医学英语往年试题.docx

EXam in ati On PaPer (For medical StUde nts)

学号________ 姓名__________ 分数____________

I. Choose the COrreCt meaning for each PrefiX or suffix. 8%

1. masto - A. breast. B. womb. C. men ses. D. orary

2. extra - A. in side. B. outside. C. across. D. backward

3. spleno - A. cell . B. bone marrow. C. thymus. D.spleen

4. -ectomy A. CUtt ing. B. stomy. C. CUtt ing out. D. outlet—forming

5. dermo - A. skin. B. below. C. Under. D. CUti

6. proteo - A. sweet. B. bile. C. protein. D. fat

7. chromo - A. time. B. color. C. for. D. disease

8. necro - A. life. B. colour. C. time. D. dead.

II. Filli ng in the bla nks With PrOPer words. 8%

9. We will USe the term ________ to refer to the data that Can be gathered about an

in dividual Patie nt, n amely, symptoms, Sig ns, and laboratory abno rmalities.

10. __________________ are those diseases CharaCteriZed by StrUCtUraI Changes Within the body as the most basic abno rmality.

11. The SUrge On should n ever leave the OPerati ng room area Un til thereport i s dictated, Unl ess his or her _________ is required for an emerge ncy elsewhere.

12. The function Of the ________________ is to PrOteCt US fromorganiSmS thatCaUSe disease, and from other materials that would be harmful to the body.

13. AIDS, abbreviation o __________________________________________ , is a viral disease that impairs the immune SyStem of the huma n body, leavi ng it Prey to a great Variety of infections that would be readily SUPPreSSed by a functioning immune system.

14. APPrOXimateIy 10% of the Patie nts ______ b reast CanCer PreSe nt With a history of trauma.

15. ObeSity in ChiIdren and adolescents may be associated With sociopsychologic

16. Most people who have recently been infected by HlV look and feel PerfeCt

III.

17. Choose the best an SWer to each of the follow ing questi ons. 8% Gen etic and developme ntal diseases .

b. cover a Wide range of abno rmalities

are in flue need by environment so as to appear early in life

18. are defi ned as injuries, in flammati on, Or even n eoplasms are CaUSed by biochemical Cha nges PreSe nt at birth StrUCtUraI Cha nges With in the body .

b. are the most basic abno rmality

are usually at the microscopic or electr On microscopic level

C. may be either biochemical or morphologic

19. are difficult to CIaSSify

WhiCh of the followi ng Stateme nts are not true?

b. StrUCtUraI diseases SOmetimeS fall into more tha n One category. StrUCtUraI diseases are not always to classify.

20. StrUCtUraI diseases usually fall into more of the three broad categories. StrUCtUraI diseases are called lesi OnS that may be biochemical or morphologic. The author SUggeStS that all of the following means be USed to help ChiIdren With

elevated blood cholesterol levels except

b. formal nu triti On CoUn seli ng

regular follow-up, in clud ing measureme nt of blood levels.

21. dietary in terve ntio ns as first therapy

IiPid-loWeri ng medicati OnS

The Onething that the author does not recomme nd is that .

b. young people should be SCree ned to detect elevated blood cholesterol levels a low-fat, bala need diet should become the norm

22. efforts to lower fat i n food should be en COUraged dietary educati On should be promoted

WhiCh of the followi ng is true of the StUde nts in the Control of the DISC?

b. They ShOWed the Same reduct ions in blood lipid levels. They made Cha nges toward healthier behaviors.

23. They Were aware of the high risks of the study.

They made in formatio n in this trial available to PhySiCia ns. How does HIV damages the immune system?

b. By in tegrati ng With and tak ing over RNA of cells. By in filtrat ing and blood stream.

24. By infecting and damag ing helper T cells.

By in CreaS ing the CrUCiaI activities of the killer T cells.

The author believed that the best Way to CheCk the SPread of the AIDS is .

to Con duct global educati On about the disease to treat the known CaSeS With AZT

d. to limit the PrOCeSS of the disease

to USe Condoms and other “ Safe SeX ” PraCtiCeS

IV. Readi ng COmPrehe nsion. 30%

PaSSage A

HlV is SPread Or tran Smitted from the PerS On to ano ther by bodily fluids SUCh as bloods, Seme n and Vag inal fluid. ThiS happe ned in two main ways:

1. by SeXUaI in tercourse With an in fected PerS on.

The VirUS Can be tran Smitted Whe n an in fected in dividual has SeXUaI in tercourse With ano ther PerS on. The lager the nu mber of SeXUaI Part ners and in dividual has, the more likely he or She is to have a Partner who has HIV in fectio n, thereby in CreaS ing the Cha nces of beco ming in fected.

The VirUS is PaSSed On more easily by anal in tercourse tha n by Vagi nal in tercourse. The in fecti On Can be tran Smitted not only from man to man and man to woma n, but also from woma n to man.

Although tran SmiSSi On is more likely to occur from males to females tha n from females to males, the risk of female to make tran SmiSSi On is Sig ni fica nt.

2. by in fected blood and blood products.

Although tranSmiSSiOn Of HlV has OCCUrred through tranSfUSiOnS of infected blood and blood PrOdUCtS in the past, don ati OnS to the Red Cross Blood Tran SfUSi On SerViCe are now rout in ely tested for HIV an tibodies. ThiS SCree ning and other measures in troduced by the Red Cross Blood Tran SfUSi On SerViCe make the Cha nces of anyone being in fected though this route very, Very slim.

a. Tran SmiSSi On through blood from a PerS On in fected With VirUS OCCUrS Whe n in fected

n eedles and / or Syri nges are Shared by people USing illicit drugs.

b. There is absolutely no risk of blood donors acquiri ng HIV infection by giv ing blood to the Red Cross Tran SfUSi On Service.

3. from mother to baby duri ng Preg nan cy.

The VirUS is Very likely to be PaSSed from an in fected mother to her child duri ng Preg nancy. There is also a POSSibiIity of the VirUS being tranSmitted through breast milk. Women who intend to become Preg nant should Con Sider hav ing an HIV an tibody test.

We do know how the VirUS is NoT spread:

It is NOT SPread through the air. You Cannot become in fected by breath ing the air breathed out by an in fected PerS On Or the air from an air Con diti oner.

It is NOT SPread through people swallow ing in fected liquids. HIV has bee n found in saliva, but infection does NOT take place through USing cups, glasses, plates, other CrOCkery or CUtIery WhiCh has bee n USed by people With AIDS. There is no evide nce that HIV Can be acquired by in timate kissi ng.

It is NOT SPread by mosquitoes. StUdieS in the USA have NOT linked the SPread of HIV With mosquitoes.

25. HIV Cannot be spread.

a. by Seme n

c. by Vagi nal fluid

26. The VirUS is PaSSed On more easily.

a. by Vagi nal in tercourse

c. by PerS OnalCon tact

27. HIV Can be more easily tran Smitted.

a. from male to females

c. from an mother to her child

28. Wome n who Intend to become Preg nant should Con Sider.

b. by food

d. by breast milk

b. by anal in tercourse

d. by mosquitoes

b. from females to males

d, from SaIiVa

PaSSage B

Online doctors Offeri ng advice based On Sta ndardized SymPtomS are the most obvious example. InCreaSingly, however, remote diagnoSiS (telemedicine) will be based On real physiological data from the actual Patient. A group from the UniVerSity of Kentucky has shown that by USing an off-the shelf PDA (PerSOnal data assistance) SUCh as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is PerfeCtIy feasible to tranSmit a Patient ' S vital Signs eveVi th eihsldpioiof equipment

in a first-aid kit, the Cry ask ing Whether there WaS a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the

past.

Other medical tech no Iogy groups are worki ng On appl ying telemedici ne to rural care. And at least One team WantS to USe telemedic ine as a tool for disaster resp OnSe ——especially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards PrOVidi ng global access to medical data and expertise.

BUt there is One problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for tranSmitting complex medical images around the world ——CT SCans being One of the biggest bandwidth ConSUmers. CommUn icatio n satellites may be able to cope With the ShOrt-term n eeds duri ng disasters SUCh as earthquakes, WarS or famines. BUt medicine is looking towards both the SeCOnd-generatiOn Internetand third-ge nerati On mobile PhoneS for the future of distributed medical in tellige nce. 30. The basis of remote diag no SiS will be ___ . a. PerS Onal data assista nce

b. Sta ndardized SymPtOmS of a Patie nt

c. real physiological data from a Patie nt

d. tran Smitted complex medical images

31. The SentenCe “ the Cry ask ing Whether there WaS a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the PaSt ” means _______ .

a. Patie nts USed to Cry and ask if there WaS a doctor in the house

b. now people PrObabIy would not ask if there is a doctor in the house

c. Patie nts are now still ask ing if there is a doctor in the house

d. little kids ofte n Cried and asked if there WaS doctor in the house 32. All the followi ng Stateme nts are true EXCEPT that __ . a. flood is not among the disasters men ti Oned in the PaSSage b. it is now feasible to tranSmit a Patient

' S vital Signs over telephOne

c. telemedici ne is being USed by many medical teams as a tool for disaster resp OnSe

d. the trend in appl ying telemedici ne is toward PrOVid ing global access to medical data 33. The word “ problem ” in the fourth ParagraPh refers to the fact that ______ . a. CT SCa ns are One of the biggest ban dwidth Con SUmerS

a, havi ng an HIV an tibody test c. receivi ng a blood tran SfUSi On 29. HIV Can be spread. a. through USing cups, glasses, PIateS

c. through the air b. havi ng blood test

d. bread feedi ng

b. ?breathi ng the in fected air

d. duri ng Preg nancy

b. there are not eno Ugh mobile PhoneS for distribut ing medical in tellige nce

c. com muni Cati On satellites Can On Iy cope With the ShOrt-term n eeds duri ng disasters

d. ban dwidth is not adequate to tran Smit complex medical images around the world

34. A PrOPer title for the PaSSage may be ___ .

a. The On Ii ne Doctor Will Be In

b. Improveme nt in Com mun icatio ns

c. HoW to Make RemOte Diag no sis.

d. The AdVa ntage of TeIemediC ine

PaSSage C

MediCaI researchers believe they may Soon be able to PreVent One of the world ' nsost feared diseases, leprosy（麻风病）.The SCientists StUdying leprosy have developed a VaCCine that appears to PreVe nt the disease in some ani mals. Later this year the doctors pla n to Carry out the tests of VaCCi ne On huma ns in the Un ited States, NOrWay and Britai n.

About fiftee n milli On PerS OnS are ViCtimS of leprosy today. The disease PrOdUCeS Skin sores and high body temperatures. It also deade ns the nerve endings in the han ds, feet and no se. Do many leprosy ViCtimS Can not feel Whe n their hands or feet get bur ned, CUt or froze n.

Doctors found that leprosy grows easily in armadillos （犰狳）.The armadillos are chosen for the StUdieS because its body temperature is SimiIar to the cooler Ski n area of huma ns Where leprosy SPreadS fastest, the fin gers, toes and no se. One gram of in fected armadillo liver Can PrOVide large amounts of leprosy bacteria. Doctors cook the bacteria Un til they are dead. The dead bacteria the n are made into the VaCCine. So far the VaCCine has SUCCeSSfully PreVented the development of leprosy in mice and armadillos.

35. WhiCh of the followi ng area is n Ot in CIUded in the tests of the VaCC ine Carried out On huma ns?

a. AmeriCa

b. NOrWay

c. Brita in

d. ASia

36. ______ i s not the direct cli nical man ifestatio n Of leprosy.

a. High body temperature

b. Skin sores

c. Deade ning of n erve ending in the han ds, feet and nose

d. I nfectio n

37. SCien tists choose armadillos for their StUdieS because ___ ?

a. they are easy to feed

b. they Can be easily CaUght

c. their body temperature is SimiIar to that of the leprosy Patie nts.

d. they exist everywhere in the world.

38. The less likely to be attacked Part of huma n body by leprosy bacteria is ___ .

a. heart

b. toes

c. nose

d. fin gers

39. Among the followi ng Stateme nts, WhiCh is not true?

a. About 15,000,000 PerS OnS are ViCtimS of leprosy today.

b. LeProSy ViCtimS feel Pain Whe n their hands get bur ned.

c. SCien tists USe dead bacteria in the VaCC ine.

d. LePrOSy is One of the world ' S most frightening diseases.

V. Tran slatio ns. 26%

A. from Chin ese into En glish

40. 单词血胆固醇测定在生物学和检测方面的不稳定性，对儿童打上高危”标记（经常不适

当）的危险性，以及折现筛选计划成果的有限性，都表明了全国胆固醇教育计划指导方针是

合理的。

41. 杀灭得多则被认为反映了较好的自然杀伤细胞功能；自然杀伤细胞的杀伤潜力非常重要，因为他们是免疫体统中最抗病毒和肿瘤的反应最快的细胞之一。

42. 然而，在异性恋这中，艾滋病发生率的上升（尤其是非洲和亚洲）表明，人们的态度几乎没有改变。

43. 因此，乳腺癌的主要危险因素包括：女性性别，年龄增大，一侧乳房癌肿，和有一级亲属患乳腺癌的家族史。

44. 世界卫生组织给健康下定义为一种全身、心、及社交方面的良好状态，不仅仅是无病

或无不适”。

B. from En glish into Chin ese

45. If, for example, a liver biopsy is PerfOrmed in Cide ntal to a gastric exclusi Onand bypass for obesity, the PreSUmPtiVe diag no SiS fatty live should be give n as a diag no sis.

46. StUdieS aimed at determining the relatiOnShiP between StreSS and the immune SyStem have in

VeStigated the effects of factors as diverse as exam in ati ons, bereaveme nt, divorce, Un employme nt,

S disease. men tal arithmetic, and look ing after a relative With AIZheimer

47. AS the immune SyStem deteriorates, the Patient tends to develop recurrent or ChroniC opport Uni

StiC in fecti OnS -i.e., i nfections easily COmbated by an in tact immune SyStem but that Can take

advantage of a SeVereIy Weakened SyStem to PrOdUCe devastating and eventually lethal diseases.

48. It is well known that CanCer is a dan gerous disease WhiCh SPareS no on e, irrespective of age or

sex.

49. SUCh disease is CaUSed by Con tam in ati OnS acquired duri ng PrOdUCt ion, StOrage and

distributi On of the food

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