高一英语必修二语法教案资料
Module 1 Grammar
I. be going to 的用法
be going to结构表示按计划、打算去做某事，表示人的主管意图，有时还可表示预测有迹象要发生某事。如：
. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?
(计划、打算)
. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.
(有迹象要发生)
. George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.
(预测)
II. be going to与will的区别
. will表示说话人认为、相信要发生的事, 不含具体时间, 可以指遥远的将来; be going to 表示按计划、打算即将发生的事。
. 二者都可以表示“意图”。但是表示事先考虑的事情用be going to, 否则用will。如: I am not going to / won’t tell him about it.
--This is a very heavy box.
--I’ll help you to carry it.
. be going to 可以用在条件句中表示将来, will则不行。如:
If you are going to attend the party, you’d better leave now.
Module 2 Grammar
不定式作状语
不定式作目的状语
He broke into the house to steal something.
Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs.
He’s saving up to buy a new car.
He uses a computer to send emails.
2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或 so as to, 否定式为 in order not to 和so as not to:
Let’s hurry so as to go to school in time.
Let’s hurry so as not to be late for school.
She studied very hard in order to catch up with others.
She studied very hard in order not to lag behind.
3) 不定式表示目的时,通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,但如果不是的话,就要用for…结构表示逻辑主语,如：
Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in.
Module 3 Grammar
I. 时间状语从句
II. 过去完成时
时间状语从句
. 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:
when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner… than,
hardly / scarcely… when 等
When
When 还有意义为‘这时’，(at this time)‘那时’(at that time) 常用于下列句型：Somebody was doing something when……某人正在做……突然……
Somebody was about to do something when…….某人正要做……突然……
Somebody had just done something when……某人刚刚干了……这时……
1, I was reading English when my teacher came in.
2, I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.
3, I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .
While
观察：
While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.
While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.
分析：while引导的从句表示“在……过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。
While 表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”
She is tall while I am short.
While I was studying English, he was playing football.
As
试观察：
1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.
强调两个动作同时进行
2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.
两种情况一起发展变化
分析：as引导的从句表示“当……时；一边……一边……”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。
过去完成时
1过去完成时的构成:
“助动词had+过去分词”
The public wondered why the president hadn’t attended the top conference.
2. 过去完成时的用法:
1). 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作, 它表示时间是“过去的过去”。如:
The patient had died when the doctor arrived.
Up until then they had just finished half the work.
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.
2). 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如:
Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.
3). 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的动词有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。如:
I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didn’t manage it.
Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important work to do.
Note:
当动作紧接着发生, 次序明显时, 只需用一般过去时。
When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes.
2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时, 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生, 而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如:
He learned Russian during his stay in Russia.
He had already learned Russian during his stay in Russia.
3. 在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：
He told me somebody had phoned when I was out.
John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema.
Module 4 Grammar
–ing form and the infinitive
作主语
(1) -ing形式和不定式都可在句中用作主语。一般情况下可以互换。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
=Learning a foreign language is not easy. 学习外语是不容易的。
(2) 表示具体的, 特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时, 常用不定式。
① To finish such a novel will take me several days.
读完这本小说需要花去我几天的时间。
② It’s impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time, because there is
something wrong with our car. 看来这次三个小时是到不了北京了, 因为我们的
车出问题了。
在“It is + 形容词(如necessary) + for/ of sb. ”的结构后, 通常用不定式作真正的
主语。而“It is no use/no good/a waste of time”后通常接ing形式。
It’s quite impossible to finish the work with so little money.
用这么少的钱想完成这项工作是不可能的。
② It’s no use asking him for help.
向他求助是没有用的。
There is no 结构后只能接ing形式。There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive.
无从得知他是死是活。
作表语
(1) 两者都可用作表语, 而且一般情况下可以互换。
His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.
他的工作就是粉刷房屋。
表示具体的, 特定情况下的, 将来的动作, 通常用动词不定式。
Our homework today is to finish the exercises 2 and 3 on page 10.
我们今天的作业就是完成第10页的练习2和3。
(3) 主语与表语通常要保持形式一致。
To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
作宾语
(1) 有些动词后面只能用不定式作宾语，常见此类动词有：
ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan,
prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand
① She decided to help him.
她决定帮他。
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider(考虑), delay, deny, endure,
enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, keep
on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practise, put off, risk, resist, suggest,
understand等。
① The doctor advised taking more exercise. 医生建议多做运动。
② I suggest doing it in this way. 我建议这样做。
注意: 一些动词短语中含有介词to, 不要和不定式中的to混淆。常见此类短语:
be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay
attention to, refer to, stick to等。
①I really must get down to considering it seriously. 我真的必须认真考虑一下这事了。
② We are looking forward to seeing you again. 我们盼望着再次见到你。
有些动词后既可接ing形式, 也可接不定式, 而且意义上没有差别。常见此类动词: can’t
stand, prefer, learn, continue等。
① I can’t stand seeing/to see good food going to waste. 我
无法忍受看到好好的粮食被浪费掉。
②She continue to work/working after having a baby. 有了孩子后她仍然继续工作。
(4) begin, start后跟不定式或动名词皆可, 通常可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 只用不定
式。
1) start, begin本身为时行时时。
The boy noticed his father was beginning to get angry, so he ran away. 那个小男孩注意到他的父亲开始生气了, 所以就跑开了。
2) 当主语为非生物名词或it时。
A strong wind started to blow.
一阵强风开始刮起来。
3) 当其后接表示心理活动的词时, 如understand, realize, know, see等。
He began to realize the importance of foreign languages.
他开始意识到外语的重要性。
4) 在hate, like, love后, 表示经常性, 习惯性的动词时, 通常用动名词; 表示特定的、
具体的某次行为则用不定式。
I don’t like bothering him when he is busy. 我不喜欢在他忙得时候打扰他。
②I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that night. 我通常喜欢和他在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不想见到他。
(5) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want, need, require等动
词后既可接ing, 也可接不定式, 但含义不同。
1) remember to do记着去做(还没有做的事)
remember doing记得做过某事
2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记了做的事
3) go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做(原来做的)同一件事
4) regret to do 遗憾将要做某事
regret doing 后悔做过某事
5) mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
6) stop to do 停止(正在做的事)去做另一件
stop doing 停止正在做的事
7) try to do 努力做某事
try doing 偿试着做某事
8) want to do 想要做某事
want doing 需要被
9) need/require to do 需要做某事
need/require doing 需要被
① Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记着关灯。
② Certainly I posted your letter—I remember posting it.
我当然给你寄信了, 我记得寄过它。
③ The machine needs cleaning.( needs to be cleaned).
这台机器需要清洁了。
作宾补
(1) 常见用不定式作宾补的动词。
allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wish, want
①We expected him to win an Olympic gold medal. 我们期盼他赢一枚奥运金牌。
② Tell him to come early.
告诉他早点来。
(2) 不定式(不带to)和动词ing形式都可在感官动词和使役动词(feel, make, let, see,
hear, watch, listen to, look at, notice, observe)后作宾补。不定式强调动作发生了,
完成了; ing形式则强调动作正在进行。
①I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flowers. 我看到一个男的进入花园, 摘了一些花。(进园摘花的动作已完成)
② I saw a man walking into the garden. 我看到一个男的正在进入花园。(walk这个
动作在“我看的时候”正在进行)
③ We heard him sing a song at the party.我们在晚会上听他唱了一首歌。(他唱了一首,
我们完整的听了一首。)
④ I heard him singing a song when passing his window.
经过他的窗户时，我听到他正在唱歌。(我只听了一部分, 没有听完, 我过去后他可能还在
唱）
(3) 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，在主动语态时，不能带to, 而变为被动语
态时，要加上to。
① They saw him steal Tom’s money. 他们看到他偷了汤姆的钱。
② He was seen to steal Tom’s money. 他被看到偷了汤姆的钱。
作状语
不定式作状语, 通常表示目的, 结果, 有时也放在形容词、过去分词后表示原因; ing形式
作状语时通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等。
① I’ve taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop. (目的) 为了买手提电脑, 我从银行了取了钱。
② He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.(结果) 他匆忙赶到学校, 却
发现那儿没人。
③ I’m glad to hear that.(原因) 听到那件事我很高兴。
④ Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help
thinking of those memorable days.(时间) 看到这张照片(的时候), 他情不自禁地
想起了那些难忘的日了。
⑤ Not knowing his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him. (原因) 不知道他
的地址, 我们无法和他取得联系。
⑥ Working hard, you will get what you want. (条件) 努力工作, 你会得到你想要的
东西的。
⑦ The baby was lying in bed crying. (伴随) 婴儿在床上哭泣。
Module 5 Grammmar
状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
时间状语从句
1. 由when, whenever, as , while, after, before, until, till, since, once, as soon
as, 等引导的时间状语从句。
1> When the bell rang, the guard was waiting in his seat.
2> While ants grow they change their forms three times.
3> Three months went by before Aqiao knew it.
2. 由the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, every time, each time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly 等引导的时间状语从句。
1> 我一见到你就认出了你。
I recognized you the minute I saw you.
3. 其中the minute, the moment, the instant, the second, 以及immediately, instantly, directly 表达的意思一样, 都是“一…就…”可以相互替换。
Eg: You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.
You must show the gentleman in the minute /the moment/instantly he comes.
另外还要注意 hardly …when… ,scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…的意义和用法。这三者的意思都是“一…就…”. 通常都是hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句首,他们后面的主句用had done,且倒装.而when, than 后面的从句用一般过去时。
Eg: Hardly/scarcely had I got home when it started to rain.
when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句的区别。
1> 作为“当…时”讲,when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用,而while 和as 只能和延续性动词连用。
2> when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句动词之前或之后发生或同时发生.而while 和as 从句的动词必须是和主句的动词同时发生。
When he had finished his homework, he took a rest.
When I got to the airport, the guests had left.
也就是说当主从句动作同时发生,切从句动作为延续性动词时, 三者可互换。
When/While/As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
3> when 还有“在那时”通常用在以下句型中。
be about to do …when…
had done…when…
be doing…when…
be on the point of doing…when…
4> as 还有“因为”“作为”“随着”“一边….一边”
As the time went on, the weather got worse.
The little girl sang as she went.
5> 在将来时的从句中常用when, 且从句必须用一般现在时。
You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
6> when还用在表示“一…就…”的句型中。
Hardly/Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.
7> while 还做并列连词“然而”表对比。和从属连词“尽管”的意思, 相当与though/although。
While he is a little boy, he knows a lot.
I’m working while my wife is watching TV.
(完整word版)人教版高一英语必修二英语课文原文(2)
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
高一第一学期英语知识要点语法要点及易错点
高一第一学期英语知识要点及易错点 知识要点： 1、in order to do =in order that (加句子)=so as to (不可以 放在句首)，意思均为：为了...;目的是...（目标） 2、alone 与lonely的区别：alone作形容词时，一般只作表语， 不做定语；lonely只能作形容词，不可作副词，它既可作表语也可做定语。作表语时，alone只没有别的人，意为“单独”； lonely指一种心理状态，意为“寂寞的，孤独的”，只因为缺少朋友、同情、友谊是所产生的一种悲伤的和忧郁的感情。（课本） 3、在灯光下，借用灯光线用“by”（目标） 4、especial与special , especially与specially的区别： (1)especial与special都有“特别的”的意思，但有所不同。 Especial是“不同于普通的”“主要的”“突出的”意思；special 则是“特殊的”“专门的”的意思，在美国英语中，一般用 special代替especial。 (2)especially和specially的意思差别相当于especial和 special（卷子） GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
语法要点： “直接引语”与“间接引语” 1、概念 （1）时态变化： 现在进行时——过去进行时一般现在时——一般过去时一般过去时——过去完成时现在完成时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时过去完成时不变 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
（2）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词变化： this—that；these—those；now—then；today—that day；yesterday—the day before；tomorrow—the next(following)day；here—there； come —go 2、“直接引语”和“间接引语”的转换 (1)陈述句/感叹句：去掉逗号、引号，用that引导宾语从句 如：He said ,“I am going to Beijing.”——He said that he was going to Beijing. (2)一般疑问句/反义疑问句：去掉逗号和引号，用if/whether接宾语从句，且用陈述语序 如：He asked,“Are you a teacher?”——He asked me if/whether I was a teacher. (3)特殊疑问句：去逗号和引号，由原疑问词引导宾语从句，且用陈述语序 如：She said,“What are you doing?”——She asked me what I doing. (4)祈使句：通常改为“ask(want, beg, tell, order)+宾语+动词不定式”的简单句 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
必修二课文及翻译
必修二 Unit 1 In search of the amber room Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the c ountry’s best artists about ten years to make. In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at a time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city. 寻找琥珀屋 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。这件礼物就是琥珀屋, 它之所以叫这个名字,是因为建造这间房子用了好几吨琥珀,被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽, 呈黄褐色像蜜一样。屋子的设计采用当时流行的奇特风格。琥珀屋也是用金银珠宝装饰的珍品，这花费了全国最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间才完成。 事实上, 琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。它是为腓烈特一世的宫殿而建造。然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓烈特·威廉一世, 这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不再保留它了。1716年, 他把它送给了彼得大帝。作为回馈, 沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。所以, 琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡东宫的一部分。琥珀屋长约4米, 被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。 后来、叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外避暑的宫殿中。她让艺术家们给它增添了更多的装饰。1770年,这间琥珀屋按她要求的方式完工了。将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间,里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。不幸的是,虽然琥珀屋被认为是世界奇迹之一,可是现在它却消失了。
【强烈推荐】高一英语上重要语法讲解
定语从句 1. 定语从句的结构及理解 2. 定语从句的关系词的使用 3. 定语从句的简化表达 知识总结归纳 （一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。 结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme. 4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia. 5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句： 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。 1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. 4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud. （三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 知识重点与难点 （一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。 1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time. 2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图
什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )
英语必修二课文原文
人教版新课标必修2u n i t1课文原文和翻译w o r d格式 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION What is a fact Is it something that people believe No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some peo ple may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. 人教版新课标必修2 unit2 课文原文word格式 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
高一英语上语法(人教版)
高一英语上语法（人教版） [真诚为您服务] 用现在进行时表示将来意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week,
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
牛津英语必修二课文原文及中文翻译
M1U2Home alone Act One Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Dad: It’s so nice to be home! Mom: Yes, I can’t wait to surprise the boys! Suddenly the door opens and a soccer ball flies through the room. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. Eric: Mom! Dad! You’re back early! (looking around room, sounding frightened) But, but … you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow! The dog slowly walks to Mom and Dad. Mom: (bending to touch dog) Eric, he’s so tired and hungry! (looking at table) The money for dog food is gone, but Spot looks like he is starving! What did you do with the cash we left? Dad: And look at this room—garbage all over the place! Where is your brother? (shouting angrily) Daniel! Daniel: (running into room) Mom, Dad, I can explain … Dad opens the curtains and light comes into the room. The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. Mom and Dad both turn towards Daniel. Dad: (sounding very angry) Listen to me, young man—we left you in charge! We thought you could act like an adult, but look at the mess! I don’t know why the house is so dirty ... Mom: Daniel, we thought you were an adult, a person who would make good decisions ... Dad: How can we trust you any mo re? We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house! Daniel: (shouting) Stop shouting at me. I’m still a teenager! Why is everything always my fault? Daniel runs into his bedroom and shuts the door angrily. Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out. End of Act One Act Two, Scene One Daniel and Eric’s bedroom. Eric sits on his bed. Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset. Daniel: They never even gave me a chance to defend myself. I hate them! Eric: You don’t h ate them. I can tell them we had an emergency. Then they won’t be mad any more. Daniel: No, don’t tell them anything. Anyhow, they didn’t trust me. They don’t deserve an explanation. Let them think what they want. Eric: But Daniel, if they knew that Spot was sick and we used the money to take him to the clinic ... Daniel: And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him, and that is why we had no time to clean the house ... but no, Eric, why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? Act Two, Scene Two