材料专业英语词汇资料列表

专业词汇列表

晶体结构（structure of crystal）原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu)

原子量Atomic weight键能Bonding energy

共价键Covalent bond电子构型electronic configuration

正电的Electropositive氢键Hydrogen bond

同位素Isotope摩尔Mole

泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle原子atom

分子量molecule weight量子数quantum number

范德华键van der waals bond点群point group各向异性anisotropy

体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC)布拉格定律bragg’s law晶体结构crystal structure

晶体的crystalline中子衍射neutron diffraction晶界grain boundary

鲍林规则Pauling’s rulesCsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure

纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure萤石型结构Fluorite structure

尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure岛状结构Island structure层状结构Layer structure

滑石talc高岭石kaolinite长石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice

密勒指数miller indices多晶的polycrystalline原子数Atomic number

波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model库仑力Coulombic force分子的构型molecular configuration负电的Electronegative基态Ground state离子键Ionic bond金属键Metallic bond

分子Molecule元素周期表Periodic table极性分子Polar molecule

价电子valence electron电子轨道electron orbitals对称要素symmetry elements

原子堆积因数atomic packing factor(APF)面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC)

配位数coordination number晶系crystal system衍射diffraction

电子衍射electron diffraction六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed (HCP)

NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure

金红石型结构Rutile structure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure

硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates链状结构Chain structure

架状结构Framework structure叶蜡石pyrophyllite

石英quartz美橄榄石forsterite各向异性的anisotropy

晶格参数lattice parameters非结晶的noncrystalline多晶形polymorphism

单晶single crystal电位electron states电子electrons金属键metallic bonding

极性分子polar molecules衍射角diffraction angle粒度,晶粒大小grain size

显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmission electron microscope (TEM)

四方的tetragonal配位数coordination number晶胞unit cell(化合)价valence

共价键covalent bonding离子键Ionic bonding原子面密度atomic planar density

合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanning electron microscope (SEM) 重量百分数weight percent单斜的monoclinic晶体结构缺陷(defect of crystal structure) 缺陷defect, imperfection线缺陷line defect, dislocation体缺陷volume defect

位错线dislocation line螺位错screw dislocation晶界grain boundaries

小角度晶界tilt boundary,位错阵列dislocation array位错轴dislocation axis

位错爬移dislocation climb位错滑移dislocation slip位错裂纹dislocation crack

位错密度dislocation density间隙原子interstitial atom间隙位置interstitial sites

弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder主晶相the host lattice缔合中心Associated Centers.

电子空穴Electron Holes克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation

固溶体solid solution化合物compound

置换固溶体substitutional solid solution不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution

有序固溶体ordered solid solution固溶强化solid solution strengthening

点缺陷point defect面缺陷interface defect位错排列dislocation arrangement

刃位错edge dislocation混合位错mixed dislocation大角度晶界high-angle grain boundaries 孪晶界twin boundaries位错气团dislocation atmosphere位错胞dislocation cell

位错聚结dislocation coalescence位错核心能量dislocation core energy

位错阻尼dislocation damping原子错位substitution of a wrong atom

晶格空位vacant lattice sites杂质impurities肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder

错位原子misplaced atoms自由电子Free Electrons

伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutral atom

固溶度solid solubility间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution

金属间化合物intermetallics转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution

无序固溶体disordered solid solution取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions

过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric compound 表面结构与性质(structure and property of surface)表面surface

同相界面homophase boundary

晶界grain boundary

小角度晶界low angle grain boundary

共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary

错配度mismatch

重构reconstuction

表面能surface energy

扭转晶界twist grain boundary

共格界面coherent boundary

非共格界面noncoherent boundary

应变能strain energy

惯习面habit plane

界面interface

异相界面heterophase boundary

表面能surface energy

大角度晶界high angle grain boundary

晶界迁移grain boundary migration

驰豫relaxation

表面吸附surface adsorption

倾转晶界titlt grain boundary

倒易密度reciprocal density

半共格界面semi-coherent boundary

界面能interfacial free energy

晶体学取向关系crystallographic orientation

非晶态结构与性质(structure and property of uncrystalline) 熔体结构structure of melt

玻璃态vitreous state

粘度viscosity

介稳态过渡相metastable phase

淬火quenching

玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 过冷液体supercooling melt

软化温度softening temperature

表面张力Surface tension

组织constitution

退火的softened

体积收缩volume shrinkage

扩散(diffusion)

活化能activation energy

浓度梯度concentration gradient

菲克第二定律Fick’s second law

稳态扩散steady state diffusion

扩散系数diffusion coefficient

填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism

短路扩散short-circuit diffusion

下坡扩散Downhill diffusion

扩散通量diffusion flux

菲克第一定律Fick’s first law

材料专业英语常见词汇

材料专业英语常见词汇（一） Structure ['str?kt??]组织 Ceramic [si'r?mik]陶瓷 Ductility [d?k'til?ti] 塑性 Stiffness ['stifnis]刚度 Grain [ɡrein]晶粒 Phase [feiz]相 Unit cell 单胞 Bravais lattice 布拉菲['l?tis]布拉菲点阵 Stack [st?k]堆垛 Crystal ['krist?l] 晶体 Metallic crystal structure [mi't?lik, me-]金属性晶体点阵Non-directional [,n?ndi'rek??n?l, -dai-]无方向性 Face-centered cubic ['kju:bik]面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方Hexagonal close-packed [hek's?ɡ?n?l]['kl?us'p?kt]密排六方Copper ['k?p?] 铜 Aluminum [?'lju:min?m]铝 Chromium ['kr?umj?m]铬 Tungsten ['t??st?n]钨 Crystallographic Plane [,krist?l?u'ɡr?fik][plein]晶面Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property ['pr?p?ti] 性质 Miller indices ['indisi:z]米勒指数 Lattice parameters ['l?tis][p?'r?mit?]点阵参数 Tetragonal [te'tr?ɡ?n?l]四方的 Hexagonal [hek's?ɡ?n?l]六方的 Orthorhombic [,?:θ?'r?mbik]正交的Rhombohedra [,r?mb?u'hi:dr?] 菱方的 Monoclinic [,m?n?u'klinik]单斜的 Prism ['prizm]棱镜 Cadmium ['k?dmi?m]镉 Coordinate system [k?u'?:dinit, k?u'?:dineit]坐标系Point defect ['di:fekt, di'f-, di'fekt]点缺陷Lattice ['l?tis]点阵 Vacancy ['veik?nsi]空位 Solidification [,s?lidifi'kei??n]结晶 Interstitial [,int?'sti??l]间隙 Substitution [,s?bsti'tju:??n]置换 Solid solution strengthening [s?'lju:??n]['stre?θ?n, 'stre?kθ?n] 固溶强化

材料专业英语词汇

材料专业必备英语词汇编号中文英文 1 设计design 2 性能properties 3 温度temperature 4 应用application 5 工艺process 6 焊接welding 7 应力stress 8 腐蚀corrosion 9 强度strength 10 合金alloys 11 组织microstructure 12 参数parameters 13 激光laser 14 变形deformation 15 加工machining 16 热处理heat 17 模拟simulation 18 机床machine 19 材料material 20 不锈钢stainless 21 金属metal 22 涂层coating 23 力学性能mechanical 24 硬度hardness 25 铝合金alloy 26 疲劳fatigue 27 机理mechanism 28 数控nc 29 轧制rolling 30 模具die 31 软件software 32 铸造casting 33 高温temperature 34 铸铁iron 35 成形forming 36 切削cutting 37 裂纹crack 38 轧机mill 39 应变strain 40 断裂fracture 41 晶粒grain 42 有限finite 43 精度precision 44 耐磨wear 45 冷却cooling 46 误差error 47 磨损wear 48 凝固solidification 49 数值numerical 50 有限元finite 51 工艺参数parameters 52 磨削grinding 53 设备equipment 54 仿真simulation 55 计算机computer 56 寿命life 57 刀具tool 58 韧性toughness 59 显微组织microstructure 60 焊缝weld 61 氧化oxidation 62 厚度thickness 63 镁合金magnesium 64 优化optimization 65 残余residual 66 形状shape 67 奥氏体austenite 68 摩擦friction 69 淬火quenching 70 退火annealing

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.

材料专业英语常见词汇

材料专业英语常见词汇（一Structure 组织Ceramic 陶瓷Ductility 塑性Stiffness 刚度Grain 晶粒Phase 相Unit cell 单胞Bravais lattice 布拉菲点阵Stack 堆垛Crystal 晶体Metallic crystal structure 金属性晶体点阵 Non-directional 无方向性Face-centered cubic 面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方 Hexagonal close-packed 密排六方 Copper 铜Aluminum 铝Chromium 铬 Tungsten 钨Crystallographic Plane 晶面 Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property 性质 Miller indices 米勒指数Lattice parameters 点阵参数Tetragonal 四方的Hexagonal 六方的Orthorhombic 正交的Rhombohedra 菱方的Monoclinic 单斜的Prism 棱镜Cadmium 镉 Coordinate system 坐Point defec点缺陷 Lattice 点阵 Vacancy 空位Solidification 结晶Interstitial 间隙Substitution 置换Solid solution strengthening 固溶强化Diffusion 扩散Homogeneous 均匀的Diffusion Mechanisms 扩散机制Lattice distortion 点阵畸变Self-diffusion 自扩散Fick’s First Law菲克第一定律 Unit time 单位时间Coefficient 系数Concentration gradient 浓度梯度Dislocations 位错Linear defect 线缺陷Screw dislocation 螺型位错Edge dislocation 刃型位错Vector 矢量Loop 环路Burgers’vector柏氏矢量Perpendicular 垂直于Surface defect 面缺陷Grain boundary 晶界Twin boundary 晶界 Shear force 剪应力Deformation 变形Small ( or low) angel grain boundary 小角度晶界Tilt boundary 倾斜晶界Supercooled 过冷的Solidification 凝固Ordering process 有序化过程Crystallinity 结晶度Microstructure 纤维组织Term 术语Phase Diagram 相图Equilibrium 平衡Melt 熔化Cast 浇注Crystallization 结晶Binary Isomorphous Systems 二元匀晶相图Soluble 溶解Phase Present 存在相Locate 确定Tie line 连接线Isotherm 等温线Concentration 浓度Intersection 交点The Lever Law 杠杆定律Binary Eutectic System 二元共晶相图Solvus Line 溶解线Invariant 恒定Isotherm 恒温线Cast Iron 铸铁Ferrite 珠光体Polymorphic transformation 多晶体转变Austenite 奥氏体Revert 回复Intermediate compound 中间化合物Cementite 渗碳体Vertical 垂线Nonmagnetic 无磁性的Solubility 溶解度Brittle 易脆的Eutectic 共晶Eutectoid invariant point 共析点Phase transformation 相变Allotropic 同素异形体Recrystallization 再结晶Metastable 亚稳的Martensitic transformation 马氏体转变Lamellae 薄片Simultaneously 同时存在Pearlite 珠光体Ductile 可塑的Mechanically 机械性能Hypo eutectoid 过共析的Particle 颗粒Matrix 基体Proeutectoid 先共析Hypereutectoid 亚共析的Bainite 贝氏体Martensite 马氏体Linearity 线性的Stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线Proportional limit 比例极限Tensile strength 抗拉强度Ductility 延展性Percent reduction in area 断面收缩率Hardness 硬度Modulus of Elasticity 弹性模量Tolerance 公差Rub 摩擦Wear 磨损Corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性Aluminum 铝Zinc 锌Iron ore 铁矿Blast furnace 高炉Coke 焦炭Limestone 石灰石Slag 熔渣Pig iron 生铁Ladle 钢水包Silicon 硅Sulphur 硫Wrought 可锻的Graphite 石墨Flaky 片状Low-carbon steels 低碳钢Case hardening 表面硬化Medium-carbon steels 中碳钢Electrode 电极As a rule 通常Preheating 预热Quench 淬火Body-centered lattice 体心晶格

工程材料常用词汇表(中英文)

工程材料常用词汇表 A 奥氏体 austenite 奥氏体本质晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size 奥氏体化 austenitization, austenitii zing B 白口铸铁 white cast iron 白铜 white brass, copper-nickel alloy 板条马氏体 lath martensite 棒材 bar 包晶反应 peritectic reaction 薄板 thin sheet 薄膜技术 thin film technique 贝氏体 bainite 本质晶粒度 inherent grain size 比强度 strength-to-weight ratic 变质处理 inoculation, modification 变质剂 modifying agent,modificator 表面处理 surface treatment 表面粗糙度 surface roughness 表面淬火 surface quenching 表面腐蚀 surface corrosion 表面硬化 surface hardening 玻璃 glass 玻璃态 vitreous state, glass state 玻璃钢 glass fiber reinforced plastics 玻璃纤维 glass fiber 不可热处理的 non-heat-treatable 不锈钢 stainless steel 布氏硬度 Brinell hardness C 材料强度 strength ofmaterial

残余奥氏体residual austenite 残余变形 residual deformation 残余应力 residual stress 层状珠光体 lamellar pearlite 超导金属 superconducting metal 成核 nucleate, nucleation 成形forming, shaping 成长 growth, growing 磁材料magnetic materials 冲击韧性 impact toughness 纯铁 pure iron 粗晶粒 coarse grain 脆性 brittleness 脆性断裂 brittle fracture 淬火 quenching, quench 淬透性 hardenability 淬硬性 hardenability D 带材 baud, strip 单晶 single crystal, unit crystal 单体 monomer, element 氮化层 nitration case 氮化物 nitride 刀具 cutting tool 导磁性 magnetic conductivity 导电性 electric conductivity 导热性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity 导体 conductor 等离子堆焊 plasma surfacing 等离子弧喷涂 plasma spraying 等离子增强化学气相沉积 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) 等温转变曲线 isothermal transformation curve 低合金钢 low alloy steel 低碳钢 low carbon steel

英语词汇学知识点归纳

英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology（词汇学）: is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology： English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to： English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论） and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology： According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years（3）some of the difference were creates by the early scribes（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary（词汇）: all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words： By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock（基本词汇）: is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character（全民通用性most important） 2)Stability（相对稳定性） 3)Productivity（多产性） 4)Polysemy（多义性） 5)Collocability（可搭配性）没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon（行话） (3)slang（俚语） (4)Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms（古语） (7) Neologisms（新词语）:Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words（本族语词）: known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use

材料专业英语词汇-1

化学元素（elements）化学元素，简称元素，是化学元素周期表中的基本组成，现有113种元素，其中原子序数从93到113号的元素是人造元素。物质(matter) 物质是客观实在，且能被人们通过某种方式感知和了解的东西,是元素的载体。材料(materials) 材料是能为人类经济地、用于制造有用物品的物质。超导(Superconduct) 物质在某个温度下电阻为零的现象为超导，我们称具有超导性质的材料为超导体。材料科学(materials science) 材料科学是一门科学，它从事于材料本质的发现、分析方面的研究，它的目的在于提供材料结构的统一描绘，或给出模型，并解释这种结构与材料的性能之间的关系。材料工程(materials engineering) 材料工程属技术的范畴，目的在于采用经济的、而又能为社会所接受的生产工艺、加工工艺控制材料的结构、性能和形状以达到使用要求。材料科学与工程(materials science and engineering) 材料科学与工程是研究有关材料的成份、结构和制造工艺与其性能和使用性能间相互关系的知识及这些知识的应用，是一门应用基础科学。材料的成份、结构，制造工艺，性能及使用性能被认为是材料科学与工程的四个基本要素。成份(composition) 成分是指材料的化学组成及其所占比例。组织、结构(morphology 、structure) 组织结构是表示材料微观特征的。组织是相的形态、分布的图象，其中用肉眼和放大镜观察到的为宏观组织，用显微镜观察到的为显微组织，用电子显微镜观察到的为电子显微组织。结构是指材料中原子或分子的排列方式。性能（property）性能是指材料所具有的性质与效用。工艺(process) 工艺是将原材料或半成品加工成产品的方法、技术等。使用性能(performance) 材料在具体的使用条件和环境下所表现出来的行为。

《英语词汇学》复习资料

《英语词汇学》复习资料1 Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words. 1.The 1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. 3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach. 4.“Mal-”in “maltreat”is a 4 prefix, while “inter-”in “interstate”is a 5 prefix. 5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of 6 endings, and a language of 7 endings. 6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. 7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later has two components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning. 8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or 12 . 9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation. 10.14 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. 11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can hardly understand it. 12.“Pretty”and “handsome”share the same 16 meaning，but differ in 17 meaning. 13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components which are also known as semantic features.. 14.Radiation and 19 are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy. 15.20 deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true”and F for “false”. 1.Homonyms are descendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word

材料专业英文词汇

材料专业英文词汇（全）来源：李硕的日志化学元素（elements）化学元素，简称元素，是化学元素周期表中的基本组成，现有113种元素，其中原子序数从93到113号的元素是人造元素。物质(matter) 物质是客观实在，且能被人们通过某种方式感知和了解的东西,是元素的载体。材料(materials) 材料是能为人类经济地、用于制造有用物品的物质。化学纤维(man-made fiber, chemical fiber) 化学纤维是用天然的或合成的高聚物为原料，主要经过化学方法加工制成的纤维。可分为再生纤维、合成纤维、醋酯纤维、无机纤维等。芯片（COMS chip）芯片是含有一系列电子元件及其连线的小块硅片，主要用于计算机和其他电子设备。光导纤维（optical waveguide fibre）光以波导方式在其中传输的光学介质材料，简称光纤。激光(laser) （light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation简写为：laser）激光是利用辐射计发光放大原理而产生的一种单色（单频率）、定向性好、干涉性强、能量密度高的光束。超导(Superconduct) 物质在某个温度下电阻为零的现象为超导，我们称具有超导性质的材料为超导体。仿生材料(biomimetic matorials) 仿生材料是模仿生物结构或功能，人为设计和制造的一类材料。材料科学(materials science) 材料科学是一门科学，它从事于材料本质的发现、分析方面的研究，它的目的在于提供材料结构的统一描绘，或给出模型，并解释这种结构与材料的性能之间的关系。材料工程(materials engineering) 材料工程属技术的范畴，目的在于采用经济的、而又能为社会所接受的生产工艺、加工工艺控制材料的结构、性能和形状以达到使用要求。材料科学与工程(materials science and engineering) 材料科学与工程是研究有关材料的成份、结构和制造工艺与其性能和使用性能间相互关系的知识及这些知识的应用，是一门应用基础科学。材料的成份、结构，制造工艺，性能及使用性能被认为是材料科学与工程的四个基本要素。

材料专业英语词汇

A a-grain 高铝颗粒 specification 的规范abbe number or abbe value 阿贝值 abbe refractometer 阿贝折射计 abbertite 黑沥青 ablation 耗损 ablative shielding 剥落，散热性屏蔽(太空) abnormal setting 异常凝结 abnormal steel 异常钢 abradant 摩擦剂 Abram's law 亚伯姆定律 Abrams method of proportioning 阿不伦氏配合方法abrasion 磨耗 abrasion cutting 磨切 abrasion resistance 耐磨抗力 abrasion test 磨耗试验 abrasive 研磨剂，磨料 abrasive belt 研磨带 abrasive brick 研磨砖 abrasive cloth 研磨布，砂布 abrasive disc 金刚砂研磨盘 abrasive grain 研磨粒 abrasive grains 研磨粒 abrasive hardness 耐磨硬度 abrasive paper 砂纸 abrasive paper 磨擦纸 abrasive stone 磨石 abrasive tool 磨具 abrasive wheel 砂轮，磨轮 abros 阿伯罗期1-一种抗腐蚀合金88% Ni；10%Cr；2%Mn) absolute temperature 绝对温度 absorber1 中子吸收材料2 动能吸收材料(如铅，金属，蜂巢，塑胶泡沫等) absorption 吸着 absorption band 吸收带 absorption coefficient 吸收系数 absorption edge 吸收限 absorption limit 吸收限 absorption test 吸收率试验absorption-type inhibitor (inhibiter)吸着型(腐蚀)抑制剂 Abyssinian gold 阿比西尼亚金88% Cu,%Zn,%Au AC parametric test/AC testAC 参数试验/交流测试 AC test 交流测试 accelerated aging 加速老化(橡胶) accelerated cement 速凝水泥 accelerated gum 速成胶 acceleration 自旋马达之加速度特性 acceleration factor 加速因数 acceleration tube 加速管 acceleration voltage 加速电压 accelerator 催速剂；加速器 acceptable wafer size 适用晶圆尺寸 acceptor 受素；受体 acceptor impurity 受素不纯物 acceptor level1 受素能阶2 受者能阶 accessory mineral 附生矿物 accommodation kink 缓和节 accumulate/accumulation 累积加算 accumulator metal 蓄电合金(90% Pb, %Sn, %Sb) accuracy 精度 accuracy test 精度试验 acetone 丙酮 acetylene 乙炔 acetylene tetrabromide 四溴化乙炔 Acheson furnace 艾其逊炉(制碳化矽用电弧炉) Acheson process 艾其逊法(用电弧炉制碳化矽) acicular cast iron 针状铸体 acicular powder 针状粉末 acicular structure 针状组织 acid Bessemer converter 酸性柏思麦转炉 acid Bessemer process 酸性柏思麦法 acid Bessemer steel 柏思麦钢 acid brick 酸性砖 acid brittleness 酸洗脆性 acid bronze 耐酸青铜 acid dip 酸浸 acid earth 酸性土 acid electric arc furnace 酸性电弧炉 acid electric furnace 酸性电炉 acid embossing 酸刻

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第五章词汇： reference n.所指 Concept n.概念 identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的 Motivation 理据 Onomatopoeic 拟声的 echoic 拟声的 morphological 形态的 opaque adj. 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的 literal adj. 文字的；逐字的；无夸张的 figurative 形态的 associations 联想 Etymological 词源 monogamous 单配的 constant adj. 不变的 indeterminate 不确定的 archaic 旧的 Interjections 感叹词 overlaps n. 重叠部分 revealed v. 透露要点：一. 1.Reference –the relationship between language and the world.(cat,"she""annimal"ect.) ｛The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is a rbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction. Although reference is abstract，yet with the help of context， it can refer to something specific. ｝

2.Concept–which beyond language, is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It isn’t affected by language. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. Meaning belongs to language，so is restricted to language use. A concept can have as many referring expressions as there are language in the world. 3.Sense – (the meaning of meaning.) denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language. It is also abstraction. 二.Motivation-accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mean ing. English does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent. Most words are non-motivated. The connection of the sign and meaning dose not have a logical explanation. 1.Onomatopoeic Motivation – the words whose sounds suggest their meaning. （Indicate the relationship between sound and meaning）. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. These words we created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. (For example，bang，ping-pang，crow by cocks，etc. ) Such echoic words are also conventional for the sounds we say in English may not be the same in other language.

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