华南农业大学英语专业王之杰翻译理论期末材料整合

第一单元泰特勒三原则

Alexander Fraser Tytler （泰特勒）：Three Principles of Translation

1) The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.（译作应完全传达原作的思想）

2) The style and manner of writing in the translation should be of the same character with that of the original.（译作的风格与笔调应当与原作保持一致）

3) The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.（译作应与原作一样流畅）第二单元论翻译的方法

1.施莱尔马赫

Schleiermacher提出译者的任务是要缩短原文作者和译文读者之间的距离。有两种途径，一是尽可能地不打扰原作者，让读者去接近作者；另一种是尽可能地不打扰读者，让作者接近读者。前者是author-centered，后者是reader-centered。他提到两个方法：释义法和模仿法。

There are only two broad ways for true translator：either disturbing the writer as little as possible and moving the reader in his direction, or disturbing the reader as little as possible and moving the writer in his direction.

2.阐释学派the school of hermeneutics

Hermeneutics as the methodology of interpretation is concerned with problems that arise when dealing with meaningful human actions and the products of such actions, most importantly, texts. As a methodological discipline, it offers a toolbox for efficiently treating problems of the interpretation of human actions, texts, and other meaningful material. Hermeneutics looks back at a long tradition as the set of problems it addresses have been prevalent in human life, and have repeatedly and consistently called for consideration.

3.释义法paraphrase

A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words. Paraphrase may attempt to preserve the essential meaning of the material being paraphrased. A paraphrase represents a dynamic equivalence to convey the essential thought expressed in a source text.

4.模仿法imitation

Imitation admits that it is almost impossible to use one language reproduce arts written in another language. Because of the difference between two languages, imitation might be a reasonable way. However, this method cannot recreate the spirit of original text.

第三单元

奈达（Eugene A. Nida）：

形式对等（formal equivalence）和灵活/动态对等（dynamic equivalence）

形式对等（formal equivalence）定义：

中文见第三单元教案第四页

Formal equivalence focuses on the need to pay attention to the form and content contained in the message. The so-called formal equivalence means that the message in the target language should be in accordance with the different parts in the original language.

Formal equivalence intends to achieve equivalence between original text and translation text, and to some extent reflect the linguistical features such as vocabulary, grammar, syntax and structure of the original language which has great impact on the accuracy and correctness. One of the most typical translation is "Gloss translations”, which is closest to the original structure, and with attached comments to give readers a better understanding of the culture and custom.

灵活/动态对等（dynamic equivalence）定义：

中文见第三单元教案第五页

This definition includes three basic terms:

(1) equivalence, which points to the original language;

(2) natural, it points to the receptor language;

(3) closest, it linked together on an extremely similar basis. Dynamic Equivalence translation means to choose the translation which is closest to the original language on a natural basis. The so-called closest mainly in regards of the sense, and the translator focus more on the meaning and spirit of the original text, rather than rigidly adhere to the structure and form. In accordance with the definition of Nida, the dynamic translation is not equal to the traditional "free translation" or "live translation of" because of the stringent requirements. It requires translation text to reflect the original text as perfect as possible in a different language structure, while there is no such requirement in free translation.

第四单元翻译行动的目的和任务

目的论三原则Three rules of Skopostheorie

1. Skopos rule目的原则

2. Coherence rule连贯性原则

语内连贯(intra—textual coherence)

3. Fidelity rule忠实性原则

忠实性原则(fidelity rule)指原文与译文之间应该存在语际连贯一致(inter—textual coherence) Vermeer 对翻译的定义：to produce a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addresses in target circumstances.

In another word: every translation is aimed at a target audience.

跨文化沟通cross-cultural communication

第五单元勒菲弗尔Lefevere——翻译的策略一、勒菲弗尔主要观点介绍：

二、关于操控理论的介绍：

Three components of Manipulative force:

1.patronage(赞助者)

2.poetics(诗学)

3.ideology(意识形态)

三、关于重写（rewriting）的补充介绍：