高中英语状语从句学习必备
第11章状语从句（一）
在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。一、时间状语从句
时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：
A．when, while, as, whenever
when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。
1．when
①when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。
When I got home, my family were already having dinner.
我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。
（when表示点时间）
When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.
当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）
He waved a hello when he saw her.
当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（when表示点时间）
When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.
当你认为自己一无所知的时候，就开始知道一些事情了。（when表示段时间）
注意：
当when意思是正当……时候（and at that moment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。
He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang.
他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。
They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。
They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。
②有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。
He walks when he might take a taxi.
尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none
既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？
2．while
①while通常表示一段时间，从句中要用持续性动词作谓语。
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.
她在看报的时候睡着了。
②while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成……然而……。
I am fond of English while he likes maths.
我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。
We slept while the captain kept watch.
我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。
③while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。
While they love te children, they are strict with them.
虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。
提示：
虽然during 与while 意思很相近，但是during是介词，不能引导从句。
3．as
①as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。
The thief was caught as/ when he was stealing in the supermarket.
小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。
I saw Jim as /when he left the meeting room.
吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。
②as表示一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。
They talked as they walked.
他们边走边聊。
He looked behind from time to time as he went.
他一边走，一边不时地往后看。
③as表示随着
As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。
As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。
4．when, while, as的用法区别
①只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。
I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.
我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。
②在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：
a．as更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。
We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.
我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.
你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺
As he grew older, he became less and less active.
随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。
状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。
b．when更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。
When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.
当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作发生在主句之前，
注意主从句的时态）
When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.
当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态）c．while从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking
about my daughter.
她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。
d．若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。
As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause.
他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
5．whenever
whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。Y ou are always welcome whenever you come.
无论你何时来都欢迎。
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。
B．b efore, after
1．before
before表示在一段时间之前。
I must finish all the work before I go home.
回家之前我必须干完所有的活。
Y ou must first learn to walk before you try to run.
在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。
He had learned English for three years before he went to London.
他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。
提示：
before 从句往往带有否定的含义。
He ran off before I could stop him.
我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。
Take it down before you forget it.
趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。
必背：
before 常用句型It is / was / will be before
It will be five years before we meet again.
五年以后我们才能再见。
It will be not long before you regret what you have done.
不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。
It was not long before I realized I was wrong.
不久我就意识到我错了。
It was minutes before the police arrived.
过了几分钟警察才到。
2．after
after表在一段时间之后。
Let's play football after school is over.
放学后我们踢足球吧。
The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.
暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。
C．till, until
1．Until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到…为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。
We shall wait until / till he comes back.
我们将一直等到他回来。(注意它们的拼写)
Everything went well until/till that accident happened.
直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。
2．Not until/till表示“直到…才”，主句通常要用短暂动词，
I didn't leave until / till she came back.
直到她回来，我才离开的。
Bells don't ring till /until you strike them.
铃不打不响。
People do not know the value of their health till /until they lose it.
人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。
3．当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。
Not until she stopped crying did I leave.
直到她不哭了，我才离开的。
until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。
4．在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。
D．since, ever since
1．since自……以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。
It has been just a week since we arrived here.
我们到这儿刚刚一星期。
Where have you been since I last saw you
自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？
Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.
她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。
有时since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。
Tom is now working on the farm. It's two years since he was a college student.
汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。
2．ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。
Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.
自一九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生得很幸福。
3．since还可以用作副词或介词。
The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent（ever）since.
这只大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。
My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there（ever）since.
我叔叔五十年代就去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。
Y ou have made great achievements in your work since graduation.
你们自毕业以来已经在工作中取得了巨大成就。
E．as soon as
as soon as...可译为“一……就……”，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。
He will come and see you as soon as he can.
他一有空就来看你。
He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.
他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。
“一……就……”还可以用on/upon doing 结构来表示。
On arriving home he called up Lester.
= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.
他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。
F．immediately instantly directly
相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。
They phoned her immediately they reached home.
他一到家马上就给她打了电话。
I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.
我一看见她就把她认出来了。
We came directly we got your telephone.
我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。
G．the moment, the minute, the instant, the second
这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示“一…就…”。
He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home.
他说他一到家就打开电视机。
Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.
告诉他，他一到我就要见他。
The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。
H．hardly scarcely…when , no sooner…than
这两个短语都表示“刚……就……”，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。
He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.
他刚出发就想起家来。
He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.
他刚开始发言，就有人站起来反驳他的论点。
注意：
当hardly, scarcely, no sooner
位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。
Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.
她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。
No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.
地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了。
I．once
once作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。
Once you begin, you must continue.
一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。
J．next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等
Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次你进城一定来看我们。
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.
我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。
Every time I see him he looks miserable.
我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。
The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.
上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。
K．by the time
by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到…时为止”，主句一般要用完成时态。
By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)
I shall have finished my work by the time you return.
在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时)
二、地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。A．where
where “在……地方，去……地方”
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
I found my books where I had left them.
我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。
Y ou'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)
在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。
【误】Y ou should put the book at where it was.
【正】Y ou should put the book where it was.
你应该把书放在原来的地方。
【误】We should go to where we are needed most.
【正】We should go where we are needed most.
我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。
B. wherever
Wherever“在任何……地方，无论哪里”
Wherever you go, you should do your work well.
不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。
Y ou may sit down wherever you like.
你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。
C. everywhere
Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.
他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。
三、原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that等。
A．because
because因为
Because I like it, I do it.
因为我喜欢，所以我才干。
He couldn't have seen me, because I was not there.
他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。
because 和for的区别。
1．for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。
【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.
【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.
由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。
2．for 表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因）The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）
He went to bed early, because he was tired
由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。（直接的理由）
He must be tired, for he went to bed early.
他肯定累了，因为他很早就上了床。（间接的推断）
3．在强调结构It is/was…that和关联词not…but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。
It's because he helped you that I'm prepared to help him.
正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。
He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want
to but because his wife was ill.
他决定放弃出国的机会，不是因为他不想去，而是因为他妻子病了。
B．s ince
since 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.
因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。
Since you are al here, let's try and reach a decision.
既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。
C．as
as 由于。一般多用于句首。
As she was ill, she didn't come to the party.
由于病了，她没来参加晚会。
As he was not well enough, I had to go without him.
由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去了。
As it rained, we all stayed at home.
由于下雨我们都呆在家里。
C．b ecause, since, as 的区别
1．because语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构It is/was…hat 和关联词not but 引导的原因状语从句中，要用because。另外，because还常和副词just, merely等连用。2．since 往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。
3．as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。
Just because he doesn't complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied.
你不可只因他不抱怨就以为他满足了。
Y ou shouldn't get angry only because some people speak ill of you.
你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。
Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.
既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。
As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.
因为你不能回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。
注意：
because等词不能与so连用。
【误】Because he was careless, so he failed in the exam.
【正】Because he was careless, he failed in the exam.
由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。
【正】He was careless, so he failed in the exam.
由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。
E．now that
now that 既然，因为。that可以省略。
Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands.
既然饭已好了，洗手去吧。
Now you mention it again, I do remember.
既然你又提起此事，我倒回想起来了。
F．considering that, seeing that
这两个词和since, now that意思相近，都有鉴于事实，考虑到的意思。
Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。(seeing 后面的that可以省略)
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite good job.
考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。
G．not that…but that
这一结构相当于汉语的不是因为而是因为。
Not that I don't like the film, but that I have no time for it.
不是因我不喜欢看这部电影，而是因为我没有时间看。
状语从句（二）
四、目的状语从句
目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that, so，so that, so…that, in order that等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。A．that, so that，in order that表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。that语气较弱，用的较少，多用so that。Let's take the front seats that we may see more clearly.
我们坐前排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。
Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.
人生存不是为了吃饭，而吃饭是为了生存。
They hurried so that they might not miss the train.
他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。
In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.
为了使在场的每个人都能听清楚，她再次提高了声音。
注意：当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。
We got up early so that we would arrive in time.
为了能及时赶到，我们起得很早。
They hurried so that they might not miss the train.
→ Th ey hurried so as not to miss the train.
他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。
Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer.
→ Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.
贝蒂存钱是为了买一台手提电脑。
B．in case, lest, for fear that
几个短语都表示万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨，带把伞。
五、结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so (that), so that, such…that等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。
A．so, that, so that
这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。What has happened tha you look so worried
发生了什幺事，使你显得如此担心？
I didn't plan the work well, so that/so I didn't finish it in time.
我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。（so that从句常用逗号与主句隔开）
The room was packed with people, so that we couldn't get in.
房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。
C．s o...that so...that 如此……以致……。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：
1．so + 形容词副词+ that-从句
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。
2．so + 形容词+ a/an + 单数名词+ that-从句It was so hot a day that tey all went swimming. 天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了。
He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.
他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以致大家都很激动。
3．so + many few +复数名词+ that-从句I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。
He has so few friend that he often feels lonely.
他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。
4．so + much/little +不可数名词+ that-从句
I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car.
我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。
He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.
昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很不舒服。
5.在so + 形容词副词+ that-从句结构中，如将so + 形容词副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装。So excited was he that she could not say a word.
他很激动，一句话都说不出来。
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
他说得很响，连隔壁的人都能听见。
D．such... that such...that 如此……以致……。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：
1．such + a/an + 形容词+ 单数可数名词+ that-从句
Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.
詹妮是如此聪明的女孩，以至我们都非常喜欢她。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。
2．such + 形容词+复数名词+ that-从句
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.
这些是十分有意思的小说，大家都想看。
3．such + 形容词+ 不可数名词+ that-从句
He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.
他的进步很快，老师表扬了他。
H shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
他关窗子用了那么大的劲，玻璃都碎了。
提示：such+a/an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a/an+单数名词结构互换。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
→ He told us so fu nny a story that we all laughed.
他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事，大家都笑。
→The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.
他给我们讲的故事是如此有趣，大家都笑了。
E．s uch that
such that可以连用，意思是（是）这样...以致。
Mother's answer was such that she didn't say yes and she didn't say no.
妈妈的回答就是这样，既没有同意也没有不同意。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
他勃大怒，以致不能自制。
比较：such ...that ... 引导的是结果状语从句。
such ...as ...引导的是定语从句（请参考第10章定语从句）。
She had such a fright that she fainted.
她吓得昏了过去。
Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage do no happen very often.
很幸运，这种破坏性很大的地震并不经常发生。（关系代词as在定语从句中作主语）
六、条件状语从句。
条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句（见第3章）。引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
A．if if表示正面条件，意为如果。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
If I do not understand what he says, I always ask him.
我不懂他的话时, 总是去问他。（if = when）
比较：
if only和only if的对比。
if only 解释但愿，要是 就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。
only if 解释只有，等于only on condition that，从句用陈述语气。
Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.
只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。
If only I knew!
要是我知道该多好。
B．unless
unless = if not, 表示反面条件，意思是如果不、除非。
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。
（They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain.）
I won't let you in unless you show me your pass.
如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。
（= I won't let you in if you don't show me your pass. ）
if...not和unless通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的：
1．unless多引导真实条件句，if…not可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。
He won't be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.
除非他努力，否则就通过不了期末考试。
He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard.
如果他不努力，就通过不了期末考试。
He would pass the final exams if he worked hard.
要是他努力的话，他就会通过考试。（非真实条件句。含义是He doesn't work hard.）
2．如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，if…not结构不能换成unless。如：I'll be quite glad if she doesn't come this evening.
她今晚如果不来我很高兴。
3．unless引导的状语从句可用否定结构，而if…not引导的从句不可再用否定结构。Don't ask me to explain again unless you really don't understand.
不要再叫我解释了，除非你真的不懂。
4．unless能作为介词使用，相当于except，而if…not不可以。
Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.
这种事除非引起灾祸之外不会有什么结果。
C．so long as, as long as, on condition that
这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是……。
As/So long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。
Y ou may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards.
只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。
D．in case
in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于if it happens that。
In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。
Send s a message in case you have any difficulty.
万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。
E．providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that
这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。
Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)
provided Providing（that）we invite him, he would surely come to dinner.
假如我们邀请他的话，他肯定会来吃饭的。
Suppose/Supposing we can't get enough food, what shall we do
假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？（仅用于疑问句）
七、方式状语从句
方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由as, as if as though等词引导，通常位于主句之。
A．as, just as
这两个连词的意思是如……，正如……一样。just as 比as 语气要强一些。
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
Leave things as they are.
让一切顺其自然。
Please do as you are told.
请按照人家告诉你做的去做。（也可说Please do as told.）
Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.
气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样。
注意：
在口语中，还可用like来代替as，引导一个方式状语从句。
She is doing the work exactly like I want her to.
她正在完全按照我要她的那样在做这项工作。
Do you make bread like you make cakes
你做面包的方法是不是和做点心一样？
B．as if, as though
由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况（见第3章虚拟语气）。
She looks as if she is ill.
看上去她好象是生病了。
The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music.
这孩子弹起钢琴来家好象天生很懂音乐似的。
They talked loudly as if nobody were around.
他们大声说话仿佛周围没人似的。
He acted as if/though nothing had happened
他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
八、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as, than引导。
A．as...as, the same as
用于同等程度级的比较。否定句用not so/as …as, not the same …as。
Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.
我们的国同整个欧洲一样大。
The result was not as/so good as I had expected.
结果不如我预料的那么好。
She works in the same building as my sister.
她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。
B．than
than表示不同程度级的比较
It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.
上海下的雨比北京的多。
He is two inches taller than his father.
= He is taller than his father by two inches.
他比他爸爸高两英寸。
在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉，如果把省略部分补上，而显得累赘或不合乎习惯。
Lily isn't so clever a girl as Lucy is.
莉莉是一个不如露西那样聪明的女孩。（如说成：Lily isn't so clever a girl as Lucy is clever 显得累赘）
The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale.
这孩子歌唱得同夜莺般婉转。
C．the more..., the more...
这是表示比例的比较，意思是越……就越……。第一个the more 也可以看成是一个条件。The more you read, the better you understand.
你看的书越多，你懂得就越多。（= If you read more, you will understand better.）
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙越开心。
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.
问题越困难，我就越可能回答。
必背：
一些常见的倍数比较句型。
His father is double twice his age.
他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。
His father is twice double as old as he (is).
他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。
Our new school is three times bigger than the old one.
我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。
Our new school is four times as big as the old ne.
我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。
Our new school is four times the size of the old one.
我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。
九、让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, etc), even if, even though等词引导。
A．although, though
这两个词意思一样，都解释虽然，尽管。although比though正式。
1．although指事实，多用于句首。多数情况下可与though换用。
Although he is young, he is very clever.
他尽管年轻，但很聪明。
Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pas the exam.
尽管病情妨碍了他学习，但他还是通过了考试。
It was an exciting game, although no goals were scored.
那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。（although也可放在主句之后）
2．though既指事实，又指设想。可用于句首、句中或句末。
Though he is poor, he is happy.
他虽然穷，但很快乐。
I haven't checked the information yet, though I thik it is correct.
我还没有核实这份资料，但我认为它错不了。
My house, though it is large, is also made of stone and wood.
我的房子虽然大，但是也是用石头和木料搭成的。
提示：
有时though= and yet但是，然而，放在句子末尾，前面用逗号。
It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.
那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。
（= It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.）
3．though从句有时可以倒装，将从句中的一部分提置句首。（详见第13章）
Child though he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他懂得的东西却很多。
（=Although he is a child, he knows a lot.）
Strange though it may look, it is true.
尽管看起来奇怪，但是却是真的。
(= Though it looks strange, it is true.)
注意：
although, though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用。Although Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.
尽管他责怪我，但我还是愿意信任他。
Though he was hungry, still he would not eat.
尽管他饿了，但是他仍然不想吃。
B．even if, even though
这两个词语气比though, although强，解释即使，两者可以通用。
We won't be discouraged even if though we fail ten times.
我们就是失败十次也不泄气。
Even if though you fail, you will have gained experience.
纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。
C．while, whereas
这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.
有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。
D．no matter (who, what, where, when, etc)
这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。
This is not true, no matter who says so.
不管谁这么说，都不对。
Do it no matter what others say.
不管别人怎么说，尽管干。
No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
E．however, whatever, whenever, wherever
这些词在意思上和用法上都等于no matter how what
Whatever happens may happen, we shall never lose hope.
无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。（有时从句中的动词与may连用）However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I'll take it.
无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。
Don't let them in, whoever (=no matter who) they are.
不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。
F．whether...or (not) ...
whether...or (not) ...意思是不管……还是……。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 不管你信不信，这是真的。
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as planned.
不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。
提示：
也可直接用or来连接两个相同结构来表示让步。
Walking or sleeping, she always has the question in her mind.
无论走路还是睡觉，她总是想着这个问题。
G．as
连词as，同though一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。
Y oung as he is, he knows a lot.
他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(= Though he is young, he .)
Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。
H．if
if 有时也可用于让步状语从句，相当于even if。
If he is poor, he is at least honest.
尽管他穷，但至少他很诚实。
We'll go if it rains.
即使下雨我们也要去。
I'll do it if I die in the attempt.
即使会丧命我也要试一下。
注意：
有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。Look out for cars when crossing the street.
过街时当心车辆。
(= when you are crossing the street)
She hurriedly left the room as though angry.
她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。
(= as though/if she was were angry )
If possible, I'd like to have two copies of it.
可能的话，我想要两本。(= if it is possible, )
She advised me not o say anything unless asked.
她劝我别说什么，除非有人要我说。
(= unless I was asked )
As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.
他年轻时就学了法律，并当了律师。
(= As When he was a young man, )
(完整)高中英语-状语从句练习题及答案详解
状语从句练习题 1.I had been looking for the book for two days____ I found it at last. a.until b. when c. before d. while 2.He punished his students ____ they did anything wrong. a.however b. whenever c. whatever d. whichever 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a.until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a.before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a.than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can’t watch TV ____ you’ve finished your homework. a.since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a.before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9.____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10.They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang.
高中英语语法讲义——名词
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
高中英语语法_状语从句练习30题及详解
1. Tim is in good shape physically ________ he does n't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. uni ess D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school duri ng the day, _____ accompa nied by an adult. A. once B. whe n C. if D. uni ess 3. ___ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem 4. Because of the heavy traffic , it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office . A . si nee B .that C . when D . until - 】Joh n thinks it won 't be long he is ready for his new job. A. whe n B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. whe n B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. whe n B. while C. after D. since 8. My pare nts don ' t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can ' t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unl ess 11. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. whe n C. which D. since 12. ___ u nemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 13. — Did you return Fred ' s call? 16. __________ in the fields on a March after noon , he could feel the warmth of spri ng. A . To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 17. Na ncy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A.that B.which C.whe n D.where 18. You ' d better not leave the medici ne kids can get at it. A.eve n if B.which C.where D.so that 19. I won ' t call you , ________________ something unexpected happens. A.u nless B.whether C.because D.while 20. — Where' s that report? A. Before B. Where C. U nless D. Until —I didn ' t need to I ' ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unl ess 14. _I ' m sorry you ' ve been waiting so long , Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till C. whe n D. because but it ' ll still be some time _____ D. after 15. We ll have a picnic in the park this Sun day ____ ____ it rains or it ' s very cold. A.si nee B. if C. unl ess D. un til
高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(9)被动语态知识点整理总结(含练习与解析)
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语状语从句100题
状语从句暑假练习一 1.___ hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work successfully. A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever 2.We have to be patient. It will be some time ___ we get the full result. A. since B. that C. before D. after 3.She lied to us ___ she had to ___ a job. A. what; to get B. because; get C. because; in order get D. all; get 4.I was about to go out ___ the telephone rang. A. then B. when C. suddenly D. so 5.This equipment is so old ___ it can’t be used any more ___ some o f its parts are changed. A. as; unless B. that; unless C. that; if D. whether; or 6.I’ll tell you the result of the test ___ I know it. A. because B. the moment C. though D. for 7.You can’t go out to play ___ you finish your homework. A. if B. because C. unless D. when 8.I was late today ___ there was something wrong with my bike. A. since B. as long as C. because D. when 9.You can’t waste natural resources ___ you have much of them. A. as if B. even if C. when D. if 10.Please speak clearly ___ we can follow you. A. s o…that B. so C. so as to D. so that 11.___ you have made a decision, don’t change it frequently. A. Once B. Before C. While D. Even if 12.He used to tell children the story ___ he had had the experience. A. as though B. even if C. even though D. like 13.He came to help us ___ he had plenty of work to do. A. as B. while C. although D. whenever 14.___, he knows how to live and study. A. A child as he is B. As he is a child C. Child as he is D. Though he is child 15.We found people friendly ___ we went. A. to which B. in which C. wherever D. to where 16.___ the weather is fine, I’ll open all the windows. A. Now that B. Since that C. Because of D. For 17.It was ___ he couldn’t finish it by himself. A. so difficult a work as B. such a difficult work as C. so difficult work as D. such difficult work that 18.___ I know, this book will be used as a text book. A. So far as B. So far C. So long as D. As to 19.He had disappeared in the darkness ___ I saw who he was. A. before B. after C. till D. while 20.We’ll build a power station ___ water resour ces are plentiful. A. where B. in which C. which D. that 21.___ we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
高中英语语法状语从句归纳总结
状语从句一． 二．分类：
adv.+that （如此……以致） so that （结果……） such+n.+that （如果……以致） that （所以，因此） 让步状语从句： though/although 不可同but 连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if （即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时） 比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as （和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than （比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级 （越……越……） 条件状语从句： if （假设） unless （如果不） so long as （只要） on condition that （如果） 方式状语从句： as （像……那样地） just as （正像） as if （好像） as though （好像） 三． 四． 各种状语从句的简化方法：
1． 2．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth. 作状语。 例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house．= After singing，she left the rich man's house．3． 4．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。 例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village． 5． 6．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。 例：She stopped when she saw her husband．= She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 7． 8．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。 例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further． I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．9． 10．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car． 11．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。 例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English． 注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。 例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． 12．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。 例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited． If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．
(完整word版)高中英语状语从句用法详细解析
高中英语状语从句用法详细解析 一、定义： 在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。 二、分类 根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句 三、时间状语从句 （一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：as, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once. （二）、“as” as, when, while都有“当……的时候”，可以互用When she was a child. While she was a child. She Lived in Paris. As she was a child. as有“一边…一边”的意思 He sang as he walked. “when” When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. I was sleeping when she came in. 动补 When we arrived at the station, the train had left. “while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。 While we were having supper, all the lights went out. Please keep quiet while others are studying. While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. when, while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在……的时候”, while意反而，可是，表示转折。
高考英语语法复习讲义：语法总结全集
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
高中英语语法讲义——特殊句式
高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He di dn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect. 三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though he was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.
高中英语状语从句讲解
高中状语从句讲解+练习 状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately , directly, every time, the day，no sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely …when （1）Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到就告诉他我要见他。 （2）The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. The moment he saw me, he ran away. 他一看见我，就跑了。 He said he’d call you the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就给你打电话 （3）The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant. （4）Immediately you begin to speak, he gives you his full attention.你只要一开始说话，他就全神贯注地听。 （5）My sister came directly she got my message. 我妹妹一收到我的信息就来了。 （6）Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. （7）no sooner... than... ，"一...就..." ，引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,"than"后面的从句用一般过去时.(从这里可以知道,no sooner后面是主句;than后面是从句) 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来 No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. （8）He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.他刚坐下电话就响了。 He had scarcely sat down when there was a knock at the door. 他刚坐下就有人敲门 另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构。如： Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我刚吃完他就进来了。 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. She was standing exactly where you are standing now那时他就站在你现在站的地方。 Stay where you are.呆在原地别动。 Wherever you go, you should work hard. Sit anywhere you like 随便坐吧 3．原因状语从句
(完整版)高中英语语法专项训练.--状语从句
高中英语语法专项训练----状语从句 1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.