译林牛津版高中英语选修9教案：U3 语法
状语从句复习
(一) 时间状语从句
1. when, while和as
1) when的用法
(1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生
或从句动作先于主句动作。
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
When the film ended, the people went back.
电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。
(2) when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and at this/that time。
I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这件事，突然听到叫我的名字。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate.
他刚要走，有人敲门。
We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.
我们刚刚入睡，突然铃声响起来了。
(3) when还可表“既然”。
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?
既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新的工作？
2) while的用法
(1) while可表“当……的时候”或“与……同时(发生) ”，while从句中的动作应该是可持续的。
They arrived while we were having dinner.
他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。
(2) while表对比，意为“却，但是，然而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别。That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。
(3) while可用来表“虽然，尽管”，相当于although。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
尽管我理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你的意见。
3) as的用法
表“（正当）……的时候”或“随着”。
As time passed, things seemed to get worse.
随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。
4) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进
行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ...
than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once (一……就……)
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
Once she arrives, we can start.
她一到，我们就可以开始。
He said h e’d phone you the moment he got home.
他说他一到家就给你打电话。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
那男孩一见到他妈妈就哭起来。
注意：no sooner ... than ...; hardly/scarcely ... when ... 这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner 与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
= Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨了。
3. till, until和not ... until …
1) till, until表“一直到……”。主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
你在这里可呆到雨停。
2) till, until表“直到……才……”。主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，主句为否定式，
从句为肯定式。
I didn’t learn to drive till I was thirty three.
我直到33岁才学开车。
3) till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
4) not ... until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型)
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. (not until置于句首，主句要倒装)
直到你告诉我，我才知道。
4. before和since
1) before可表“还未……就……，不到……就……，……才……，趁，还没来得及”
或“以防”。before从句中谓语不用否定式。
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Put that money somewhere safe before it gets stolen.
把钱放在安全的地方，以防被人偷去。
2) before的句型：It will be +时间段+ before从句。表“多久之后才……”。
It will be some time before we know the full results.
再过些时候我们才能知道全部结果。
3) since表“自从……”。其主句多为现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句多为一般过去时。
I have written home four times since I came here.
自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。
4) since的句型：It is/has been +时间段+ since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表“自
从……有多久”；若从句谓语为延续性动词，则表“自从结束/完成……起有多久”。
It is three years since the war broke out.
战争爆发以来有三年了。
It is three years since she was in our class.
她离开我们班有三年了。
5. every time, each time, next time，the first time，any time，all the time等名词短语用来引
导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
Every time I meet her I always forget her name.
每次见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。
The last time I spoke to Bob he seemed happy enough.
上次我根鲍勃说话的时候，他显得挺高兴。
(二) 地点状语从句
1. 地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
He would live with his grandfather anywhere she lived.
不管他祖母住在哪儿，他都愿和她住在一块儿。
2. 注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)
你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。
(三) 原因状语从句
1. 原因状语从句可用because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等引导。
It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.
我昨天是由于要去看我叔叔而进城的。
We could have a joint party, seeing that your birthday is the same day as mine.
既然你和我的生日在同一天，我们可以一起开个生日聚会。
2. for虽然常常被翻译成“因为”，但它并不是用来说明一种原因，而是用来表示一种附带，
或补充说明，或解释，或表示一种推理。for是并列连词，所连接的句子不放在句首。
He must have done it by himself for there was no one else in the room.
那事一定是他一个人干的，因为屋子里没有其他人。
(四) 目的状语从句
1. in order that与so that
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that 比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句一般置于主句之后。
He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.
他画了一张这个村子的草图，以便她会容易找到他的房子。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们早早就出发去山顶了。
2. for fear that与in case
这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为“以免，以防”，相当于so that...not...或in order that...not...。
Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.
他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
(五) 结果状语从句
1. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so ... that ..., such … that ...。在非正式语体中，
由so ... that ..., such ... that ... 引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so many/much/few/little+名词+that从句
such + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此好，我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
他挣得如此少，以至于不能养家。
It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.
这么小的虫子吃这么少的谷物并不令人感到惊讶。
2. 当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是如此聪明的学生，他能解出所有的难题。
3. 除结果状语从句外，too ... to ... (太……而不能……) ，enough to ... (达到某种程度可以……) ，so ... as to ... (那么……以至于……) 等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。
He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.
=He got up too late to catch the bus.
=He got up so late as to miss the bus.
他起得太晚了以至于没赶上车。
(六) 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (=if...not，除非) , so/as long as (只要) , in case (万一) , on condition that (条件是) , suppose/supposing (假设，如果) , provided that (如果) 等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard. (=if you don’t study hard)
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
(七) 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
You look as if you need a rest.
你看来好像需要休息。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
老妇人对那个男孩就像是自己的孩子。
(八) 让步状语从句
1. although/though (尽管，虽然) ，even though/even if (即使)
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
Although she joined the company only a year ago, she’s already been promoted twice.
虽然她一年前才加入公司，但是已经两次升职。
Even if he had been here, I should have said the same thing.
即使那时他在这里，我也会那么说的。(可用虚拟语气)
2. as引导让步状语从句须倒装
as从句一般放在主句之前，须用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。
Mu ch as I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive.
虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。
Try as he might, he could not find a job.
不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。
注意：though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。
3. whether ... or ... (不管……还是……) ；疑问词+ever与no matter +疑问词(不管……；无论……) 。
Whether you like it or not, you’re going to have to face him one day.
不管你喜不喜欢，总有一天你必须面对他。
Whatever (=No matter what) I suggest, he always disagrees.
无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。
注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。
You can take whatever you like. (宾语从句)
(九) 比较状语从句
1. 常用引导词：as (同级比较) , than (不同程度的比较)
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她妈妈脾气一样坏。
The house is three times bigger than ours.
这房子比我们的大三倍。
2. 特殊引导词：the more … the more …; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no… more
than; not A so much as B
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
你越锻炼就会越健康。
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
语法拓展训练
一、单项填空。
1. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.
A. though
B. before
C. until
D. if
2. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ______ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest.
A. why
B. how
C. unless
D. where
3. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. where
4. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day.
A. ever since
B. even if
C. soon after
D. in case
5. He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why
B. where
C. when
D. while
6. —Mom, what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher.
A. in where
B. in which
C. the place where
D. where
7. ______ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since
B. Unless
C. As
D. Although
8. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ______ there is human suffering.
A. whoever
B. however
C. whatever
D. wherever
9. ______ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
A. Unless
B. Because
C. Although
D. When
10. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ______ she was an only child.
A. ever since
B. now that
C. even though
D. even as
11. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ______ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as
B. as a result
C. in case
D. so that
12. It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before
B. since
C. after
D. when
13. It is known to all that ______ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
A. unless
B. whenever
C. although
D. if
14. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. until
15. Simon thought his computer was broken ______ his little brother pointed out that he had
forgotten to turn it on.
A. until
B. unless
C. after
D. because
16. It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that
B. until
C. since
D. before
17. ______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in
demand.
A. While
B. Since
C. As
D. If
18. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human
patients.
A. since
B. after
C. before
D. when
19. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasse s ______ eye protection is
necessary in sunny weather.
A. because
B. though
C. unless
D. if
20. You should try to get a good night’s sleep______ much work you have to do.
A. however
B. no matter
C. although
D. whatever
二、选词填空。
so long as; where; as if; even though; so that; in that; as; no matter how; the moment; now that
1. The children ran away from the orchard (果园) _______ they saw the guard.
2. Generally, air will be heavily polluted _______ there are factories.
3. _______ everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
4. The higher income tax is harmful _______ it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
5. The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters _______ he could sign them.
6. You will certainly succeed _______ you keep on trying.
7. Much _______ I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
8. The old man always enjoys swimming _______ the weather is rough.
9. _______ hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
10. She behaved _______ she were the boss.
三、翻译句子。
1. 等他到了，他会给我们讲讲那场比赛。
2. 当我走在街道上，有个美国人问我往最近的车站怎么走。
3. 我准备晚餐的时候，他在洗澡。
4. 那年轻女士一听到声响，就冲进房间。
5. 既然许多人一生都会犯一些错误，你最好给他一次机会。
6. 他一定是病了，因为他脸色这么苍白。
7. 考虑到他没有用功，他考得还算不错。
8. 我要给他一把钥匙，以便他随时都可以进入屋子。
9. 她从来没有把他带到河的附近，怕他掉到河里去。
10. 无论我们去与不去，结果总是一样。
四、真题回顾。
1. It was a nice meal, ______ a little expensive.
A. though
B. whether
C. as
D. since
2. ______ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since
B. Once
C. Unless
D. While
3. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______ it comes
out on DVD.
A. whether
B. after
C. though
D. until
4. The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if
C. in order that
D. only if
5. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you.
A. whenever
B. however
C. whichever
D. wherever
6. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______ my daughter heard cries for
help.
A. after
B. while
C. since
D. when
7. It was April 29, 2001 ______ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of
the wedding ceremony. (2011福建卷)
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. before
8. Frank insisted that he was not asleep ______ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether
B. although
C. for
D. so
9. As it reported, it is 100 years ______ Qinghua University was founded.
A. when
B. before
C. after
D. since
10. No matter how ______, it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry
B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry
D. dry may a desert be
11. He had no sooner finished his speech ______ the students started cheering.
A. since
B. as
C. when
D. than
12. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A. as three times big as
B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times
D. as big three times as
13. ______ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to
bedtime.
A. It
B. As
C. Although
D. Unless
14. ______ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since
B. While
C. If
D. As
15. He had his camera ready ______ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if
B. if only
C. in case
D. so that
16. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands
with.
A. whichever
B. whenever
C. whoever
D. wherever
17. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ______ he had done something
very clever.
A. as if
B. in case
C. while
D. though
18. Tim is in good shape p hysically ______ he doesn’t get much exercise.
A. if
B. even though
C. unless
D. as long as
19. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______
accompanied by an adult.
A. once
B. when
C. if
D. unless
20. ______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem
B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem
D. What serious a problem
21. Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break ______ she got to her office.
A. since
B. that
C. when
D. until
22. John thinks it won’t be long ______ he is ready for his new job.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. since
23. Today, we will begin ______ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A. when
B. where
C. how
D. what
24. She had just finished her homework ______ her mother asked her to practice playing the
piano yesterday.
A. when
B. while
C. after
D. since
25. My parents don’t mind what job I do ______ I am happy.
A. even though
B. as soon as
C. as long as
D. as though
26. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A. before
B. if
C. while
D. as
27. All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as
B. if
C. though
D. unless
28. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ______ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan
for one night.
A. if
B. when
C. which
D. since
29. ______ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the
former.
A. Before
B. Where
C. Unless
D. Until
30. —Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to ______ I’ll see him tom orrow.
A. though
B. unless
C. when
D. because
31. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ______ Brian gets back.
A. before
B. since
C. till
D. after
32. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ______ it rains or it’s very cold.
A. since
B. if
C. unless
D. until
33. ______ in the fields on a March afternoon，he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk
B. Walking
C. Walked
D. Having walked
34. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
35. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.
A. even if
B. which
C. where
D. so that
参考答案
一、单项填空
1-5 DCBDC 6-10 DDDAC 11-15 DBABA 16-20 DACAA
二、选词填空
1. the moment
2. where
3. Now that
4. in that
5. so that
6. so long as
7. as
8. even though
9. No matter how 10. as if
三、翻译句子
1. When he arrives, he’ll tell us all about the match.
2. As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest
station.
3. He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.
4. The young lady rushed into the room immediately/the moment she heard the noise.
5. Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance.
6. He must be ill, for he looks so pale.
7. Considering that he did not study hard, he did well on the test.
8. I will give him a key, so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.
9. She never took him near the river in case he fell in.
10. Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.
四、真题回顾
1-5 ADDCA 6-10 DBBDB 11-15 DBCBC 16-20 CABDC 21-25 CCBAC 26-30 ADBBD 31-35 ACBCC
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牛津译林版九年级英语上册任务型阅读理解专项练习七、阅读填空先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词．每个空格只能填一个单词．（本大题共1小题，每小题5分，共5分）49．（5分）Anxiety（焦虑）is the state of feeling worried or nervous．When you're anxious or stressed，you may feel something bad is going to happen． When you think of starting a new project or going into a group situation with people you don't know，do you feel fearful？Do you come up with lots of reasons not to do fun but risky things like joining a hiking club or a volunteer organization？If these happen，it shows that you are probably anxious，and your anxiety will stop you from going after your dreams．In fact，anxiety makes you less confident，while getting started and taking action help your anxiety go down．But where do you begin？ These suggestions below will let you be the master of your anxiety，rather than letting it master you． ? Don't wait for your anxiety to go down Your anxiety won't go down on its own．However，when you take action towards your goals instead of considering what anxiety you have，you will build self﹣efficacy（自我效能）little by little ﹣you begin to see yourself as someone who can take action and be successful even when you're feeling anxious． ? Set a realistic goal that makes sense for you We all have different personalities and hobbies．We don't all want to be lawyers，have hundreds of friends，or run marathons．Whatever you want，just find out what is the simplest thing you can do to get started．Set a detailed goal，for example，"walk for 20minutes three times next week"．You can't climb a mountain all at once and you're more likely to achieve your goals with inside motivation（动机）than when you're just trying to please others． ? Trust the process Faith （信仰）is the first step to take action．Even if you don't have faith to begin with，faith will come if you just take the first step．The more you take action，the more likely you are to succeed and begin to trust the process．I often start writing a blog post not knowing exactly what I'm going to write．Now I've understood that if I sincerely communicate with my readers，then the content will appear naturally and anxiety will reduce
译林牛津版高中英语选修9教案：U4 Project
牛津高中英语教学设计 单元：Unit 4 Behind beliefs 板块：Project Thoughts on the design: 本节课是把英语听、说、读、写的训练从课堂内拓展到课堂外的探究性学习课，旨在通过学生对阅读材料——中国最古老的佛教寺庙白马寺“The White Horse Temple”的熟悉的基础上，使学生在积极参与听、说、读、写等一系列的课堂活动的同时，了解佛教如何传入中国、白马寺的建筑风格及它在中国佛教史上的重要地位，以此引导学生探索“介绍一个宗教圣地”该从哪几个方面入手及该类文章的基本结构。然后根据具体的步骤，通过小组讨论、分工合作、信息检索、交流汇报等形式的活动，用英语完成一份报告：介绍历史上某个有影响的宗教圣地，最后呈现学习成果，创造性地完成学习任务，培养学生综合运用英语的能力。
Teaching aims: After reading a report about a historic religious site “The White Horse Temple”, the students will be able to know about the oldest Buddhist temple in China and what needs to be covered in a report like this. The students will also have the chance to practise their listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities while participating in classroom activities. At the end of the class, the students will practise how to write a report about a historic religious site. Teaching procedures: Step 1 Lead-in (PPT4) 1. Look at some pictures of oldest temple in China. Q: Do you know which Buddhist temple is the oldest in China? Then present two pictures of the White Horse Temple and students will know that the White Horse Temple is the oldest Buddhist temple in China. (PPT5) [Explanation] 学生在该部分主要了解中国最古老的佛教圣地——“The White Horse Temple”。 Step 2 Reading comprehension 1. Analyse the structure of the report Listening (PPT6) Listen to a report about a historic religious site The White Horse Temple. While listening, please find out what aspects about the White Horse Temple the report mainly covers. Then ask the students to answer the following questions. Q: What aspects about the White Horse Temple does the report mainly cover? (PPT 7)
高中牛津英语模块九unit2教案
基于深度备课的集体备课相关规定 南外仙林分校外语部 一、集体备课程序 1.开学初，备课组长负责制定《集体备课人员安排表》，将本学期集体备课主备 任务分解到人(暂定:高中年级1次/1 人，初中年级1次/2人,采用“主+次” 组合，由第一主备人执笔），按期上传至校园网公共平台。 2.主备人提前10天撰写出《单元教材内容分析》和《课时教学主备教案》并上 传至校园网，由备课组长发一线通提醒组内老师及时认真阅读，在校园网公共平台发表看法，提出修改意见，主备老师及时关注相关讨论。 3.备课组长按时召集组织集体备课，主备教师记录老师发言，汇总网上老师意 见，认真研究，对教案作必要修改后上传至校园网公共平台，并印发给组内老师。 4.授课教师认真阅读思考集体共案，根据学情及个人教学风格，对共案的教学 内容和教学方法等作出必要调整并在“备注”栏加以说明。 5.每位老师须保存好个人二次备课教案以备检查。
二、单元教学设计 注：目标要求可参阅南京外国语学校仙林分校《英语教学实施纲要》第四部分“目标内容”中的相关描述。 三、课时主备教案 课题AWE M9 U2 课型Welcome+Wordpower 主备人杨艳 Learning objectives: At the end of this period, students will be able to: 1. get involved in the discussion on historic sites; 2. express their opinions about the necessity of preserving their cultural heritages; 3. practise their spoken English and participate in all the activities. Focus of the lesson: 1. four pictures of famous historic sites 2. discussion of the proper way to preserve the cultural heritages