高考英语一轮复习 学通语法 第八讲 名词和主谓一致 新人教版
第八讲名词和主谓一致
(一) 名词
单句语法填空
1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)．.. what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
2．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings (painting)．3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
4．(2014·辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh ..., if you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep breath (breathe)．
5．(2014·湖北高考改编)Her motivation (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
6．(2011·浙江高考改编)Anyway, I can’t cheat him — it’s against all my principles (principle)．
一、名词的单复数
1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则
(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，但下列名词要加-es，它们是：黑人
．．
英雄
．．．．．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes。．．在回声
．．中吃土豆、西红柿
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros/zeroes零，mosquitos/mosquitoes蚊子，volcanos/volcanoes火山。
(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般f或fe去掉加-ves，它们是：为了自己
．．活
命，小偷
．．站在架子
．．和树叶
．．上，把狼．劈成两半．，即selves, lives, ．．手里拿着刀子
．．．．和他的妻子
thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。但下列以-f或-fe结尾的
名词直接加-s，它们是：屋顶
．．上的首领信仰保险箱
．．．．．．．，即roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它们是：
handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕，scarfs/scarves围巾。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；story-tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。
2．常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；Japanese 日本人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果；crossroads 十字路口；horsepower 马力；jin 斤等。其中fish, fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits。
二、抽象名词具体化
1．具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
I’again.
我很失望，这次试验证明又一次完全的失败。
2．抽象名词与a (an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
①Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
②—A serious explosion happened in Tianjin.
—Yes, news came as a shock to me.
——天津发生了一起严重的爆炸事件。
——是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。
三、名词所有格
1．名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-’s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。
①Many students’ eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.
很多学生的视力变得越来越差了。
②From the top of the hill, you can get a bird’s view of the city.
从山顶上，你可以鸟瞰整个城市。
2．由and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-’s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-’s：Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间
Tom and Jim’s room 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间
3．双重所有格
指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格，即“of＋名词所有格”。
a play of Shakespeare’s莎士比亚的一个戏剧
a friend of my wife’s我妻子的一个朋友
[知识积累]
名词常见后缀集锦
1．动词变名词的后缀
2．形容词变名词的后缀
-ty
-ity
difficult→difficulty 困难
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴
safe→safety 安全
disable→disability 无能；伤残
responsible→responsibility 责任
[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]
①(2015·四川高考)As I told you
last time, I made three new
friend here.
②(2015·陕西高考)Mum taught
me some basic step of baking.I
insisted on doing most of the
baking myself.
①friend→
friends
②step→
steps
(1)可数名词单复数的错用
①可数名词前有数词、数量词、some
或one of ...等修饰，则该名词应
用复数形式；
②在指示代词this, that后用单数
名词；在these, those后用复数名
词。
①(2014·辽宁高考)We’ve called
several time about Cleo’s early
morning barking.
②(2016·长春市质检)Looking
back on the progresses that I
have made so far, I really
appreciate your support.
①time→
times
②progresses→
progress
(2)混淆名词的可数与不可数
①有些词既可作可数名词又可作不
可数名词，例如time表示“次数”
为可数名词，表示“时间”为不可
数名词；experience表示“经历”
时为可数名词，表示“经验”时为
不可数名词；
②误把不可数名词当作可数名词，
例如纯抽象名词：progress,
luggage/baggage, advice,
weather, information,
equipment, furniture等都只能用
作不可数名词。
(2016·济宁市一模)I’ve learned
English for so long that I can
communicate with native
speakers of English without
difficult.
difficult→
difficulty
(3)词性错用
误把动词、形容词等当作名词。
(二) 主谓一致
单句语法填空
1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)This cycle goes (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.
2．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.
It was (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
3．(2015·湖南高考改编)It is important to remember that success is (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes (take) years to achieve.
4．(2014·湖南高考改编)All we need is_(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
5．(2013·江苏高考改编)Generally, students’inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development.
英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。
一、意义一致原则
1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是个好习惯。
2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都有充分的理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到骄傲。
3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
To prevent the air from being polluted is what we’re now researching.
阻止空气受污染是我们现在正在研究的课题。
4．含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况。
(1)many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
More than one student has been admitted to the club.
不止一名学生被录取到这家俱乐部。
(2)the rest, the remaining/part ...＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。
①About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants.
大约50%的土地适合种植物。
②About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.
这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。
5．单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。
单复数同形的名词，如means, works, sheep, deer, crossroads, series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。
①Each means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.
解决这个问题的每一种方法都试过，但没有一种有效。
②There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
6．从句作主语的情况。
从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。
①That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.
杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。
②What he says and acts do not agree.
他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数概念)
二、语法一致原则
1．主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
①Mr Black is a well-known expert on AIDS.
布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病专家。
②My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.
我的朋友们无意和我去购物。
2．a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
＝With more and more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
3．由“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
This new type of buses is now on show.
这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。
4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with the students is discussing Reading Skills that was newly published in America.
这个老师正在和学生们一起讨论在美国新出版的《阅读技能》这本书。
三、就近一致原则
1．由or, nor, either ...or, neither ...nor, not only ...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
①Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.
他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定)
②Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.
不是杰克而是他父母应为这次家庭事故受到责备。(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents 而定)
2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are several grammar mistakes and a wrong sentence in your composition.
你的作文中出现了几个语法错误和一个错误的句子。
[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]
①(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)My
dream school look like a big
garden.
②(2013·辽宁高考)Hard work
have made him very ill.
①look→looks
②have→has
(1)名词作主语时谓语动词单复数
的误用
可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语
时谓语动词应该用单数。
①(2014·辽宁高考)The early
morning barking have been
disturbing us as we are often
up all night with the baby.
②(2012·陕西高考)What I
liked best were the free
high-speed Internet
connection in the room.
①have→has
②were→was
(2)非谓语动词或从句作主语时主
谓一致错误
动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主
语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：
名词性从句作主语表示复数概念
时，谓语动词应用复数。
①(2016·兰州一中自我完善
卷)I as well as my parents are
going to New York City this
month.
②(2016·郑州二模)Not only my
parents but also I are good at
dancing and singing.
①are→am
②are→am
(3)“就近”与“就远”原则的错
用
①“就近”原则常见的有：
either ... or ..., neither ...
nor ..., not only ... but
also ...，not ... but ...等；
②“就远”原则常见的有：as well
as, but, except, (together) with
等。
①(2013·陕西高考)Finally,
there were a sudden pull at the
pole and a fish was caught.
②(2016·太原市模拟)Among
all my friends are a special
one I’m most thankful to.
①were→was
②are→is
(4)倒装句的主谓一致错误
在倒装句中要找出句子的主语，从
而判断谓语动词的单复数。
[常考题点对点练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·兰州市诊断考试)In the rush hour, there were so many cars and buses (bus) on the road, so I was stuck.
2．(2016·江西新余二模)More than 300 coaches (coach) have been invited to the meeting.
3．(2016·四川部分名校联测)Unfortunately, a great many deer (deer) have been killed in the past decade.
4．(2016·大连一模)They took some photos (photo) when they visited China.
5．(2016·西工大附中一模)Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is (be) going to visit Beijing next year.
6．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟)A needle and thread was_given (give) to her, but she could not sew the button on.
7．(2016·聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stands (stand) the teaching building.
8．(2016·江西九校二模)This is because two thirds of the earth’s surface is (be) made up of vast oceans.
9．(2016·青岛自主诊断)The total number of the population in China is (be) about 1,320 million.
10．(2016·太原五中阶段检测)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who wears (wear) evening dress.
11．(2016·山西四校模拟)Not only I but also Jane and Mary are (be) tired of having one examination after another.
12．(2016·海口二模)There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Since then — for all these year — we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.year→years 2．(2013·辽宁高考短文改错)I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.picture→pictures
3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.cup→cups 4．(2016·兰州市诊断考试)Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.have→has
5．(2016·河南省开封市冲刺模拟)Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.deskmate→deskmate’s
6．(2016·江西新余市二模)It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goals.goals→goal
7．(2016·大连一模)Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.were→was
8．(2016·吉林省实验中学第三次模拟)Nobody but three students were in the laboratory at that time.were→was
[高考题型综合练]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2016·云南第一次统测)What is the most popular communication tool today? __1__ your answer is QQ or MSN, I must say you’re a bit old-fashioned. Today, a new form of communication “WeChat”， which __2__ (own) a Chinese name Weixin, is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.
What advantages does WeChat have? First, WeChat is __3__ relatively cheap way of communication; that is to say, it uses network traffic instead of telephone fare. Next, we can know __4__ is going on at any time. And we can have __5__ (easy) access to information available than other messaging tools.
What roles does it play __6__ our daily life? According to the latest report, the registered users on WeChat platform have topped 200 million and WeChat has expanded its business t o overseas market. Can you imagine that a mobile phone “app” is so __7__ (appeal) that it reaches 200 million users within 8 months? WeChat __8__ (it) has become the most popular mobile chat application in the world. A large number of people have become “WeChataholic”， which means they keep staring at the mobile phone all the time and can’t live without __9__.
However, while enjoying its great convenience, people should not ignore the danger of __10__ (cheat), for information on Wechat is publicly known.
语篇解读：本文对目前非常流行的微信进行了介绍。
1．If 考查状语从句。由语境可知此处表示条件，故填If。
2．owns 考查时态和主谓一致。由全文的时态和语境可知此处应用一般现在时，且定语从句的关系代词指代WeChat (第三人称单数)，故答案为owns。
3．a 考查冠词。此处表示微信是一种相当便宜的通讯方式。way为可数名词单数，在本句中表泛指，所以用不定冠词a。
4．what 考查宾语从句。句意：其次，我们随时可以知道发生了什么。
5．easier 考查形容词比较级。根据本句中的“than”可知设空处需用形容词的比较级。
6．in 考查介词。play a ... role in ...为固定短语，意为“在……中起……作用”。句意：它在我们的日常生活中起着什么作用呢？
7．appealing 考查词性转换。appealing为形容词，意为“有吸引力的”。
8．itself 考查代词。空处作同位语，由语境和提示词it 可知此处应填反身代词itself。
9．it 考查代词。此处用it指代前面的the mobile phone。
10．being cheated 考查动名词作介词宾语。介词后应用动名词作宾语。people与cheat 为逻辑上的被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式，即being cheated。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2016·河南省八市重点高中教学质量监测) In our life, we often regret what we did and which we couldn’t do. Actually, it doesn’t benefit us at all. As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams. We often regret that we don’t seize those opportunities, thus feel upset. Although we do know regretting the past is no benefit, but we still can’t help doing it.
To avoid the problem below, we need to pay more attention to what you are doing now, making us busier and having no time to recall the past. Moreover, we’d better set reasonably goals one by one. Only by doing so can we struggle for our future better.
答案：第一句：which→what
第三句：chance→chances; high→higher
第四句：don’t→didn’t; feel→feeling
第五句：no前加of; 去掉but
第六句：below→above; you→we
第七句：reasonably→reasonable
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错1．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 答案：The instructor kept repeating the word words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案：It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on of the road. 3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 答案：When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies. 4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 答案：My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest honesty. 5．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 答案：If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges knowledge we cannot get from books. 6．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 答案：The teenage year years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 7．(2016·高考四川卷)，but she has to do most of the houseworks. 答案：，but she has to do most of the houseworks housework. 8．(2016·高考浙江卷)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 答案：When I was a very young children child，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college. 答案：Now I am leaving home to for college. 10．My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案：My soccer coach retired last week.
专四语法第2节-名词与主谓一致
第二节名词与主谓一致 名词可分为专有名词（Proper Noun）和普通名词（Common Noun），专有名词主要指人名、地名及其他专有名称，如China ,Columbus , Hong Kong , Tom , Diana等。普通名词是一类人 或东西，或一个抽象概念，如book，joy等。普通名词可分为以下四类： 1.个体名词（Individual Noun）：表示某类人或事物中的个体，如：women，pig，treed，desk，pen。 2.集体名词（Collective Noun）：表示个体的人或事物组成的集合体，如：people，family，audience，crowd，flock，swarm。 3.物质名词（Material Noun）：表示一定形态的物质名称，如：water，air，glass，paper，salt。 4.抽象名词（Abstract Noun）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念及学科、疾病等名称 的词，如：work，peace，democracy，truth，joy，fear。 个体名词和集合名词一般可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和 抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 一、集体名词的数 1. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 clothing 衣物furniture家具baggage/luggage行李equipment设备 jewelry 珠宝traffic交通information 信息foliage叶子,植物 machiner y 机械merchandise商品produce产物scenery风景 这类集体名词的用法与不可数名词相当。 形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Our clothing protects us form cold.衣服保护我们免受寒冷。 The machinery is made in China.这些机器是中国制造的。 不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much, little, some, a piece of, an article of等。如：Each room has four pieces of furniture.每间房有四件家具。 若需用代词，用单数代词，如： Do you want to see my jewelry It is in the box.你想看我的珠宝吗它在我的箱子里。 2. 通常作复数的集体名词 police警察cattle牛，家畜poultry 家禽vermin害虫 clergy神职人员militia民兵 这些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如： The police are looking for him.警察当局正在找他。 The cattle provide us with milk,0eef and hides.牛给我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。 3.既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 people人们，人民，〔C〕民族herd牧群flock羊群family家庭，家人 team队government政府crowd人群committee委员会 council理事会crew全体人员staff全体职员party党员 firm商号company公司jury陪审团couple对，双 board董事会group团体gang一伙media媒体army军队enemy敌军union联盟audience听众 public公众，人群mankind人类，〔C〕男子
高考英语语法综合练习 主谓一致
[主谓一致] 高考语法综合练习 选用括号内适当的动词。 1.Two hours__________(is,are)not long enough for this test. 2.One and a half apples__________(is,are)left on the table. 3.One and a half days__________(is,are)all I can spare. 4.There__________(is,are)two pairs of glasses on the table. 5.Traffic police__________(is,are)always very busy. 6.The English__________(likes,like)to be with their family at Christmas. 7.His family__________(is,are)all very well. 8.About twenty percent of the students in our class__________(is,are)girls. 9.All__________(is,are)here.Let's start our meeting. 10.What the children want__________(is,are)storybooks. 11.This is the one of the books on the subject that__________(has,have)ever been written in Chinese. 12.Bread and butter__________(is,are)a daily food in the west. 13.No man and no woman__________(is,are)going to do such a shameful thing. 14.Not only my brother but also I__________(am,is)going there. 15.Mary as well as her classmates__________(has,have)learned to drive a tractor. 16.There__________(is,are)more than one answer to your question. 17.Two thirds of the population of the city__________(is,are)immigrants(移民). 18.The students each__________(has,have)a dictionary. 参考答案： 1.is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。 2.are。如果“one and a half+复数名词”作主语,指时间时谓语用单数,如下题。
高考英语语法专题名词.doc
语法部分 第二部分语法专题讲析 专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016 ·天津 ]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015 ·江苏 ]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词 have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put 等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有??意识 have a feeling of有??感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑?? take advantage of利用；趁??之机 make fun of 取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与??取得 /失去联系 get relief 得到缓解 give a solution 给出解决方案 put...into practice将??付诸行动
名词与主谓一致
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致【55题】
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
高考英语复习：语法 一、名词
高考高频语法复习 一、名词 对应学生用书p158 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 3．(2019·浙江卷)Other American studies showed no ________(connect) between uniforms and school performance. 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)． 5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. [答案与解析] 1．belief。考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。 2．competition。考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。 3．connection/connections。考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
集合名词的主谓一致
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
英语语法 名词做主语时的主谓一致原则
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则 一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. 二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read. 如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. 四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here? 五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候, 永远用复数动词. Several friends were invited to the party.
安徽省高考英语专题检测卷(一)词法第1讲名词、冠词和主谓一致
名词、冠词和主谓一致 (建议用时:20分钟) 1. (2013·合肥模拟)Some students think they enjoy reading just out of interest, but others argue that a better score is their main . A. recognition B. admiration C. occupation D. motivation 2. (2013·皖南八校联考)Why didn’t you go for a walk? It’ll give you a(n)for your lunch. A. appetite B. authority C. energy D. reputation 3. (2013·黄冈模拟)Beyonce, a leading in the music industry, gave birth to her daughter last Saturday. A. statue B. figure
C. brand D. attraction 4. After further education in London, his knowledge and were finally recognized by his employer. A. consciousness B. competence C. conversation D. convenience 5. —Whenever you want a good meal, come to my restaurant and eat for free. —Believe me, that is an I will not refuse. A. approach B. offer C. idea D. instruction 6. (2013·金华模拟)Captain Bligh delivered the breadfruit tree to the Caribbean, but it took almost five decades for locals to develop a for it. A. friendship
1.名词和主谓一致
名词和主谓一致 （一）名词的数 名词分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类 1．不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词，例如：health，advice，glass，wood，English，America。 （2）表示学科名称的以-es结尾的名词常用作单数，例如：mathematics，physics。 （3）某些以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词常用作单数，例如：the United States，the United Nations 2．可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单，复数形式，复数名词构成方法如下：（1）一般情况在名词后加-s，在清辅音（s，∫，t∫除外）后读[s]，在浊辅音后读[z]，在s，z，∫，t∫等辅音后读[iz]，例如：desks，days，classes。 （2）以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加es，读作[iz]，例如： bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 但是stomach-stomachs （3）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es，读作[z]，例如：hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes 但不少以-o结尾的外来词，变复数时只加-s，如：radio—radios，photo—photos，piano —pianos 有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式，如：zero—zeros（zeroes），volcano—volcanos （volcanoes）火山 所以-oo结尾的名词只加-s，如： Bamboo-bamboos，zoo-zoos （4）“辅音+y”结尾的名词，把y改成i再加-es，读作[iz]，例如： Factory-factories，country-countries （5）以“元音+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，直接在词尾加-es，读作[z]，例如： Boys，toys，Henrys等。 （6）以-f结尾的名词，一般把“f”或“fe”改成“v”再加-es，读作[vz]，例如： Leaf—leaves，life—lives 但是，roof—roofs，chief—chiefs，gulf—gulfs，serf—serfs等例外 （8）不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式，例如： Foot—feet，child—children，mouse—mice] ②单，复数形式相同，例如： A sheep—two sheep，a deer—four deer 此外还有means，fish，works，以及由汉语音译表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词，yuan （圆），jiao（角），fen（分），jin（斤）等 ③只有复数形式，例如： Trousers glasses compasses thanks clothes remains ashes contents goods ④表示“某国人”名词的单，复数形式因习惯不同而各异，例如： A Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese-two Japanese 这类词包括所有以-ese或-ss结尾的民族名称，如Swiss，Portuguese等
2012年高考英语名词和主谓一致集锦
2012年高考英语真题单项选择分类集锦——名词和主谓一致 1 (2012全国卷II)19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city. A. quality B. progress C. production D. demand 2 (2012天津卷)3. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary 3 (2012江苏卷) 21. —Can I help you with it? — I appreciate your ________, but I can manage it myself. A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea 4 (2012湖北卷)29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 5 (2012湖北卷)30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective 6 (12湖南卷)35. All the scientific evidence___that increasing use of chemicals in farming___damaging our health. A. show；are B. shows；are C. show；is D. shows；is 7 (2012福建卷)25.— Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? — Well, you know, English is my _____. So it is my best choice. A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill 8 (2012陕西卷)12.The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are 9 (2012山东卷)24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 10 (2012四川卷)15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of ________. A. luck B. value C. time D. fact 11 (2012江西卷)29．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory 12 (2012浙江卷)7.Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
名词与主谓一致
专四语法考点 名词与主谓一致（2） 七．主谓一致 主谓一致（subject-verb agreement）指主语与谓语“人称“和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系有以下三个原则支配：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；但如果主语为and 连接的连个不定式、动名词以及从句时，谓语用复数形式。 Reading often means learning.阅读经常意味着学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 Having enough sleep and doing regular exercises are beneficial to your health.睡眠充足和经常运动有益身心。 2.挡住育有安定链接，表示同一个人、统一无、同一事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数， 此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The composer and singer was well received by audience.那个作家兼歌星受到了听众的认可。 3.由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each，every，many，a（n），no时，谓语动词 用单数。 No teacher and (no)student was here.没有一个老师和学生在这里。 4.each，every，each and every，either，neither，one，another，little，a little和much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词永远是单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机 注意：“复数主语+each”之后用复数动词。 Five each of these items are required.这些项目中有五项都是必须的。 5.everyone，everybody，everything，anyone，anybody，anything，someone，somebody， something，no one，nobody，nothing作主语时，谓语用单数。 There is something wrong with my watch.我的表有问题。 6.none，some，any，more，most，all等代词作主语时，动词的单复数由其代词的单复 数决定。 All is right.所有的都对了。 All are present.全部都到齐了 7.“all，none，most，majority，part，enough，some，one half，the rest，the remainder， a position等+of…”短语，或者more than…作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所 修饰的名词、代词的数决定。 When enough of the tree is chopped away ,the tree falls.如果一棵树砍去多的部分，树就会倒下。 Enough of the data have been collected.已经收集了足够多的数据。（data为datum的复数形式） More than one person is going to lose his job.不止一个人会失去工作。 More than 500 people are going to lose their jobs.500人会失去工作。 8.当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two miles is a short distance.两英里路很近。 9.一般来说，不可数名词及可数名词单数的谓语动词用单数，可数名词复数的谓语用动 词复数，但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。