长难句理解技巧(技巧总结)

长难句理解技巧

题型介绍

高考英语出现了很多难句，并且这些难句主要是长难句。长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。

解题技巧

句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。但不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。

我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可以跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

带有较多成分的简单句:去枝叶，留主干

Schools across China(介词短语作定语) are expected to hire 50,000 college(定语) graduates this year(时间状语) as short-term teachers（介词短语做状语）, almost three times the number（同位语）hired last year(过去分词短语作定语), to help reduce unemployment pressures(目的状语). 含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词, 分析从句, 理解句意。

Whereas(引导状语从句表对比) a woman’s closes t female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that（引导宾语从句）he didn’t know that （引导宾语从句内的宾语从句）his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until （引导时间状语从句）he appeared one night asking if（引导非谓语所带宾语从句）he could sleep on the sofa.

含有插入语的句子：忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题.

The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)（插入成分）—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.

成分省略：把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分

The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will(省略了will pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males).

1. 跳读插入语

The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.

2. 跳读非谓语动词短语

In their skins, corals have tiny plants which act as “dustmen”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe.

3. 跳读分隔现象

Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.

4. 跳读定语从句

If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.

真题再现

1. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.

2. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.

3. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.

4. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theory had baffled（难住）and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Polytechnique（伊科尔理工学院）.

5. Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.

6. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.

7. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.

8. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.

9. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.

10. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.

1. 句子虽长，主干结构为系表结构it wasn’t unusual。Whereas a woman’s closest female friend…引导让步状语从句。it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式结构to hear a man….。句中还含有not…until结构。句意为：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻；而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这种情况是很常见的。

2. 整个句子是由but连接的并列句。but之前的部分含有if引导的条件状语从句。but之后的部分含有过去分词短语com pared to…。but前后的两个分句都含有who引导的定语从句。句意：如果你让人说出一个对英语影响最大的人，你可能会得到诸如莎士比亚、塞缪尔·约翰逊、韦伯斯特等答案。但是跟一个甚至不说英语的人——征服者威廉——来比较，这些人的影响就不值一提了。

3. 这个句子之所以复杂，是因为在直接引语中用到了大量的定语以及同位语结构。句意：图书管理员詹姆士·格林告诉《美国图书馆》杂志：这个偶然的发现结束了一个由费城图书馆公司进行的为期十二天的调查。这个调查是关于一笔历史财富——由Deborah Logan保存了190年的一本120页的日记。Deborah Logan是一个“了解她那个时代每一个人”的女人。

4. 本句含分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds。句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。

5. 随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。

6. 例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。

本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。

7. 年轻人越多接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。

本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。

8. 到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。

本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。

9. 在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。

本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。

10. 最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。

本句是复合句，主语是The recent case，谓语是has exposed，关系代词whose在句中引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Terri Schiavo；关系代词that在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词issues，taken off在句中作宾补。