植物拉丁文缩写

原作者：

岩鸣 @ 2005-08-27 11:55

A

a. = annus 年 ; anno 在……年（如

anno…… 1930, 在1930年）。

aff. = affinis 近乎，与……有亲缘关系。

alt. = altitudo 海拔高度。

alt. = altus , -a-um 高，高……（例如：arbor 15m. alta 乔木高15米）。

alt. s. m. = altitudine supra mare 海拔高度，高出海面。

altit. = alt. = altitudo 海拔高度。

annot. = annotatione 附注，注释。

ap. = apud 根据某作者，在某作者的著作中（当每著作的手稿交给另一作者发表时，原作者的姓名直接放在拉丁学名之后，apud之前，而代为发表的另一作姓名则放在apud之后）app. = appendix 附录。

aq. = aquaticus , -a-um 水生的，生在水

中的

auct. = auctorum 某些作者们的（属格多

数）；auctor 作者（主格单数）；arctores 作者们（主格多数）。

auct. fl. = auctorum florae 某植物作者们的

auct. non = auctorum non……，某些作者们的，而不是某作者的（为错误鉴

定的符号）。

aut. (auct.) = auctorum 某些作者们的（如：Quercus serrata aut. , non Thunb.，意思是学名Q. serrata 的作者不是Thunb.，而是别人鉴定错了）。

B

basionymum 基本异名（最初发表的分类等级名，专到别的分类等级，构成命名上的新组合，而原来的学名则成为异名，这种异名称为基本异名）。

botan. = botanicus 植物学家。

C

c. = cum 具有……。

c. = cultigen 栽培种（指在人类的栽培影

响下形成的种，只保存于人类栽培状

态中，而找不到野生状态）。

c. fig. = cum figura 具有插图。

cal. = calyx （花）萼。

cat. = catalogus 目录，书目。

cent. = centuria 一百。

coll. = collectio 采集品（即采集的植物

标本）。

coll. = collector 采集者，采集人。

collect. = collector 采集者，采集人。

comb. nov. = comblnatio nova 新组合（植物

命名上的）。

cotyp. = cotypus 1. Paratypus 副模式标本（在最初发表新种时，除模式标本（即主模式标本）及其重份标本以外，所引证的其余号的标本）2. Syntypus 等模式标本（在最初发表新种时，有若干号标本而未区分哪一号为模式标本（主模式标本），哪一号为副模式标本，所有各号标本，合称为等模式标本）。

cult. = cultus , -a , -um 栽培的，被栽植的。

cum 具有，伴着……。

cv. = cultivaretas , cultivar. 栽培变种，园艺变种，栽培品种，园艺品种。

D

distr. = distributus , -a , -um 分布。

div. = divisio 门（植物分类上的等级）。

E

e.g. = exempli gratia 例，例如。

e.p. = ex parte 部分〖地〗，其中一部分。

ex 从……，由……，根据……（某一名称尽管由甲作者较早建立，但没有正式发表，后被乙作者代为正式发表，此名称后面的命名人可写成甲ex乙，但引证此名称时，不可只写甲而不写乙

，相反的是可以单独引证乙.（如：C. A. Meyer（甲）ex DC.（乙），可以单独引证DC而不能单独引证C. A. Meyer。因乙作者对该名称要负主要责任）。

ex max. p. = ex minima parte 其中绝大部分

F

f. = forma 变型，型。

f. (fi

g.) = figura 插图，图。

f. (fil.) = filius 子，儿子；filia 女儿。

fam. = familia 科（在植物分类学上，科的词尾是-aceae，阴性、主格，复数，例如：木兰科 Magnoliaceae.）。

fam. Nov. = familia nova 新科。

fide herb. = fide herbario 根据标本集，根据标本。

fig. = figura 图，插图。

G

g. (gen.) = genus 属。

gen. Nov. = genus novum 新属。

H

hab. ? = habitat? 产地不明。

hab. = habitus 植物全形，外貌，相貌。

hab. (habit.) = habitatio 生长场所。

hab. in…… = habitat in ……生长在……。

hb. = herbatrium 蜡叶标本集，蜡叶标本室

herb. No = herbarium no 标本室内的标本编号。

holotyp. = holotypus 主模式标本，主原标本（按字义是“整模式标本”，即真正的模式标本，是命名上实际的典型）。

homonym. = homonymum 异物同名，同名异物。

hort. (hortul.) = hortulanorum 园丁的，花匠的，园艺家的。

hybr. = hybrida 杂种。

I

i. e. = id est 就是，即。

i. q. = idem quod 与……相同。

ib. (ibid.) = ibidem 同上，与上相同。

ic. = icon , iconis , icones 图，图谱。

id. = idem 同，同上的人，同一人。

ined. = ineditus , -a , -um 未作过记载，-a , -o未发表过、未刊登过。

in 在……中，……上，在……地方（指出引证的文献典据，或指出某某生长的场所地点）。in add. = in addendis 附录中（记载在某种文献的附录中）。

in epist. = in epistola 在书信中。

in vitro 在玻璃器皿中，在实验室的条件下。

ind. = index 索引，目录。

ined. = ineditrs , -a , -um 未作过记载，-a , -o 未发表过、未刊行过。

inf. = inferus 下位的（指子房等）。

infl. = infloreseentia 花序。

inquil. = inquilinus 归化的。

isotyp. = isotypus 同模式标本。同号模式标本，（主模式标本同号复份[typi duplum]）。L

l. b. = latitudo borealis 北纬（例：gradum

40mum l. b. 北纬40度）。

lectotyp. = lectotypus 后选模式标本（后选主原标本）（若原作者在原始模式中未指明哪一号为主描述标本时，在等模式标本中后选出的模式标本）。

lg. = longitudo 长度，地理上的经度。

m. s. = manu scriptum 手稿。

mis. = misit……送，赠送。

ms. (msc. , mss.) = manuscriptus 手稿，手写本，未刊稿本。

Mus. = musceum 博物馆。

n. (nov.) = novus , -a , -um新的。

n. comb. (nov. Comb.) = nova combinatio 新组合。

n. f. = nova forma 新变型。

n. g. = novum genus 新属。

n. n. = nomen nudum 裸名（没有特征记载，仅有学名）。

n. n. = nomen novum 新改名，新名称（因该植物

的旧名称不合法，而给以新的学名）。

n. sp. Ined. = nova species inedita 未发表的新种。

n. sp. (nov. Sp.) = nova species 新种。

neotyp. = neotypus 代模式标本（当全部的原标本[模式标本]已损失了时，在别的标本中选出而代替模式标本的标本）。

nom. = nomen 名，学名，名称（命名上的）。

nom. Conserv. = nomen conservandum 保留名（即国际命名法规定必须保留的名称）。nom. Delendum = nomen dilendum 废弃名。

nom. Dubium = nomen dubium 可疑名，疑难名。

nom. Gen. = nomen genericum 属名

nom. Mut. = nomen mutatum 修改名。

nom. Nov. = nomen novum 新改名（因旧有学名不可用时而新给的名称）。

nom. Nud. = nomen nudum 裸名（没有记载文献而发表的名称现今命名法上认为是无效的）。nom. Spec. = nomen specificum 种名。

non. 非，不是（否定）。

nov. = November 十一月

nov. = novus , -a , -um 新的。

nov. Comb. = nova mombinatio 新组合（命名上的新组合）。

nov. sp. (n. sp.) , (sp. n.) = nova species 新种（最好写作species nova）。

off. = officinalis 药圃中的，药用的。

op. = opus 文集，论文，著作，作品。

p. maj. P. (pr. Maj. P.) = pro maxima parte 较大部分，绝大部分（要注意极大部分的标本）。

p. min. P. = pro minima parte 极小部分（要注意极少部分的标本）。

p. p. = pro parte 一部分，部分地。

paratyp. = paratypus 副模式标本，副原标本（也称为cotypus，即除模式标本[即主模式标本]及其重份标本以外，所引证的其余号码的标本）。

pict. = pictura 彩色图。

pl. = planta 植物。

poll. = pollen 花粉。

pp. = paginae 页面，面（复数）。

prov. = provincia 省。

S

s. ang. = sensu angusto , angustiore 狭义的，较狭义的。

s. l. = sensu lato , sensu latiore 广义的，较广义的。

s. m. = sutra mare 海拔。

s. n. = sine numero 无号数（通常指干标本）

s. n. = species nova 新种。

sc. = scilicet 即，就是。

sect. = sectio 组（属以下的分类等级）。

sp. (spec.) = species 种。

sp. aff. = species affinis 与某种近缘的种。

sp. hybr. = species hybrida 杂种，杂交种。

sp. n. (nov. sp.) = species nova 新种。

specim. = specimen（单数），specimina（多数）标本。

spp. =spiecies 种（多数）。

ssp. (subsp.) = subspecies 亚种。

st. = statio 生长地点。

subdiv. = subdivisio 亚门（分类上的等级）。

subfam. = subfamilia 亚科（分类上的等

级）。

subg. = subgenus 亚属（分类上的等级）。

subgen. = subgenus 亚属。

subordo 亚目（分类上的等级）。

subs. = subsectio 亚组（分类上属以下的等级）。

subsect. = subsectio 亚组（分类上属以下的等级）。

subser. = subseries 亚系（分类上属以下的等级）。

sybsp. = subspecies 亚种。

sybtrib. = subtribus 亚族（分类上的等级）。 Su

btribe(英)

syn. = synonymia （同物）异名，（有数个异名时用）。

syntyprs 等模式标本，（发表新种时有数号标本，哪些号为副模式标本，所有各号都称为等模式标本）。

T

T. (t.) = tomus 卷（引证文献时用）。

taxon , taxa（多数），等级（分类上的）。

topotyp. = topotypus 原产地模式标本（与模式标本同一地点采集的标本）。

typ. = typus 模式标本，模式。

U

u.=urbs 城市

ubique 各处，到处，处处。

ult. obs.= ulterius observandum 必须更进一步观察，须要继续观察。

un. sp.= unicom specimen 只有一个标本，独份标本，单份标本。

ut seq.= ut sequitur 如下，如下所述。

V

v. = volumen 卷（引证文献时用）。

var. = varietas 变种。

varr. = varietates 变种（多数）。

veg.= vegetatio 植物性的，属于植物的。

veg. = vegetatio 植被，发育生长（植物的发育过程）

vol. = volumen 卷（在引证文献指出卷数时用）。

一、投稿信

1. Dear Dr. Defendi ML:

I am sending a manuscript entitled “” by – which I should like to submit for possible publication in the journal of - .

Yours sincerely

2. Dear Dr. A:

Enclosed is a manuscript entitled “” by sb, which we are submitting for publication in the journal of - . We have chosen this journal because it deals with - . We believe that sth would be of interest to the journal’s readers.

3. Dear Dr. A:

Please find enclosed for your review an original research article, “” by sb. All authors have read and approve this version of the article, and due care has been taken to ensure the integrity of the work. No part of this paper has published or submitted elsewhere. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and we have attached to this letter the signed letter granting us permission to use Figure 1 from another source.

We appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers.

二、询问有无收到稿件

Dear Editors,

We dispatched our manuscript to your journal on 3 August 2006 but have not, as yet, receive acknowledgement of their safe arrival. We fear that may have been lost and should be grateful if you would let us know whether or not you have received them. If not, we will send our manuscript again. Thank you in advance for your help.

三、询问论文审查回音

Dear Editors，

It is more than 12 weeks since I submitted our manuscript (No: ) for possible publication in your journal. I have not yet received a reply and am wondering whether you have reached a decision. I should appreciated your letting me know what you have decided as soon as possible.

四、关于论文的总体审查意见

1. This is a carefully done study and the findings are of considerable interest. A few minor revision are list below.

2. This is a well-written paper containing interesting results which merit publ

ication. For the benefit of the reader, however, a number of points need clarifying and certain statements require further justification. There are given below.

3. Although these observation are interesting, they are rather limited and do not advance our knowledge of the subject sufficiently to warrant publication in PNAS. We suggest that the authors try submitting their findings to specialist journal such as –

4. Although this paper is good, it would be ever better if some extra data were added.

5. This manuscript is not suitable for publication in the journal of – because the main observation it describe was reported 3 years ago in a reputable journal of - .

6. Please ask someone familiar with English language to help you rewrite this paper. As you will see, I have made some correction at the beginning of the paper where some syntax is not satisfactory.

7. We feel that this potentially interesting study has been marred by an inability to communicate the finding correctly in English and should like to suggest that the authors seek the advice of someone with a good knowledge of English, preferable native speaker.

8. The wording and style of some section, particularly those concerning HPLC, need careful editing. Attention should be paid to the wording of those parts of the Discussion of and Summary which have been underlined.

9. Preliminary experiments only have been done and with exception of that summarized in Table 2, none has been repeated. This is clearly unsatisfactory, particularly when there is so much variation between assays.

10. The condition of incubation are poorly defined. What is the temperature? Were antibody used?

五、给编辑的回信

1. In reply to the referee’s main criticism of paper, it is possible to say that –

One minor point raised by the referee concerns of the extra composition of the reaction mixture in Figure 1. This has now been corrected. Further minor changes had been made on page 3, paragraph 1 (line 3-8) and 2 (line 6-11). These do not affect our interpretation of the result.

2. I have read the referee’s comments very carefully and conclude that the paper has been rejected on the sole grounds that it lake toxicity data. I admit that I did not include a toxicity table in my article although perhaps I should have done. This was for the sake of brevity rather than an error or omission.

3. Thank you for your letter of – and for the referee’s comments concerning our manuscript entitled “”. We have studied their comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with their approval.

4. I enclosed a revised manuscript which includes a report of additional experiments done at the referee’s suggestion. You will see that our original findings are

confirmed.

5. We are sending the revised manuscript according to the comments of the reviewers. Revised portion are underlined in red.

6. We found the referee’s comments most helpful and have revised the manuscript

7. We a

re pleased to note the favorable comments of reviewers in their opening sentence.

8. Thank you for your letter. I am very pleased to learn that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Cancer Research with minor revision.

9. We have therefore completed a further series of experiments, the result of which are summarized in Table 5. From this we conclude that intrinsic factor is not account.

10. We deleted the relevant passage since they are not essential to the contents of the paper.

11. I feel that the reviewer’s comments concerning Figures 1 and 2 result from a misinterpretation of the data.

12. We would have include a non-protein inhibitor in our system, as a control, if one had been available.

13. We prefer to retain the use of Table 4 for reasons that it should be clear from the new paragraph inserted at the end of the Results section.

14. Although reviewer does not consider it is important to measure the temperature of the cells, we consider it essential.

15. The running title has been changed to “”.

16. The Materials and Methods section now includes details for measuring uptake of isotope and assaying hexokinase.

17. The concentration of HAT media (page12 paragraph 2) was incorrectly stated in the original manuscript. This has been rectified. The authors are grateful to the referees for pointing out their error.

18. As suggested by both referees, a discussion of the possibility of laser action on chromosome has been included (page16, paragraph 2).

19. We included a new set of photographs with better definition than those originally submitted and to which a scale has been added.

20. Following the suggestion of the referees, we have redraw Figure 3 and 4.

21. Two further papers, published since our original submission, have been added to the text and Reference section. These are:

22. We should like to thank the referees for their helpful comments and hope that we have now produced a more balance and better account of our work. We trust that the revised manuscript is acceptable for publication.

23. I greatly appreciate both your help and that of the referees concerning improvement to this paper. I hope that the revised manuscript is now suitable for publication.

24. I should like to express my appreciation to you and the referees for suggesting

how to improve our paper.

25. I apologize for the delay in revising the manuscript. This was due to our doing an additional experiment, as suggested by referees.

HKAS45695孢子

10.0(10.3)-14.1(15.5)×9.3(9.8)-12.9(13.1)μm

q=(1.01)1.02-1.20(1.26)

Q=1.08± 0.05

aeruginea担子

40-48×9-11μm

aeruginea囊状体

78-108×9-13μm

aeruginea菌盖表皮囊状体

48-80×6-10μm

HKAS49588担子

34-45×9-13μm

HKAS49588囊状体

53-68×9-10μm