高中英语必修三第四单元重点
高中英语必修三第四单元重点、难点Unit Four Astronomy: the science of the stars
1、They were followed in time by land animals. 陆地动物及时出现。
in time及时；终于
A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不补，大洞尺五。You will get used to it in time. 最终你会习惯的。
易混辨析：in time和on time in time表示―及时；终于‖；而on time表示―按时‖。
联想扩展：in no time 立即；马上at one time 曾经；一度at a time 一次at any time 在任何时候at times有时；偶尔from time to time 有时
即时活用：– How often do you go to see your parents? --- __________.
A. In no time
B. After a while
C. In a short time
D. From time to time 答案：D
2、They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们以产蛋的方式生产后代。
lay eggs 下蛋How many eggs does you hen lay every week? 你的母鸡每周下多少蛋？
联想扩展：lay the table 摆桌子lay up 储存；搁置lay over 推迟lay the blame on 责怪lay the foundation 奠定基础lay to 归咎于lay open 摊开；揭露lay out 摆开；展示lay aside 放在一边；积蓄lay down 放下；放弃lay for 等候
3、These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这些动物和以前的任何生物形式都不同，因为它们产仔并用奶水喂养它们。
give birth to…生产；产生She gave birth to a healthy baby last night. 昨晚她生了一个健康的婴儿。
That century gave birth to many great men. 那个世纪产生了许多伟人。
4、These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这些动物和以前的任何生物形式都不同，因为它们产仔并用奶水喂养它们。
feed vt. 用法归纳：
（1）饲养If I am laid-off, I will feed some pigs. 如果下岗，我就养猪。
Do you feed any pets at home? 你在家养宠物吗？
特别提示：feed作―饲养‖讲时，等于raise 和keep。
（2）喂养We feed grass to sheep. 我们给羊喂草。We feed sheep with grass. 我们用草喂羊。
特别提示：注意feed当―喂养‖讲时动物和饲料的前后顺序关系以及不同介词的用法。
即时活用：1、He______ a lot of chicken______ his farm.A. rises; in B. keeps; on C. raises; in D. supports; on
2、– I have a very bad cold.--- Well, have you ever heard of a saying which goes ―_______ a cold and starve a fever?‖
A. feeding
B. to feed
C. fed
D. feed 答案：BD
5、Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the world.最后大约在两百六十万年前，一些有手有脚的小型聪明动物出现了，并且扩散到世界各地。
spread v.用法归纳：
（1）传播；传开（vi.）Bad news spreads quickly. 坏消息传的很快。
Word spread that there was a variant virus of H1N1. 消息称H1N1病毒已经产生变异。
（2）铺开；展开(vt.) The bird spread its wings and was about to fly. 鸟伸开翅膀准备要飞。
She spread a new sheet over the bed. 她给床上铺了一个新床单。
（3）涂；抹(vt.) Please spread the paint evenly. 把油漆抹均匀。
It’s better for you to spread the honey on the bread. 你最好把蜂蜜抹在面包上。
（4）伸展；延伸（vi.）Xi’an is spreading to the north and the west. 西安正在向北向西延伸。
The forest spreads from here to the foot of Qinling mountains. 森林从这儿延伸到秦岭山脚下。
联想扩展：spread out 伸开；散开；铺开spread over 覆盖一片；持续spread with 在…上涂抹
即时活用：Soon the news ________ across the whole country, ______the people.
A. spread; exciting
B. spread; excited
C. was spread; excited
D. was spread; exciting 答案：A
6、Thus, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 这样，轮到它们成为这个星球最重要的动物。
in one’s tur n轮到某人；接着Please get on the bus in your turn. 该你上车了。
联想扩展：at every turn 事事；经常by turns 轮流go for a turn 散步；除去兜风on the turn 在变质
out of turn 不合时宜的take a turn 转弯take turns 轮流to a turn 恰好
7、They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 它们向大气层排放大量的二氧化碳，这阻止热量向外层空间释放。
prevent…from doing 防止/阻止…发生
We must prevent the news from spreading. 我们应该阻止这个消息的传播。
Nothing can prevent him from going away. 什么也不能阻止他离开。
特别提示：(1)这个句型中prevent还可以被stop或keep替代。(2)主动句中，prevent和stop后面的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省略；被动句中三个词后的from都不能省略。
联想扩展：prevent vt. 防止；预防；阻止
（1）跟名词或代词
Man is finding ways to prevent natural disasters. 人类正在寻找预防自然灾害的办法。
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds. 据认为维生素C能预防感冒。
（2）跟动名词
Teachers now have no ways to prevent students’ listening to MP3 in class.老师们现在没办法阻止学生们上课听MP3。
H1N1 flu prevented his coming to school. 甲流使他不能来上课。
（3）prevention n.预防；防止
（4）preventive adj. 预防性的
即时活用：1、We should do what we can to ______ the Changjiang River______.
A. stop; from polluting
B. keep; from being polluted
C. prevent; from polluting
D. keep; being polluting
2、Nobody can stop the naughty boy ______.A. from punishing B. being punishing C. from being punished D. to be punished
3、The heavy rain ______ us starting out on time. A. kept B. prevented C. protected D. was stopped
4、It seems very difficult _________.
A. to stop the child to cry
B. restraining the child to cry
C. to keep the child from crying
D. holding the child’s cr ying
答案：B C BC
8、So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 所以，在未来几百万年时间里生命能否在地球上延续取决与这个问题能否得到解决。
depend vi.用法归纳：
（1）依靠
We students are depending on our parents now. 我们学生现在在依靠父母。
The town depends entirely upon tourism. 这个小镇主要依靠旅游。
（2）依赖；指望
I mainly depended on his helping, but he didn’t turn up. 我主要指望他帮忙，但是他没来。
There was no bus now, so we had to depend on our legs. 现在没有班车了，我们只有指望双腿了。
（3）由..决定;取决于Whether we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather. 我们是否举行运动会取决于天气。The price depends on the quality. 价格取决于质量。
特别提示：depend是不及物动词，后面一般要跟on或upon。
联想扩展：It / That (all) depends. 视情况而定
即时活用：
1、I’m planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it _____ the weather.
A. links with
B. depends on
C. connects to
D. decides on
2、The meaning of the word is various _____different situation. A. depends on B. depending C. depending on D. depended on
3、– Will you go with us to the National Park? --- Well, it _______. A. depending B. depends C. depends on D. is depended
4、—How wide is the Yellow River? —That ___ from where to where. A. depends B. changes C. refers D. lies
答案：BCBA 9、As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.
这个事件的结果就是，天空形成了一团团的灰尘，遮蔽了阳光。
block out vt. 封闭；遮挡
That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光都遮住了。
Block out the unimportant part on the picture. 把照片上不重要的部分遮住。
联想扩展：block vt.
（1）堵住；阻塞
A big stone has fallen from the mountain and blocked the road. 一个大石头从山上掉下来阻塞了道路。
The pipe of heat must be blocked up. 暖气管子肯定是堵住了。
（2）阻碍；阻挡The wet weather blocked our plan for a trip. 下雨阻碍了我们的出行计划。
The other player tried to block my advance, but he failed. 另一个球员试图阻挡我前进，但是没档住。
10、Then we were off. 然后我们就出发。
off
(1) (和某些动词连用)…开；…掉The bird flew off. 鸟飞走了。I must dash off. 我必须马上离开。
(2)（作表语）走掉；动身走Are you really off? 你真要走吗？I must be off now. 我必须要走。
(3)（和某些动词连用）…下去Cut the end off. 把头切掉。Mind you don’t fall off. 小心别掉下去。
(4)距离多远（时间；空间）
Summer is only a week off. 再有一个星期就到夏天了。They live two blocks off. 他们离我们只有两个街区。
(5) 不工作；休息The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理让员工休息一天。
If you finish your work today, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你今天做完工作，我就让你明天休息一天。
11、I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着身后的地球越来越小，而前方的月球越来越大。
cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
Cheer up! Things are not so bad as they seem. 别泄气，事情不像看起来那么糟。The good news has cheered him up.
12、If you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.如果你正确，我的体重要比在地球上小，因为月球比地球小，这样我就能更自如活动了。
mass n. 一堆；一块；一团
In cold winter, the pond will become a solid mass of ice. 寒冷的冬天，池塘会变成一块坚硬的冰。
I found a mass of concrete on the bed. 我在床上发现了一块水泥。
联想扩展：（1）a mass of = masses of 大量的；许多
After harvest, we will have a mass of rice. 收获以后，我们会有大量的水稻。
I have masses of work to do today.
特别提示：a mass of = masses of 表示―大量的；许多‖时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
（2）the masses 群众
The masses are the true makers of history. 人民群众是历史的真正缔造者。
The party should rely on the masses. 党应该依靠群众。
（3）in the mass 一般来说The work is well done in the mass. 大体上说工作做得不错。
13、Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 由于引力变化了，步行都需要练习。
now that既然
Now that you have arrived, let’s start the meeting. 既然你们到了，我们开会吧。
14、After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.过了一会儿我就理解了，我们就开始尽情的玩耍。get / have the hang of 学会使用；懂得
I can’t get the hang of his speech. 我们有弄懂他讲演的意思。
The new machine is very easy to operate, you will soon get the hang of it.
联想扩展：give a hang about 对…有兴趣I don’t give a hang about pop music. 我对流行音乐没兴趣。
15、We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇的看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
break out用法归纳：
（1）爆发
The economic crisis broke out first in the United States. 经济危机首先在美国爆发。
The First World War broke out in 1914. 第一次世界大战在1914年爆发。
（2）突然发生
Flu usually breaks out in winter. 流感一般发生在冬季。
A big fire broke out in the factory last night. 昨晚工厂发生大火。
（3）突然大声People listening to the joke broke out laughing. 听笑话的人突然大笑起来。
联想扩展：break…up 结束；拆开break down 出故障；失败；身体垮了break…down打到；破坏；消除break off断开；折断；中断break in闯入；打断；插话break into 强行进入；打断break through
冲过；克服；战胜break up 驱散；分开；放假
即时活用：News reports say peace talks between the two countries have _____ with no agreement reached.
A. broken down
B. broken out
C. broken in
D. broken up 答案：A
16、The spaceship warned Li Yanping and me to be ready as we were approaching the ―black hole‖.
当我们离黑洞越来越近的时候，宇宙飞船提醒我们让我们做好准备。
warn vt. 警告用法归纳：
（1）warn sb. of / about sth. 警告/ 提醒某人某事
Black clouds warned us of the approaching storm. 乌云告知我们即将到来的暴风雪。
I warned him about the danger of climbing the mountain. 我提醒过他爬山的危险性。
（2）warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（别）做某事
The teacher warned us to wear warm clothes tomorrow. 老师要我们明天穿暖和些。
The guide warned us not to swim in the river. 向导警告我们别在河里游泳。
（3）warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人别做某事
She warned me against being over-confident. 她警告我别太自信。
Father often warns me against driving fast. 父亲常常提醒我开车别太快。
（4）warn sb. that… 警告；告诉某人可能发生某情况
I warn you that if you do this again you will be punished. 我警告你如果你再做这件事情你将会受到惩罚。Haven’t I warned you that it was not allowed? 我没警告过你这不允许吗？
即时活用：We are ________ by doctors to eat more natural food and take plenty of physical exercises.
A. suggested
B. warned of
C. informed
D. advised 答案：D
高中英语必修四知识点总结
欢迎使用，祝您学有所成。 第一单元 1）achieve 表示“完成，到达”。 区别achieve，reach，gain： achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。 gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。 2）condition 表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”。 conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。 in good/poor condition状况好/不好。 out of condition状况不好。 on condition that在……条件下，假使。 on no condition决不。 3）connection 表示“连接，关系”。 connections亲戚。 in connection with与……有关。 4）behave 表示“举止，举动，行为表现”。 behave oneself表现良好，行为良好。 behave as起……作用，表现为……。 5）worthwhile 表示“值得做的，值得出力的”。 句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“干……是值得的”。 6）observe 表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的不定式应回复to。 observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。 后接that从句，表示“注意到，说”。 observe还可以表示“遵守，庆祝”。 7）respect 作动词，后直接跟宾语。 respect oneself自重，自尊。 作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。have/show respect for意为“对……尊重/尊敬”。 have respect to注意，考虑。 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。 in respect of sth就某方面而言。 with respect to 涉及，关于。 8）argue 表示“争论，辩论”。
高中英语必修三知识点总结
高中英语必修三知识点总 结 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
必修三u n i t1 1.take place / happen / break out 无被动 2.starve to death 饿死 starve to do渴望做.. starve for 渴望得到.. 3.in memory of 纪念 4.dress up 穿上盛装，打扮 5. play a trick / tricks on play a joke / jokes on 6.award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb.授予某人某物 reward sb. for sth. 因... 而报答，奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用...报答，酬谢某人 7.look forward to doing *以介词to结尾的短语 pay attention to (doing) devote… to (doing) attach… to (doing) attach great importance to... 认为...很重要 8.without permission.未经许可 permit doing sth. permit sb.to do sb be permitted to do 9.turn up 出现,调高 turn down 拒绝，调低 turn out (to be ) 结果是 turn to sb (for help) 求助 10 keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言hold one’s breath屏息；屏气 11.apologize to sb for sth make an apology to sb for sth 11.set off （for...) = set out（for...) 动身，出发 12.remind sb. of sth. /sb.使某人想起… remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 14.mean to do打算做 mean doing 意味着 15 be satisfied with 对…感到满意 satisfying 令人满意的 16lead to 导致；通向，通往 17. It is/was obvious that。。。很明显…… 18.get/be married to U2 1. have / keep a healthy diet
最新北师版高中英语必修三(全册)配套教学案全集
【推荐】2020年北师版高中英语必修三（全册） 精品教学案汇总 Killer whales have the second-heaviest brains among marine mammals (after Sperm whales, which have the largest brain of any animal). They can be trained in captivity (囚禁；关 押) and are often described as intelligent, although defining and measuring “intelligence” is difficult in a species whose
environment and behavioral strategies are very different from those of humans. Killer whales imitate others, and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin. Off the Crozet Islands, mothers push their calves onto the beach, waiting to pull the youngster back if needed. People who have interacted closely with killer whales offer numerous anecdotes demonstrating (证明) the whales' curiosity, playfulness, and ability to solve problems. Alaskan killer whales have not only learned how to steal fish from Iong lines, but also have overcome avariety of techniques designed to stop them, such as the use of unrated (未分级的；未征税的) lines as decoys. Once, fishermen placed their boats several miles apart, taking turns retrieving (恢复；取回) small amounts of their catch, in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved. A researcher described what happened next: The killer whale's use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described as a form of animal culture.
高中英语必修四第一单元重点上课讲义
高中英语必修四第一 单元重点
高中英语必修四第一单元重点、难点Unit One Women of achievement 1、Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后当它们向森林走去时，我们就跟随着。wander (1) 游荡；漫游 They wandered in Europe for three months. 他们在欧洲漫游了三个月。 His eyes wandered round the full house. 他用眼睛把整个房子扫视了一遍。 (2) 迷路乱走 Don’t wander off the road into the forest. 别离开大路进入森林。 The dog wandered off and got lost. 狗迷路走失了。 (3) 蜿蜒曲折 The river wanders through some very beautiful country.小河蜿蜒曲折穿越漂亮的乡村。 The little stream wanders through the woods. 小溪从林中穿过。 (4) 胡想；说胡话 Don’t let your thought wander in class. 上课时思想别跑毛。 His mind wandered back to his college days. 他的思想又回到了大学时代。 2、 In pairs discuss what they have in common and what makes them great. 同桌互相讨论他们有什么共同点，什么使得他们很伟大。 common adj. & n. （1）共同的，常见的 You ’ve made a common mistake again. 你又犯了个常见错误。 （2）共同的；公用的 Parks are common property to the city’s people. 城市的公园是这个城市的人的公共财产。 联想扩展：have… in common 有共同之处
高中英语必修三第三单元知识点总结
必修3第3单元单词短语讲解 1.Bet bet [bet] n. 赌, 打赌 1). 打赌[(+on)] Let's have a bet on the result of the election. 让我们就选举结果打个赌吧! 2). 赌金,赌注 3). 意见,猜测[+(that)] My bet is that she won't refuse his invitation. 我认为她不会拒绝他的邀请。 You shouldn't make bets = (make a bet打赌) against him v. 赌, 赌钱 1）. I bet you don't know who won the game last night. 我肯定你不知道昨晚谁赢了比赛。 2）. He bet twenty dollars on me to win the fight. 在口语中I bet =I’m sure 我肯定 I bet it will rain tomorrow !我肯定明天会下雨！ 2.scene n. 现场, 场面, 情景, 景色, 发生地点, [戏剧]一场, 布 景, 道具布置
3.tale故事；传说 A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》 4.permit/ allow allow /permit这两个词的意义与用法相近。其句型为： 1、allow/permit sth 2、allow/permit sb to do sth 3、allow/permit doing sth 如：①This plant allows one hour for lunch. 这家工厂允许一个小时的吃饭时间。 ②He would not permit the waste of a single grain. 他不允许浪费一粒粮食。 ③They don't allow/permit people to smoke in the offices． ④We don't allow/permit smoking in the offices． ⑤Talking loudly is not allowed/permitted in the library. permission是permit的名词形式 5.go ahead本意“前进” 6.go ahead“随便，请自便”“继续”着手做某事；尽管去做；不要 等（常用于祈使句） 7.“May I ask you a question”“Yes，go ahead．”“我可以问
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高中英语必修三知识点总结 Unit 1 1.mean doing sth. 意味着; mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事; mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事be meant for 打算作……用; 2.take place 发生；举行 3.of all kinds 各种各样的 4.starve to death饿死be starved of 缺乏, starve for sth, starve to do,渴望 5.plenty of 大量; 充足 6.be satisfied with感到满意to one’s satisfaction感到满意是 7.do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 伤害某人 8.in the shape of呈…的形状，以…的形式 9.in memory of/ to the memory of sb.纪念某人 10.dress up 穿上最好的衣服;打扮,化装 11.award sth.(to sb.)和award sb.sth.(for sth.) 给予、颁奖reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人 12. admire sb. for sth在某方面钦佩某人 13.look forward to期望，期待，盼望 14,have fun with(与某人)玩得开心;过得快乐( have a good time, enjoy oneself.) 15. turn up.来；出现;把(收音机等)音量开大些turn down 拒绝; turn off 关掉; turn on 打开; turn out 结果是...... turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 16．keep one’s word 守信用；break one’s word, 失信
高中英语必修三知识点总结(详细版)
必修三各单元知识点总结 第一单元 1）starve vi.“饿死，挨饿”。 starve for …，表示“渴望获得，迫切得到”。starve to death 饿死 2）plenty 3）satisfy 作及物动词，表示“满意，使满足”，直接跟宾语。 be satisfied with对……满足 be satisfied to do sth满足于做某事 4）harm 作名词，意为“损害”，常与do，come，mean等动词搭配。 do more harm than good弊大于利 There’s no harm in doing sth= It does no harm for sb to do sth做某事无害处 5）lead 作及物动词，表示“领导，引导”。 表示“影响，致使”时，后接介词to，也可以接不定式。 lead sb into使某人陷入某种不良的状态。 lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子，完全操纵某人 lead a dog’s life过困难的生活 lead the way带路，带头 lead to 导致，致使 6）origin 是名词，表示“起源，起因，出身”。 be of origin起源于，出身于 7）event 是名词，表示“事变，事件”，既可以指历史上的，国际上的，国内的大事件，也可以指日常事件,复数形式还可以指事态的发展和结局。 也可以指体育比赛中的“项目”。 常见词组：at all events/in every event总之，无论如何，不管怎样 in the event结果，终于in the event of万一，如果，倘若in that event若果那样的话 8）dress 作及物动词，表示“给……穿衣”，后接人作宾语，也可以做不及物动词，表示“穿上衣服，穿着衣服”。 dress up穿上盛装，打扮 dress作不可数名词，表示“衣服”；作可数名词，表示“妇女及儿童的衣服”。 dress sth up修饰，掩饰 9）trick play a trick on sb=play sb a trick开某人的玩笑，诈骗某人 do/turn the trick达到（预期的）目的，获得成功。
高中英语必修4课文逐句翻译
1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未来城市 What will the city of the future look like未来的城市会是什么样子呢No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 没有人确切的了解，预测也是一件很危险的事情。But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他们将会先变大，然后再变小。In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. 在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. 我们将会使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、铝、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。例如，太阳能和风能。All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. 所有的这些似乎是肯定的，但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。 To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.为了获知年轻人对未来城市生活的想法，美国得克萨斯州的一位大学老师让他的学生思考如何管理一个在2025 年拥有5万人口的城市，Here are some of the ideas they had:下面是他们的一些构想: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.垃圾船:为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境间题。 Batman Nets：Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.勤务兵网: 警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是用枪。 Forget smoking：No smoking will be allowed 'within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.戒烟:在未来城市范围内将禁止吸烟。只有在郊区和户外才允许吸烟。 Forget the malls：In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will