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1研读首句，判断主旨

和完型填空题相同的是，选词填空题的首句通常不设置空格。考生可根据首句来判断文章的体裁、背景、写作意图甚至中心思想。文章首句一般对全文起概括或提示的作用，因此，研读首句对解答此题比较重要。

例如：大学英语四级考试2014年6月（第2套）“选词填空”的第一句话是：The fact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now.（事实上，20多年间，全球的石油勘探量比石油的实际消耗量小。）

根据这句话，我们就可以判断：石油的消耗量大于石油勘探量，那么全球的石油是供不应求的，这也是文章的主题。那么下文可能围绕石油供不应求的原因来写，也可能阐述解决此问题的措施，倡导大家解决石油问题。由此可见，把握文章脉络、掌握文章主题对解题来说极为重要。

2通读全文，把握大意

根据各段首句及末句中的关键字迅速通读全文，从整体上把握文章大意，明确文章主题及结构层次。很多考生认为自己的英语基础水平较差，通读全文就是在浪费时间，不如直接做题，但是，通读全文能够帮助考生了解文章脉络，这对解答题目大有裨益。

通读全文，即用较快的速度阅读全文，考生可采用跳读、略读等方式来了解文章大意，掌握文章内容。注意通读的时间不能太长，一般为1分钟左右，最多不能超过分钟。此处以大学英语四级考试2014年6月（第2套）“选词填空”为例进行讲解。

The fact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now. Not only has demand been 36 , but the oil we have been finding is coming from places that are 37 to reach. At the same time, more of this newly 38 oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to 39 . And because demand for this precious resource will grow, according to some, by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the world’s economic 40 will take a lot more energy from every possible source.

he energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to search for new 41 . Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid (混合动力的) vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be more 42 parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulate energy policies that promote 43 and environmentally sound development. Consumers must be willing to pay for some of these solutions, while practicing conservation efforts of their own.

Inaction is not an 44 . So let’s work together to balance this equation. We are taking some of the 45 needed to get started, but we need your help to go the rest of the way.

根据首句的关键字oil（石油）可判断，本文围绕“石油”展开；由“the world has been finding less oil than it has been using（全球的石油勘探量比石油的实际消耗量小）”

可知，文章与“石油供不应求”有关。接着我们来看第一段的最后一句话：And because demand for this precious resource will grow, according to some, by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the world’s economic 40 will take a lot more energy from every possible source.（一些人认为，到2025年，对这种珍贵资源的需求量将增长40%以上，所以要促进经济，就要从所有可能的资源中获取更多的能源）这句话比较长，为了节省时间，我们可提取里面的关键信息，如：demand for this precious resource will grow（对这种珍贵资源的需求量将增长）和take a lot more energy from every possible source（从所有可能的资源中获取更多的能源）。从这两个关键信息得出的信息仍然是“石油供不应求”。

第二段首句提到：The energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to search for new 41 .（能源产业需要从现存的油田中开采更多的石油，同时，还应继续寻找新的油量。）这是解决“石油供不应求”的一个措施。二段末句没有设置空格，该句指出：Consumers must be willing to pay for some of these solutions, while practicing conservation efforts of their own.（消费者在实践保护措施的同时，必须为上述解决措施中的一些措施买单。）其中，从solutions（解决措施）可明确判断，本句与“措施”有关。所以，我们可判断，第二段围绕“石油供不应求的解决措施”展开。

第三段内容较少，只有三句话，其中第一句和第三句设置空格，我们可先来看信息完整的第二句话，该句说道“So let’s work together to balance this equation.（所以，让我们一起努力，来平衡这种关系吧！）”，这是一个祈使句，很明显该句在倡导大家一起努力，解决问题。

经过上述分析，我们对文章的大意就会比较清楚，而了解整个语篇的语言环境对后面的题目解答会有很大的帮助。

3预览选项，判断词性

预览选项，了解词义并将词性进行归类是解答选词填空题必不可少的一个步骤。考生应简单地标注备选项所罗列单词的词性及词义。对于陌生的单词可根据后缀判断其词性，并进行标注；若根据一般的构词法能够判断出陌生单词的词义，则将其一并标注清楚。名词、动词、形容词和副词是选词填空题最常考查的词性。在标注时，考生可选用各词性的简写形式（名词n.；动词v.；形容词a.；副词ad.）。建议标注词性和词义的时间为1分钟。

考生应注意的是，选词填空题主要考查考生对实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）的掌握，目前而言，真题中没有涉及到虚词（代词、数词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词等）的考查。

①同一个单词可能有多种词性，如：cover（n.覆盖；封面 v.包含），deal（n.交易v.处理；经营），此时考生需将两种词性都标注出来。

例如：O选项的steps，既可以看作是名词step的复数形式，也可以看作是动词step 的第三人称单数形式。

②遇到动词要细分为动词原形、动词的第三人称单数形式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。在后面做题时，若判断出空格处应填入一个动词，还应根据语法判断应填动词的哪种形式。

例如：M选项的reserves（动词reserves的第三人称单数形式）、C选项的declining（decline 的-ing形式，既可以视为现在分词，也可以视为动名词）和D选项的derived（derive的-ed形式，既可以视为过去式，也可以视为过去分词）。

③以-ing和-ed结尾的词也可能是由分词演变而来的形容词。

例如：C选项的declining，可用作动词：The prices are declining.（价格下降。）也可用作形容词：declining population（人口下降）等。

4选词填空，先易后难

判断完词性以后，考生可根据上下文进行分析，遵循先易后难的原则，确定正确答案。做题时，首先可根据英语语法知识，判断空格处所需要填入的词的词性，这样，可以缩小选择的范围；然后，考生可根据上下文之间的逻辑关系或者根据句意，选择恰当的选项进行填空。注意，词性、语义、语法均符合要求的为最佳选项，即正确答案。

在分析句子的逻辑关系时，应注意逻辑关系词：

①并列关系：and, or, as well as等；

②转折连词：but, however等；

③因果关系：because, since, as a result of, thus, so, therefore等；

④递进关系：furthermore, moreover, in addition, what’s more等。

例如：Governments need to formulate energy policies that promote (43)and environmentally sound development.

分析：

该题位于and environmentally之前，由and连接并列关系可知，空格处应填副词，和environmentally一起修饰形容词sound。本题目的备选项中，只有2个副词备选项：A) consequently（因此）和G) economically（经济地），因此，先做第43题对考生来说比较容易。此时，考生可采用最简单的代入法，判断G选项economically符合题意。完成本道题目后，考生可接着做其他题目。

5复读全文，检查选项

在初步完成试题解答之后，将所选的答案带入原文，复读原文，检查空格处所填的词是否能与上下文构成正确的逻辑关系，其语义及语法是否准确，进而推敲答案是否正确。

例如：Not only has demand been 36 , but the oil we have been finding is coming from places…

分析：

Not only位于句首，句子使用倒装语序，其正常语序为：demand has been ，故可判断空格处填形容词或动词的分词形式。由于空格所在句和but后的句子构成并列句，故两个句子的时态应保持一致。but后的句子为现在完成进行时，因此可推断，空格处应填动词的现在分词形式，且与demand构成搭配。浏览选项，只有C选项declining和N选项soaring符合条件。将declining代入，表示“不仅需求量在下降”；将soaring代入，意为“不仅需求量在增加”，单独来看，这两个选项均符合语法及语义要求。但结合文章首句的“全球的石油勘探量比石油消耗量小”可知，石油的需求量在增加，所以应排除declining。N选项soaring符合上下文逻辑关系，故正确。

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大学英语六级选词填空完全攻略 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

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There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become th e only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharP__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the ess ay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement. A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearlyE)adventurous F ）discourage G)motivation H)terribleI)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressedM)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed Answers: 1. 选I ）。由该句中的has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除contained 和expressed而选择ignored 。 2. 选A ）。此处应填名词，但能与后面over 构成固定搭配的名词只有priority ，故排除了criticism 和motivation 。 3. 选M). 由空格前面的and 可知，此处应填副词和freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且…… 地表达自己，选项中只有confidently “自信地“符合题意。 4. 选N ）。很明显这里应填形容词，选项中terrible ，difficult 后接事物名词something ，只有adventurous 和bright 可用来形容somebody （child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。 5. 选E ）。由前一句中的be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的avoid可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。 6. 选K ）。很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有encourage和persuade 。由That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除persuade 而选encourage。 7. 选H ）。此处应填形容词。由空格后面的too many spelling errors和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。 8. 选B ）。此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。 9. 选C ）。此处填动词过去式，本句中由which 引导的从句是对essay的解释，剩余选项中contained 和expressed ，根据句意，文章…… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，