the decisions．

4.Who is Jack according to the text?答案：Jack is a virtual person who owns a company that makes clothes.

5.What does the market economy provide? 答案：The market economy provides／offers greater opportunities for economic growth, technological progress and prosperity.

第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数

If the CPI, Consumer Price Index was 2.1% in a country,what doses that mean? In a nutshell, it means that consumers in that country paid 2.1% more than in the previous year for the goods and services included in the CPI basket. Although prices of goods and services rise and fall over time, when prices change too dramatically, they can have negative effects on an economy. In order to tell if an economy is experiencing inflation, deflation or stagflation, we use the CPI as a gauge of the prices of goods and services. 如果某个国家的消费者物价指数为2.1%，那意味着什么？简单地说，这意味着这个国家的消费者为消费者物价指数篮子里的商品及服务的支出比上一年多了2.1%。虽然商品和服务的价格随时间而上下波动，但是如果价格变动幅度过大，则会给经济带来负面影响。为了说明经济是否正在经历通货膨胀、通货紧缩或者是滞胀，我们把CPI作为衡量商品及服务价格的尺度。

When the Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistic releases the CPI data monthly, the CPI's results are widely anticipated and watched. Who would eagerly await the results, you might ask? Well, the CPI plays an important role for many key financial decision makers, including individual investors, the Central Banks and the Federal Reserve in the U.S. The CPI helps central banks forecast the interest-rate policy and other decisions of major banks and corporations. 劳工部劳动数据统计局每月公布CPI数据的时候，很多人都期待并关注CPI结果。你或许会问什么人会热切地等待着这些结果？CPI对许多重要的财政决策者来说起着重要的作用，其中包括个人投资者、中央银行和美国联邦贮备银行。CPI帮助中央银行预测主要银行和企业的利息政策和其它决策。

I mentioned the CPI basket before and now I want to expand on what this basket is and how we get the information(1). The base-year market basket, which makes up the CPI, comes from detailed expenditure information collected from surveys of thousands of families(2). The information is not randomly collected, instead, the information is _gathered through interviews and diaries kept by participants who have agreed to disclose their buying_habits. The basket is divided

into eight groups: food and beverages, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education and communication and other goods and services, and includes more than 200 categories. Finally, the prices of 80,000 items in the market basket are collected monthly from thousands of retail stores, service establishments, rental units, and doctors' offices. 前面提到过CPI篮子，现在我想进一步说明一下这个篮子是什么，以及我们如何获取信息。组成CPI的基本年度市场篮子是在调查了成千上万户家庭的详细支出信息之后得出的。这些信息不是随机搜集来的，而是通过对那些愿意公开自己购买习惯的消费者所进行采访和记录中得到的信息。基本篮子可分为8个组，包括了200多个种类，食品和饮料、住宅、服装、交通工具、医疗、休闲、教育和通讯以及其它商品的服务。最后，市场篮子中的8万件物品的价格是从成千上万个零售商店、服务部门、租赁店、诊所等的每个月汇总中得来的。

阅读理解

1. What is CPI short for?

答案：Consumer Price Index.

2. What does that indicate if CPIis

3.3% in a country this year?

答案：Consumers in a country have to pay 3.3% more than in the previous year for the goods and serwces.

3. What will haDDen if prices change a lot?

答案：They can have negative effects on an economy.

4.Who are eager to await the results of the CPI? Why?

答案：Many key financial decision makers. Because the CPI plays an 'important role for them．

5.How is the information of the CPI basket collected? New words and Expressions

答案：The information is collected through interviews and diaries kept by the participants.

第十五篇The Internet互联网

The Intemet is the largest repository of information which can provide very large network resources. The network resources can be divided into network facilities resources and network information resources. The network facilities resources provide us the ability of remote computation and communication. The network information resources provide us all kinds ofinformation services, such as science, education. business. history law, art， and entertainment, etc. 互联网是最大的信息宝库，它可以提供非常巨大的网络资源。这种网络资源可分为网络设备资源和网络信息资源。网络设备资源使我们能够进行远程计算和通信。网络信息资源为我们提供各种各样的信息服务，如科学、教育、商务、历史、法律、艺术和娱乐等等。

The most commonly used network service is electronic mail. Mail permits network users to send textual messages to each other. Computers and networks handle delivering the mail, so that communicating mail users do not have to handle details of delivery, and do not have to be present at the same time or placecl). 最常被使用的网络服务是电子邮件。电子邮件允许网络用户彼此传送文本消息。计算机和网络负责传递邮件，这样一来，邮件用户不必关心传递的细节，而且没有必要在同一时间或地点出现。

Before you can use the Internet, you must choose a way to move data between the Intemet and your PC. This link may be a high-speed data communication circuit, a local area network (LAN), a telephone line or a radio channel. Most likely, you will use a Modem attached to your telephone line to talk to the Intemet. 在上网之前，你必须选择一种方法，在网络和你自己的电脑之间移动数据。这个连接可能是一个高速数据通信线路、局域网(LAN)、电话线或无线频道。大多数情况下，你可以使用一个连接到你的电话线上的调制解调器来实现网络连接。

Worldwide web (www) is a networked hypertext protocol and user interface. It provides access to multiple services and documents like Gopher does but is more ambitious in its methodc2). A jump to other Intemet service can be triggered by a mouse click on a "hotlinked" word， image，or icon on the Web page. 万维网( WWW)是一种网络的超文本协议和用户界面。像Gopher 一样，它能提供多种服务和文件接入方法，但其功能更加齐全。向其它互联网服务的跳转可在“网”页上由鼠标器点击“热链接”的文字、图像或按钮来启动。

As more and more systems join the Internet, and as more and more forms of information can be converted to digital form, the amount of stuff available to Internet users continues to grow. At some points very soon after the nationwide (and later worldwide) Intemet started to grow, people began to treat the Net as a community. 随着越来越多的系统加入互联网，而且越来越多的信息可以转变成数字形式，用户能得到的信息量也在持续增长。随着互联网在全国（然后在全世界）开通，人们便会开始将互联网看作是一个社区。

So we can say that the Intemet is your PC's window to the rest ofthe world. 所以我们可以说，互联网是你的个人计算机通向世界其它地方的窗口。

阅读理解

1. What can network resources be divided into?

答案：They are divided into network facilities resources and network information resources.

2. What's the function ofeach network resource?

答案：The network facilities-resources provide us the ability of remote computation and communication and also provide us all kinds of information services (such as science, education, business, history, law, art, and entertainment).

3. Why do most people choose the Intemet to deliver e-mails nowadays?

答案：Because it is the fastest and most convenient way (to send their e-mails).

4.What is the most possible way you choose to move data between the

Intemet and your PC?答案：Using a Modem attached to the telephone line.

5.Why do people regard the Net as a community in the near future?

答案：Because people can get and do whatever they want at home as more and more systems join the Intemet and more and more forms of information are available to the amount of Intemet users.

十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想

The launch of Apple's iPad in the US is a polarising moment. The television news lingers on the queues outside Apple stores, and fans are seen drooling over

these latest shiny objects of techno-lust. Doubters, meanwhile, point out that general

purpose tablet-style computers such as this have always bombed before - and if the touch-screen interface is so revolutionary, why is Apple going to sell an old-fashioned keyboard to plug into it? 当苹果公司在美国推出iPad时，引发了两种截然不同的反应。电视新闻会把镜头长时间对准苹果专卖店外的长队，以及苹果粉丝们是如何垂涎于这些亮丽的、吸引科技迷们的新产品。而与此同时，怀疑人士则会指出，这类多功能平板电脑以往在市场中一直遭遇惨败——而且，如果触摸屏界面真的如此具有革命性，那么苹果公司为何还打算出售供iPad外接的老式键盘呢？

To focus on issues such as these, though, would be to miss the point. This launch is about much more than just another piece ofpersonal technology hardware no matter how desirable. For the iPad is an extension of the most significant new development in computing since the birth of the personal computer. Ifit takes off it would seal Apple's rebound to the very top of the heap in the computing world cl) Starting with the iPhone in 2007 and followed by the iPod Touch the same year Apple has been changing the way people relate to intelligent portable devices . Touch has become the interface and connected "app stores" the new place to find services and content. 不过，若是纠缠于这类问题，我们就抓不到这件事情的关键。无论这个新设备有多令人想往，它都决非仅仅是另一件个人高科技硬件产品。这是因为， iPad是个人电脑诞生以来，计算机领域最重要的一项新发展的延伸。如果它能够大受欢迎，就将确保苹果公司重新登上计算机业的巅峰位置。该公司先是在2007年推出iPhone，随后又在在同年推出iPod Touch，它一直在改变着人们与智能便携设备接触的方式：触摸已成为人机界面，在线“应用程序商店”(App Store)则成为人们获取服务和内容的新场所。

Between them, the iPhone and the Touch already represent the fastest-growing new computing platform in history, according to Mary Meeker, intemet analyst with Morgan Stanley. With the iPad, Apple is now staking out a big piece of extra territory for this platform. General purpose, tablet-style devices have proved a graveyard for technology companies before. But with a model honed on the iPhone, Apple starts with a better chance than others. And even if initial sales are disappointing - as they were for the iPod and iPhone - Apple has at least outlined the shape of a big new potential market for the army of software developers who have hitched their fortunes to its technology c3) 摩根士丹利互联网行业分析师玛丽·米克称，iPhone与iPod Touch已经代表了有史以来发展最快的新型计算机平台。通过推出iPad，苹果公司如今又让这一平台延伸出一块广袤的新领域。其主要目的是用多功能平板设备证明了以往多家高科技公司在此领域的失败。但有iPhone作为基础，苹果平板电脑的起点高于别人。而且，即使iPad 最初的销售情况不尽人意（就如iPod与iPhone最初的销售情况一样），苹果公司也至少为大批软件开发商勾勒出了一片大有潜力的新市场的轮廓，而这些软件开发者已经把自己的财富与苹果公司的技术绑在了一起。

阅读理解

1. What will be the television news focus after the launch of Apple's iPad in USA?

答案：The television news will focus on the long line standing in front of Apple stores, and fans who are drooling over these latest shiny objects oftechno-lust.

2. In what situation will Apple rebound to the very top in the computing world?

答案：If the iPad becomes popular, it will help Apple rebound to the top of the business．

3. What changes has Apple already brought to intelligent portable devices?

答案：Apple has been changing the way people relate to intelligent portable devices. Touch has become the interface and connected“app stores”the new place to find servlces and content．

4. What's Mary Meeker's analysis to iPhone and the Touch?答案：The iPhone and the Touch already represent the fastest-growing new computing platform in history.

5. In the sentence "Tablet_style devices have proved agraveyard for technology comparies before," what does the word "graveyard" mean?

答案：It means that the tablet-style devices will disappear from history.

十七篇3G Technology技术

Cellular technology has been evolving since its invention. With the first cellular telephone networks, developed by Bell Labs and AT&T, cellular technology began to make leaps forward in ease of use（）. voice quality， and data communication. The miracle of technology we know today as the cellular phone was made possible by a steady stream ofinnovation that continues on into the future. 无线电通讯技术自其发明以来就一直在不断更新和进步。随着贝尔实验室和AT&T公司开发了第一代无线电通讯网络，无线电通讯技术在使用便捷、声音质量以及数据传输上便开始了飞跃的发展。我们今天所熟悉的手机这个奇妙的技术是由一系列创造革新带来的，而且将来还会有更新的技术出现。

3G technology, the current standard in cellular service, improved cellular service even more. On the network side, it was even more efficient than 2G and allowed greater capacity on the cellular network. It allowed much faster data connections that approached broadband speeds. It also allowed a consumer to use both voice and data features on their phones at the same time. 第三代(3G)技术，当今无线电通讯服务所使用的标准，又进一步改进了无线电通讯服务。在网络方面，它比第二代(2G)技术更加有效，容量也更大了。数据连接速度也更快，接近于宽带速度。它还可以使用户同时使用语音和数字功能。

However, the march of technology goes ever forward, and now there is a fourth generation of cellular technology just over the horizon (3) Unlike previous generations of cellular network technology, 4G is not designed around voice services but is designed around the Intemet. It will also do away with many of the cellular network incompatibilities between carriers and countries. It will have blazing fast data speeds starting at 100 Mbps, and top out at lGbps . It is designed to be used with both mobile phones and more static computers. 但技术是不断发展的。现在第四代技术已经初露头角。与其它几代不同，4G并不是为语音服务而是为因特网而设计的。这代技术会消除无线通讯网络中不同运营商和国家之间的不兼容性。它有超高的数据传输速度，从100 Mbps最高可达到1 Gbps，并可用于手机和静态计算机。

The developments in cellular technology promise a worldwide network of mobile voice and data communication like we've never seen before. Imagine a oroadband connection to the Intemet and crystal clear calls anywhere you go. Get ready for 4G! 无线电通讯技术的发展给我们带来了一个未曾见过的世界范围的语音和数据通讯网络。试想一想与因特网的宽带连接，还有不论你身在何处都能听到的清晰电话对话。准备迎接4G的到来吧！

阅读理解

1. What contribution did Bell Lab and AT & T make to cellular technology?

答案：They developed the first cellular telephone networks.

2. What are the advantages of3G technology over 2G?

答案：3G is even more efficient than 2G and allowed greater capacity on the cellular network.It also allowed much faster data connections and allowed a consumer to use both voice and data features on their phones at the same time.

3. How is 4G designed differently from the previous generations ofcellular network technology ? 答案：4G is not designed around voice services but is designed around the Intemet．

4. Name the major advantages of 4G.

答案It will do away with many of the cellular network incompatibilities between carriers and countries. It will have blazing fast data speeds It is designed to be used with both mobile phones and more static computers.

5. In the sentence "It will have blazing fast data speeds starting at 100 Mbps,

and top out at lGbps." How do you understand "top out at l Gbps"?

答案; It means“the fastest speed can reach l Gbps”

十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a means of mitigating the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming, based on capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources such

as fossil fuel power plants, and storing it away from the atmosphere by different means(l). It can also be used to describe the scrubbing of C02 from ambient air as a geoengineering technique. 碳捕

获和储存(CCS)是一种从大型发电厂等污染源捕获二氧化碳，并运用不同方式储存在非大气层的环境中，以减轻

化石燃料排放对全球变暖影响的手段。它也可以用来描述从大气中洗涤二氧化碳的一种地球工程技术。

The tenn carbon dioxide capture and storage has also been used to describe biological techniques such as biochar burial, which use trees, plankton, etc. to capture C02 from the air. However, it is more conventional to use the term carbon capture and storage to describe non-biological processes of capturing carbon dioxide from combustion at the source. 碳捕获和储存这一概念已经被用于描述以下这些

生物技术，如生物碳埋藏。这是一种利用树木和浮游生物等从空气中捕获二氧化碳的生物技术。然而，碳捕获和

存储现在通常用来描述从燃烧源捕获二氧化碳的非生物过程

CCS applied to a modem conventional power plant could reduce C02 emissions to the atmosphere by approximately 80-90% compared to a plant without CCS. The IPCC estimates that the economic potential

of CCS could be between10% and 55% of the total carbon mitigation effort until year 2100. 碳捕获和

存储技术应用到传统发电厂可以减少约80-90%的二氧化碳排放。据政府间气候变化专门委员会估计，到2100年，

在碳减排总投资中，碳捕获和存储的经济投入将达到10%至55%。

Capturing and compressing C02 requires much energy and would increase the fuel needs of a coal-fired plant with CCS by 25%-40%. These and other system costs are estimated to increase the cost

of energy from a new power plant with CCS by 21-91%. These estimates apply to purpose-built plants near a storage location: applying the technology to preexisting plants or plants far from a storage location will be more expensive. 捕获和压缩二氧化碳需要大量能源，一个应用碳捕获和储存技术的燃煤电

厂的燃料需求将增加25%-40%。那么新的应用碳捕获和储存的燃煤发电厂的能源和其它系统成本估计将增加

21-91%。而这样的预算只适用于在碳储存地附近专门建设的碳捕获和储存发电厂：如果在现有的远离碳储存位置

的发电厂采用该技术，那将更加昂贵。

Storage of the C02 is envisaged either in deep geological formations, in deep ocean masses, or

in the form of mineral carbonates. In the case of deep ocean storage， there is a risk of greatly increasing the problem of ocean acidification, a problem that also stems from the excess of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and oceans. 预计会选择将二氧化碳储存在地层深处、深海、或在矿物碳

酸盐中。如果在深海中储存，很有可能存在增大海洋酸度的风险。海洋酸化问题也主要起源于大气和海洋中过多

的二氧化碳。

阅读理解

1. What is Carbon Capture and Storage?

答案：Carbon capture and storage is a method to reduce the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming by capturing carbon dioxide (C02) from large point sources such as fossil fuel power plants, and storing it away from the atmosphere by different means.

2. How is carbon dioxide capture and storage defined in biological ways?

答案：It is described as biochar burial, which use trees, plankton, etc. to capture C02 from the air.

3.What is the effect of applying carbon dioxide capture and storage on a

modern conventional power plant?

答案：It could reduce C02 emissions to the atmosphere by approximately 80-900% compared to a plant without CCS.

4.Where will the captured carbon be stored?

答案：The captured carbon will be stored either in the deep geological formations， in deep ocean masses, or in the form of mineral carbonates.

5.What is the problem of deep ocean storage? New words and Expressions

答案：There is a risk of greatly increasing the problem of ocean acidification，a problem that also stems from the excess of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and oceans．

十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century. But - regardless of whether it is or isn't - we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. 全球变暖或许是也或许不是21世纪的环境大危机。但不管是与否，我们都不会采取什么措施。我们会对其争论不休，甚至作为一个国家发表一些听起来庄重的誓言来避免全球变暖。但这些誓言听起来越激动人心、越意味深长，实现它们的可能性却越小。

Al Gore, former US Vice President, calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that-we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we can't do much about it. 美国前副总统戈尔将全球变暖称作“令人不快的真相”，似乎只要我们认识到这个真相就可以找到解决这一问题的途径。但是实际的真相是我们并没有足够的能力消除全球变暖；若没有重大的科技突破，我们根本无能为力。

From 2003 to 2050. the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly C02) will be 42 percent higher in 2050. But that's too low because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world:s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050. 2003年至2050年世界人口预计将增长42%，即从64亿增长至91亿。如果人均消耗能源和科技水平不变，到2050年，能源消耗总量和温室气体排放将增加42%。但是这只是一个保守数字，因为社会的进步和富足意味着更多的能源消耗。经济发展是必需的，除非不再提高人们的生活水准，让世界上的贫困人口永远过贫穷的生活。但即使经济保守地发展，到2050年，能源消耗及温室气体排放也会增加一倍多。

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Stillt politicians want to show they're "doing something." Consider the Kyoto Protocol. It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced C02 emissions, and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008 - 2010 targets. 任何政府都不会采取刚性的措施限制经济发展和个人自由（如：限制用电量、开车出行、外出旅行等），尽管这样的措施会减缓全球变暖。但是政治家们依然想证明他们没有对全球变暖“置之不理”。“京都议定书”就是个实例。其中规定所有签约国家有权利惩罚那些非签约国。但是“京都议定书”并没有使二氧化碳的排放有所减少，况且很多签约国也并没有采取足够严厉的措施以实现2008 - 2010年碳排放目标。

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways ofbreaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. 我们得出的现实的结论就是如果全球变暖是一场潜在的灾难，解决全球变暖的唯一办法是新技术。只有靠我们大力的研究和技术开发才能使我们打破对化石燃料的依赖或找到应对全球变暖的方法。

阅读理解

1. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?

答案：Human being will not do much about global warming.

2. According to the author's understanding, what is Al Gore's view on global warming?

答案：Al Gore calls global warming an“inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.

3.Why will greenhouse emissions double by the year 2050?

答案：Because the world population will grow by 42% by 2050, and as economy will grow, and so will the energy consumption and greenhouse enussion.

4.In Paragraph 4,the sentence "It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't." What does the word "didn't" refer to?

答案：“Those that didn’t”here refers to“those countries that didn't join the Kyoto Protocol".

5.What message does the author try to convey in the last paragraph? New words and Expressions

答案：We must develop breakthrough technology in order to deal with the problem of global warming.