托福阅读笔记TPO22：Spartina

托福阅读笔记之TPO22 Spartina

TPO22 Spartina

文章题材：植物学——米草属植物

常见词汇：

silt [silt] n. 淤泥v. (使)淤塞

evidence ['evid?ns] n. 根据，证据v. 证实，证明

trap [tr?p] n. 圈套，陷阱，困境，双轮轻便马车

efficiently [i'fi??ntli] adv. 有效地

adapt [?'d?pt] vt. 使适应，改编vi. 适应，适合

convert ['k?nv?:t,k?n'v?:t] v. 变换，(使)转变，使... 改变信仰，倒置

competitive [k?m'petitiv] adj. 竞争的，比赛的

plastic ['pl?stik, plɑ:stik] adj. 塑料的，可塑的，造型的，整形的，易受影响的

established [is't?bli?t] adj. 已被确认的，确定的，建立的，制定的动词est

bacteria [b?k'ti?ri?] n. (复数)细菌

易错题解析：

Paragraph 4: These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment, changing the substrate elevation, and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration; it is also used for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.

8.According to paragraph 4, in its natural habitats, Spartina helps estuaries by (1)

O controlling marshland decline

O decreasing the substrate elevation

O reducing the brackishness of the water

O increasing the flow of water into the estuary

题型：事实信息题。答案是(A)

解析：首先题干的关键是in its natural habitats, Spartina helps estuaries by，所以回归原文寻找关键信息，在第一、二句话“These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish.”，但这两句话中没有答案，所以需要往后看。从第三句到倒数第二句都是在描述Spartina在它自然的定居水域稳定下来后的变化过程，最后一句话“Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration…”才是对其作用的描述; 根据这句话可知答案应选择A。

易错选项：(C)。

Spartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. ? It spreads primarily by underground stems; colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. ? Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent). ? Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. ? Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive a dvantage is Spartina’s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.

13.Look at the four squares [?] [?] [?] and [?] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

Spartina is particularly able to tolerate high salinities because salt glands on the surface of the leaves remove the salt from the plant sap.

Where would the sentence best fit?

题型：句子插入题。答案是(C)

解析：待插入的句子是在解释Spartina能在高盐环境中生存的原因，所以这句话的前面应该说了Spartina具有抗高盐的特点才对。通过观察四个选项前面的话可知，只有第三个空前面的话在说这个方面，所以答案选C。

另外，我们也可以根据待插入句中的关键词来寻找答案，待插入句中的关键词为particularly, high salinitie 回归原文寻找相关的单词发现Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent).，high salinitie对应的就是that of salt water (3.5 percent).所以待插入句子应放在这句话的后面。先高盐度，再解释原因。