含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式
含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：
1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中
I would write to her, but I don’t know her address. 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But…)
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied harder, you…)
2.将条件隐含在分词短语中
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would…)
Failing this time, what would you do 假若这次失败，那你怎么办(=If you failed this time, what would…)
Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)
3.将条件隐含在介词短语中
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(=If it hadn’t been for your help, we…)
In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。(= If circumstances had been different, I would…)
4.将条件隐含在名词短语中
Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人这样做了都会被开除。(=If any person should behave in that way…, he would…)
A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位着名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)
5.将条件隐含在某些连词中
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)) I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(other wise=if I were not so busy)
6.将条件隐含在定语从句中
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)
7.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中
You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(=If you wanted to, you might…) Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long
独立主格用法详解
一、独立主格结构的形式
英语中，独立主格结构的形式有两类：一类是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。另一类是：介词with / without后接名词或代词再跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。
A. 名词或代词+形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词
1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如：
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如：
The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。
3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如：
His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。
4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如：
The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。
5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如：
The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。
6.
Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。
B. 介词with / without + 名词或代词+ 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词
1.with / without + 名词或代词+ 形容词
He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含着食物跟我们说话。
2.with / without + 名词或代词+ 副词
He left the office with the lights on. 他离开了办公室，让灯亮着。
3.with / without + 名词或代词+ 介词短语
The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来了。
4.with / without + 名词或代词+ -ing分词
Don’t brush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙时让水流着。
5.with / without + 名词或代词+ 动词不定式
With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 这么多工作要做，经理觉得很焦急。
6.
With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于道路被堵，他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去。
二、独立主格结构的句法功能
独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。
1.作时间状语
School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。
The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。
2.作条件状语
It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。
Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾来的话，就没有必要叫吴东了。
3.作原因状语
The meeting being put off, we needn’t hurry. 由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。
Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老师病了，杨老师将代他来给我们上这堂课。
4.作伴随状语
Mr. Li comes here, with a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿着书过来了。
A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面带微笑问道我们要什么。
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语的比较
一、基本用法区别
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程) 或现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态) ；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。
He asked us to come here early the next day. 他叫我们第二天来早点。(未来)
We saw him enter the room. 我们看到他进了那个房间。(全过程)
We saw him talking to her. 我们看到他在与她谈话。(正在进行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour. 她让我们在这等了一个小时了。(一直处于某种状态)
I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beaten是被动关系)
二、几点注意说明
(1) 通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词很多，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encour age, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like/love/prefer 等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。
(2) 在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。如：
He helped me (to) clean the room. 他帮我清扫房间。
(3) 在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. 。
译：我建议他不去那里。
误：I suggested him not to go there.
正：I suggested that he should not go there.
正：I advised him not to go there.
(4) want, wish 等后接to be done 作宾补时，to be 可省略，直接过去分词作宾补。如：
When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么时候完成
(5) 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to。在使役动词make, let, have 后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。如：They made Paul study English. 他们强迫保罗学习英语。
Paul was made to study English. 保罗被迫学习英语。
(6) 感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to) 不定式(全过程) 或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生) ，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补。
(7) 在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如()：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 杀人犯被带了进来，他的手是被捆在背后的。
I co uldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on. 由于吵声不断我做不了作业。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, I have no time to have a rest. 由于有许多问题要处理，我没时间休息。
动名词复合结构可用作哪些成分
■本站特约作者陈根花
名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。在动名词复合结构中，名词属格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。这种复合结构在句中可用作以下成分：
一、用作主语。如：
His saying he is sorry alters the case. 他的道歉使情况改变了。
His behaving like that is strange. 他这样的表现是很奇怪的。
His saying he is sorry alters the case. 他的道歉使情况改变了。
Your denying everything will get you nowhere. 你否认一切将是办不到的。
Her arriving?late delayed our departure. 她来晚了，延误了我们的出发时间。
His knowing I had returned home unexpectedly is strange. 他竟知道我突然回家，真是件怪事。
动名词复合结构用作主语时，其名词或代词一般要用所有格，但在口语中偶尔也有用名词普通格和代词宾语的情况。如()：
My daughter staying up so late worried me. 我的女儿睡得很晚令我担心。
Today being Saturday rather complicates matters. 今天是星期六反而把事情复杂化了。
二、用作宾语。如：
I like him /his playing the guitar. 我喜欢他弹吉它。
I must insist on him / his paying. 我一定坚持他付钱。
He disliked me / my working late. 他不喜欢我工作到很晚。
I suggested his sending it to Tagore. 我建议他把它寄给泰戈尔。
A severe cold prevented his attending the meeting. 重感冒使他未能来开会。
I object to people / him / his smoking in restaurants. 我反对人们/ 他在饭店里吸烟。
非谓语动词的否定式
一、基本方法
非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加not 或never。如:
Try not to make a noise. 尽量别弄出声来。
He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩耍。
He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因没能按时到来而道歉。
I told him not to make a mess in the kitchen. 我叫他不要把厨房弄得乱七八槽。
Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。
Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 我没有见过他，所以说不出他的模样。
Not having received his letter, she decided to write to him again. 她没收到他的们，就决定再给他写一封。
二、注意之点
当前面有逻辑主语时，要放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如：
I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 我对你没有注意到感到惊奇。
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 詹尼未被培养成一名舞蹈演员，是她的一件憾事。
非谓语动词重要句式归纳—why not句式
why not后习惯上接动词原形，不能接带to不定式或现在分词，主要用于表示同意、赞成、劝诱等，其意为“为什么不……呢”。如：
A：May I go with you? 我可以和你一起去吗?
B：Why not? 可以呀。
Why not try again?干嘛不再试呢?
Why not use both? 何不两者都用?
Why not ask someone else? 问问别人怎么样?
But why not write him from Lisbon? 干吗不从里斯本给他写信?
Why not?meet and discuss it? 我们碰个头讨论一下这件事不行吗?
You’re looking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一脸倦容，怎么不休假呢?
Why not wait till the winter sales to buy a new coat? 为什么不等到冬季大贱卖时再买一件新外衣呢?
If you have to go to the dentist, why not go at once and get it over? 你要是必须去
非谓语动词重要句式归纳—would rather句式
1. “would rather+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事”，其中的动词原形不能改为不定式或分词。如：
We’d rather stay at home. 我们宁愿呆在家里。
I would rather not tell him. 我宁愿不告诉他。
We would rather not meet him. 我们宁愿不和他相见。
I’d rather work in a supermarket. 我宁愿在超级市场工作。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他宁愿听别人谈而不愿自己谈。
Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home?你是去看电影还是待在家。
I would rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them. 与其和他们去购物，我倒宁愿留在家里读点书。
American young people would rather get advice from strangers. 美国的年轻人宁可从陌生人那里获取咨询。
2.“would rather+动词原形+than+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：
He?would rather play than work. 他宁可玩，却不愿工作。
I’d rather walk than take a bus. 我宁愿走路而不愿乘公共汽车。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他宁愿听别人谈而不愿自己谈。
He would rather deal with a man than with a woman. 他愿意和男人打交道而不愿和女人打交道。
3.“would +动词原形+rather than+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：
I would do anything rather than let him get off. 我愿做任何事而不愿让他跑掉。
I’d take the slowest train rather than go there by air. 我宁可乘最慢的火车去也不愿坐飞机去。
非谓语动词重要句式归纳-03
1.prefer+不定式+rather than+动词原形
其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：
I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. 我宁愿走着去，而不愿坐公共汽车去。
He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。
注：若语义明确，有时可以有所省略。如：
I prefer to travel by day rather than (travel) by night. 我宁愿白天旅行而不是在夜间旅行。
2.prefer+动名词+to+动名词
其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：
He prefers swimming to riding as a sport. 作为一项运动项目，他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马。
注：这类结构的prefer 前有时也可用would, should 等。如：
We?would prefer playing outdoors to watching television. 我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。
动名词主动表被动的三种类型
在某些特殊结构中，动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义，这主要见于以下几种情况：
一、“需要”型
在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后，英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。
Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。
The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。
从意义上看，以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味，但用的都是主动形式。不过，如果改用不定式，则要用被动式，如上面也可说成：
He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。
Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。
The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。
二、“值得”型
这类词比较典型的有三个，它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义，不能直接使用被动式。如：
The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。
None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。
They merit praising. 他们值得表扬()。
说明：从搭配上看，be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式；而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如：
They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。
She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜，因为她是最优秀的。
只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词，且要用主动形式表示被动意义；此时若改成不定式，则要用被动形式。如：
我认为他的文章不值一读。
I don’t think his article deserves re ading.
=I don’t think his article deserves to be read.
三、“超越”型
这类介词主要有past, beyond 等，它们均表示“超越”“在……之外”，它们后接动名词通常用主动形式表示被意义。如：
He is past saving. 他已无法挽救了。
The pain was almost past bearing. 疼得简直受不了啦。
The problem is past understanding. 这个问题无法理解。
Such hardships are beyond bearing. 这样的苦是不堪忍受的。
过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别
两者均可表示被动，其区别主要在于它们所表示的时间概念不同，即过去分词在被动的同时，还表示完成，而现在分词被动式在被动的同时，还表进行。
Built in 1501，the bridge is over 500 years old. 这座桥建于1501年，已有五百多年的历史。
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
但有时它们也可表示相同的意思。如：
Written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
Being written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
有时虽然所表示的时间概念相同，但有细微区别：
Having been show the lab, we left. 被领着看了实验室后，我们就离开了。
Shown the lab, we left. 被领着一看完实验室，我们就离开了。(有一种急促感)
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中"．．．the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better．"来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（u nder．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that po sition）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for
真实条件句,虚拟语气.
当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
if条件句中的虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气(一) 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. If h e had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. If i t were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America 如果我是你，我就会努力学习 If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了 If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛． If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) ２．省略句 在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 表现在过去时 表过去过去完成时 表将来would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go.
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现， 能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气； 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 2、注意事项： ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助） 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好） 3.If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 4.If time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许） 5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪） 6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上） 7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急） 8. If I were you, I should buy it. (从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy) 9. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。)（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study） 10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask) 注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. (从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)
if引导的虚拟条件句(20200509141756)
Subjunctive Mood Ⅰ. Listen to the songs and fill in the blanks Number one: If _______________, _____________so high That the only people near me Would be the pilots in the sky. And If _______________, _______ so gracefully Through the air so all mankind could see. If _______________ Number two: If ______________I'd never hear your voice again, ___________each thing you ever said And on those lonely nights I could think of them once more And keep your words alive inside my head If _______________I'd never hear your voice again Number three: If I ______________, I _______________ in your way So I'll go, but I know I'll think of you every step of the way And I will always love you I will always love you Number four: yeah if ___________, then money, fame and fortune never _____________ If ____________, _____________a party( it'd be ecstasy(狂喜)) yeah if __________ you y-y-y-y do y-y-y-y-y do y-y-y-y-y do If _____________ that would be the only thing I'd ever need Subjunctive mood is used to talk about situations that are ______ true or _____ likely to become true. Ⅱ Observe the following sentences and put them into throw groups 1.If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 2. If she hadn't called me, I could have overslept(睡过头) this morning. 3. If he were you, I might go and try. 4. If I had time right now, I should certainly help you. 5. If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 6. If it should rain in the near future, the crops could be saved. 7. If he were here tomorrow, I should speak to him. 8. If we had no air and water, we wouldn't survive. 9. If it snowed tomorrow, I might stay at home. 10. If you were to be a millionaire soon, what would you do with your money? Contrary to the present:__________________ Contrary to the past:_____________________ Contrary to the future:___________________ Ⅲ Structures of subjunctive mood 1. 虚拟条件从句主句 与现在事实 相反的假设If+S+________________ S+_____________________ 与过去事实 相反的假设If+S+ ________________ S+_____________________ 与将来事实 相反的假设 _______________ If+ S+ _______________ _______________ S+_____________________ 2. If 的省略:________________________________________________ 3. 错综条件句:______________________________________________ 1)If you had followed my advice the other day, you would feel better now.
If条件句和虚拟语气
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
(完整版)if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his ol d friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案(带解析)
虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句
Unit 4 一. if 条件句 if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，能够实现的情况。在这种情况下，主句和从句的谓语动语随各自的人称和时态发生变化，同时if条件句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们去野餐。 如果if条件句用来描述说话人认为与事实相反的内容，或仅是一种愿望，假设、猜测等，我们称为虚拟条件句。 If I got rich , I would travel around the world. 如果我有钱了，我将周游全世界。 1. —I often get nervous when I have an English class. What should I do?
—If I were you, I . (ask the English teacher for help) 2. —What would the earth be like if there ?(is no air or water on it) —It could be like the moon without any living things. 3. If it ,the crops would be saved. (is to rain tomorrow) 4. If we had found him earlier, we .(solve the problem more easily) 5. If I hadn’t been so busy, I .(take part in the party) 四、单选。 ( )1. If my father here now, he tell me what to do. A. were, would B. were, will C. is would D. is will ( )2. If I a bee, I work much harder. A. were, would B. were, shall C. had, will D. have, should ( )3. If I much money, I buy a house. A. have, will B. had, would C. had, will D. have, should ( )4. He learn more quickly if he harder. A. will, work B. would , worked C. would, work D. will, worked ( )5. If I you, I do that. A. was, wouldn’t were, wouldn’t C. am, won’t D. were, won’t ( )6. It’s quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it ,I would still go to the park. A. should rains B. would rain C. rained D. had rained 五、汉泽英 1. 如果我是你，我会帮助她。If I you, I her. 2. 如果我以前去过那个地方，我就认识路了。（和相反） If I to the place before, I the way. 3. 万一你明天迟到了，我们就不等你了。（和相反） If you tomorrow, we for you.=If you late tomorrow, we for you. 4. 如果没有空气，地球上就不存在生物。 If there no air, there no living things.
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
iｆ引导的条件句中的虚拟语气?虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的 假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。?一、ｉｆ引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1)．真实条件句（Sentences of Real Coｎdition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。例如:?⑴、If I ｈaｖe timｅ, I wｉll help yｏｕwith ｔhisｗork.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (２)、Iｆtimｅperｍiｔs，ｗｅ＇ll go fishｉng tｏgetheｒ. (如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。) 2).虚拟条件句（Seｎtｅnces of UnrｅaｌCoｎditiｏn):当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如: ⑴、ＩfＩｗｅrｅyou ,I woｕｌd haｖe ａttenｄｅd th e meｅtiｎｇ．如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。?⑵、I f ｈe had come ｈeｒe yesterday, ｈｅwouｌd haｖe sｅen ｈis ｏlｄfriｅnd.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。?⑴、If iｔｈaｄrained yｅsｔerday, we would hａve stayｅｄaｔｈｏme．(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。)?２、．ｉf条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断?判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要
用虚拟语气。?判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法”?后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:?①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。?主句中则用情态动词wｏuld, sｈouｌd, coulｄ等加一个与从句 一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、Ｉf I had coｍe ｈeｒyestｅrdａy，Ｉｗoｕlｄhave seen hiｍ. ⑵、Ｉf Ｉwｅｒe a teaｃhｅr, I ｗｏｕｌd bｅｓtrｉct wｉth my studenｔｓ. ⑶、Ｉｆit ｓhouｌd snow ｔomorｒow,ｔheｙcoulｄn't g o out. 4、注意事项?①iｆ条件句中如有ｗere，should, haｄ,可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。?②在现代英语中ｉｆ条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用wｅrｅ。 二、虚拟语气在ｉf 引导的条件句中的用法:?(一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：?从句:if + 主语+动词的过
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
必修2 If真实条件句与虚拟条件句
If真实条件句与虚拟条件句 真实条件句与虚拟条件句 1.真实条件句 真实条件句是指主句中的某一动作或状态是在真实情况下或有可能实现的情形下发生的。在表示真实条件句的复合句中，表条件的状语从句和表结果的主句的谓语都用陈述语气。 * If you come back late, your mother will worry about you. 如果你回来晚了，你妈妈会担心的。（if引导真实条件句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来） * If your suggestion is rejected, they will let you know. 如果你的建议遭到拒绝，他们会让你知道的。（if引导真实条件句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来） 2.虚拟条件句 （1）虚拟条件句指的是与事实相反或不太可能实现的事。在表示非真实条件的复合句中，表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主语的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
* If I were you, I would focus my attention on looking after my elderly parents. 如果我是你，我会把注意力集中在照顾年迈的父母上。（if引导虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反，主句谓语动词用would do,从句谓语动词用过去式，be用were） * If he had got up a little earier, he wouldn’t have been late. 如果他早一点起床，他就不会迟到了。（if引导虚拟条件句，叙述与过去事实相反，主句用谓语动词would have done,从句谓语动词用had done） * If he should come(were to come/came)tomorrow, I would treat him to dinner. 如果他明天来，我就请他吃饭。（if引导虚拟条件句，叙述与将来事实相反，主句谓语动词用would do,从句谓语动词有三种形式：should do, were to do, 过去式） 当条件状语从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，这种虚拟条件句称之为错综复杂虚拟条件句。往往是主句叙述与现在事实相反，谓语动词用would/should/might/could do,而从句叙述与过去事实相反，