2020年成人高考高起点《英语》辅导：语法知识

较熟练地掌握下列各项语法知识并能在语言使用中借助这些知识

实行语言交际。

词法部分：名词的种类、数和所有格;冠词、代词的基本用

法;“it”作引导词、非人称代词和在强调句型中的用法;数词、形容

词和副词的基本用法;动词的种类、时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词的

基本用法;常用介词和连词。

句法部分：句子的种类——陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹旬、

并列句、复合句;句子成分——主语、谓语、表语、宾语、直接宾语和

间接宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语;倒装结构;简单句的五种基本句型;主谓的一致关系。

语法知识题是成人高考英语试题的固定题型。大纲要求考生能记

住大纲规定的语法知识;能准确使用语法知识，恰当理解使用中的各种

语言现象;能够使用大纲规定的各类语言知识，整体理解不同形式的语篇;能够在特定的语境中比较得体和连贯地表达自已的意思;能够有效

地识别语篇中的明显错误。成人高考英语试题中的阅读理解、完形填空、补全对话和书面表达四个题型都属于基本语言应用水平的考查。

因为篇幅所限，不再赘述。

根据1987年至现在语法知识题的走向分析，1990年以前的试题有相当一部分单纯考查语法知识，而近几年的试题，在考查语法知识的

同时，注意到了知识的覆盖面，设计了特定的、较为真实的语言情景，综合考查考生在一定的语境中使用语言知识的水平。绝大部分试题都

有明确的语境没置，单靠死背语法规则很难选出答案。所以我们将近

几年语法知识的考核界定在理解层次上。这并不是不要记忆，而是要

求考生在记忆的基础上能够恰当理解使用中的各种语占现象，反过来

再加深对语法知识的记忆。

展望明年的试题，知识覆盖面将会更宽，内容跨度更大;更增强调

语境的作用，增大对语言水平的检测力度;更增强调交际英语的应用;

仍然会以动词考查为重点，对不定代词、连词、定语从句、情态动词

等的考查力度不会减弱;可能以新的角度考查以前没考过的知识点。

针对成人高考语法知识题的特点，考生在复习时，除了必须牢记

语法规则外，还应有所侧重。此外，增强系统性，弄清各语法知识点

之间的有机联系也是至关重要的。

我们建议以动词为突破口，将其他知识点归拢在动词周围，增强

针对性，减少盲目性。具体做法是：(1)清

楚地掌握动词的种类(系动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词)。

复习时，列举出常用的系动词及其搭配;列举出常用情态动词，注意用

法区别;列举出助动词，说明每个助动词的具体用法;列举出常见的不

及物动词，一般及物动词，双宾语及物动词和复合及物动词;弄清及物

动词后接宾语的种种情况;重点放在那些兼做及物和不及物动词的词上。

(2)根据动词的分类，直接与五个基本句型连在一起，搞清句型与动词

分类之间的关系。(3)由基本句型归纳总结出句子的主要成分(主语和

谓语)，连带成分(宾语、表语、补足语)和修饰成分(定语和状语)。

(4)弄懂谓语动词的四种基本变化(主谓一致、时态、语态和语气)。

(5)在掌握句子成分时，穿插复习名词(性、数、格)、代词(种类、基

本用法)、数词、介词、冠词、形容词和副词(原级、比较级和级)。(6)复习句子的种类，掌握句子的扩充手段：④增加并列成分(并列主语、

并列谓语、并列宾语、并列表语、并列句等);②增加修饰成分(定语和

状语)，穿插主谓分割，主语的替代和省略，句子的倒装;③以词组(名

词词组、形容词词组、短语动词等)、短语(介词短语、不定式短语、

动名词短语和分词短语)或从句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)充

当句子成分。(7)熟悉英语习惯用法和词语搭配。(8)其他知识点。这

样以动词为龙头，将大纲要求的语法知识点有机地串在一起，复习时

能够做到有条不紊、省时省力。

最后，按大纲所给知识点顺序，研究历届成人高考试题。找出其规律性的东西，摸清命题思路和设问角度，从而做到心中有数，切记不要陷入题海之中，只要按大纲要求，掌握大纲规定的词汇和基本语法知识，再加以有针对性的复习，肯定会收到事半功倍的效果。

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