汽车专业英语期末考

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The Development of Automobile Diesel Technology

学院：诚毅学院

学期：2014-2015第一学期

课程：专业英语（一）

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The Development of Automobile Diesel Technology

The diesel is to burn diesel to gain energy release. It is invents by Germany inventor Rudolf Von Labon · Di Sal (Rudolf Diesel) on 1892, in order to commemorate this inventor, diesel is to use his family name Diesel to come to indicate that, but the diesel is also called the Di Sal engine .

The merit of Diesel is that it has great torsion and economy function. Diesel’s work have a lot of identical place , with petrol engine, every cycles have intake stroke,compression stroke , power stroke and exhausts stroke. Because the fuel of diesel is diesel but, its viscosity than the gasoline is greatly , but it's the auto-ignition temperature taking form and lighting the fire than the gasoline hangs down , all is different from the petrol engine. The different is, gas mixture in diesel air cylinder is that pressure burns , is not litten. Entering an air cylinder's is air when the diesel works, the temperature can reach 500-700℃, pressure can reach 40-50 atmospheric pressure when air compression in air cylinder arrives at a destination. The fuel system’s fule spray nozzle jetting fule with high pressure in short time when the piston near the TDC(top dead center),diesel forms the oily , the high-handed high temperature air mixes and, combustible gas mixture proper motion burns , violent swelling produces the burst power , the acting driving a piston to be issued to the lower levels, the temperature may amount to 1900-2000℃on this moment ,the pressure may amount to 60-100 atmospheric pressure , the moment of torsion coming into being is very big , so it’s applying to the big diesel equipment.

The American Kangmingsi company has adopt a pump to gush the glib implement formally in 1924, this has reduced a diesel effectively.In the same age ,truck mounting the MAN company of shown one equipment diesel in Berlin Motorama , this is the first automobile having diesel. The Benz company has produced out the first diesel saloons 2000 in 1936. Now, the diesel is already in childbirth in vehicle project by large-scale use .Auto industry is for instance , in recent years middle in our country , the diesel automobile produces proportion rising this year , our country produce the heavy duty truck and buses starting from 1997all adopt the diesel, 65.9%'s medium-sized truck adopt the diesel , 53.5%'s medium-sized passenger car adopt the diesel , 55.4% and 29.4% light truck and light passenger air to also begin to adopt the diesel . Several year of future is the Chinese auto industry rises rapidly times. Therefore, our country diesel oil vehicle output increase trend continue to return back with continuation, automobile diesel oil-rization being a

development direction of Chinese auto industry. Not only being in the homeland , abroad be also so-called. At present, 100% heavy type truck in 90% light vehicle adopt a diesel, the Europe and America country lathes , the Europe diesel oil saloon already has accounted for 32% of annual output saloon , France , Spain and other’s to reach more than 50% more highly. In the process of development of diesel technology, people realized that the effective and economic method to keep big batches of automobile and low cost production,but it can solve the energy problem.Therefore,the Europe discharges cleaner economy type saloon,or "the generation automobile plans in cooperation (PNGV), none exception field all looks on the diesel as the alternative optimum scheme , that 3 litres of saloon (hundred kilometers of oil consume 3 litres) exploitation succeeds is the primary leap being indicating the diesel technology. The government plans encouragement policy continuing putting low fuel oil tax revenue into practice within pretty long period in the days to come to such an extent that Europe composes in reply countries such as Japan, to promote development of diesel.

1.The tradition diesel

The characteristic of tradition diesel : Calorific efficiency and economy are fairly good , the diesel adopt the way of air compression to improve an air dampness , to exceed the temperature of the diesel. Now, entering diesel , diesel spraying with air commixture at this time. Therefore, the diesel engine don’t need the Ignition system. At the same time, the fuel system is simpler so the diesel is more reliable than petrol engine. Since not accepting the detonation restricting and diesel autoignition need,the diesel compression ratio is taller than petrol engine very much. Both calorific efficiency and economy better than the petrol engine, condition is lower at the same time in identical power , the diesel moment of torsion is big, maximum power time rotation rate hangs down, it’s more appropriate for truck.

(1).Crankpin and Connecting Rod:It’s mainly composed of engine block,crankshaft,connecting rod,piston and others.It has the function of energy conversion and moving conversion . Crankpin and connecting rod is a main ingredient of diesel, major component being also that the diesel is maintained.The crankshaft must be strong enough to take the down ward thrusts of the piston during the power strokes without excessive distortion.And to minimize vibration and bearing loads,the rod must be light in weight.

(2)Valve Train: The function of valve train is putting air to cylinder , the waste gas will come into being after burning discharges cylinder. Match composition such as making the main organization reason axial cam angry , standing the driving device that living , armature pusher , rocker arm assembly , air valve , air valve seat mark with a circle with the axial cam.There are two openings,or ports,in the enclosed end of the cylinder.One of the ports the mixture of air and diesel vapor to enter the cylinder.The other port permits the burned diesel,after combustion,to exhaust,or escape,from the cylinder.In the engine,cams on the camshaft cause the intake and exhaust valves to open and close.There is a cam on the camshaft for each valve or two cams per cylinder.The camshaft is driven by gears,or by a chain,from the crankshaft.

(3)Fuel system: That fuel system main function is that fuel provides clean air to the engine; The waste gas will discharges from cylinder; Diesel is gushed with high-handed fog shape entering a combustion interior, evaporation , commixture and combustion of making. It’s mainly have entering exhaust and fuel oil supplying with a device.

(4)Cooling system: The engine may pass magnanimous quantity of heat on to the block, head of cylinder and others in the job, it’s hang up the temperature rapidly, may lead to the unable regular transmitter job, therefore engine set up have cooling system to carry out a cooling on the engine, with regular guarantee engine working temperature.

(5)Lubrication system: The part would have friction when the engine was working , leads to resistance between the part when moving round the engine, to enhance, makes engine torque efficiency come down; Friction returns life time that can affect to the engine back , makes a transmitter can not work regularly even. For ensuring that the engine can work regularly, sets up the engine having lubricate system, carry out lubrication on the engine.

(6)The pneumatic is systematic: The diesel shifts to travel state process , moves towards the pneumatic being called a diesel from idle state. In the diesel starting system, except that the accumulator cell composes in reply a control circuit is motivation starter external .

2.The electricity gushes a diesel

The tradition diesel system adopt mechanical way to control the amounts of jetting and time of jetting. Mechanical movement’s lagging nature , the long time of control,

poor accuracy, as well as gushing painting a rate , gushing glib pressure and gushing oily time accuracy hard to control and so on , lead to dynamic athletics of diesel can not bring into full play, and exhaust to go beyond standard. Research indicates that, in general mechanical style gushes to gush under the control of accuracy painting regular time being controlled by 2°(crank shaft corner), but gush oil selecting every changing 10 °, fuel oil consumption is only capable to do increasing by 2%, HC increases by 16% with regard to row amount , the NOx row amount increases by 6%.

(1).The merit of diesel jetting

Comparing with mechanical tradition way, the electricity charges diesel oil for jetting system have the following merits :

①It has high accuracy of timing of jetting (higher than 0.5°) , reaction is faster;

②It can control the amounts of jetting rapidly,flexibly and accurately, gush oily amounts but adjustment , may come true jetting in advance, change gush the glib law;

③Gush oily pressure height (high-handed track electricity charges diesel for gushing glib pressure being up to 200 MPa systematically) , affected , optimized combustion process by engine rotation rate;

④It’s has no friction of the parting, the stability working over a long period of time are good;

⑤The structure is simple,reliable and convenient.It can apply again on the old and new engine by force.

(2).The type of electricity charges diesel for jetting system: The first generation diesel electromechanical charges adopt the location navar jetting system; The second generation diesel electromechanical charges adopt the duration control way jetting system.

(3).The essential principle of Electronic control diesel injection

The electricity charges diesel for jetting system be composed of 3 parts of sensors , controlling the element (ECU) and actuating mechanism. The sensor collects signals such as rotation rate , the temperature , pressure , rate of flow and accelerator pedal location, and imports real time detecting parameter a computer; ECU is that the electricity charges the systematic "conductor center " , carries out comparison, arithmetic on the parameter value that the information coming from a sensor stores up deeply, to ascertain the working optimum parameter; That actuating

mechanism gushes according to that the optimum parameter carries out under the control of, drive on gushing glib pressure , gushing oily amounts , gushing oily time , gushing the glib law and so on paints system , makes diesel duty reach the best.

3.The development of diesel technology on future automobile

Compare the petrol engine , the diesel are able to provide more powerful driving force and nicer fuel efficiency , the petrol engine’s low cost and relatively simpler fuel are to be that are what the diesel not have but under the control of. If synthesizing a diesel rude as well as, the petrol engine low cost, grinds the hair one new model engine again , what appearance its president becomes? The answer is Hyundai Motor to cooperating with Deerfu company , grind one internal money code name GDCI (Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition) engine , this engine is different from the rest that place depends on direct compression lights the fire , the sparking plug participates in unnecessarily.

Hyundai Motor cooperating with Deerfu , grinds GDCI , is to carry out an improvement on current petrol engine basis, on guarantee petrol engine’s low cost basis,they want to have more powerful force.The machine is still at experimental stage, be away from really popularizing time back to necessaries. GDCI compares with the petrol engine bringing a sparking plug along at present, it's fuel oil efficiency is able to improve 25%.

More different than the tradition petrol engine passes litten way of sparking plug, GDCI engine does not contain the sparking piston, air is able to pass warm-up before entering a combustion chamber ,the fuel not being able to gush the combustion chamber before the piston arrived at the TDC.So there are compressing the heated air in whole compression work.

When the piston stops burning on TDC, oil atomizer gushing a little fuel oil into the combustion chamber entering, after stopping burning on having pawned piston after, compression fuel is able to gush to this moment, combustion chamber, because air already warm-up and compression passes, under high-handed environment of high temperature, gush the fuel oil going in reaching the burning point combustion in the twinkling of an eye with air commixture , it’s unnecessarily ignite plug.

The homogeneous combustion is different from that point as we usually said, the recent HCCI engine route or distance of travel in the piston enters fuel oil with regard to already gushing into the combustion chamber , fuel oil and air already in the piston compression route or distance of travel sufficient commixture, be in a piston get to

before going ahead stopping burning, with regard to the compound temperature already reaching burning point. First ,modern GDCI engine, have 40%'s close to air admission air may be made use of by repetition, this is thickness that can increase the nitrogen oxygen compound exhausting greatly because the gas compound burns just now after going ahead stopping burning,one aerofluxus making use of these in circle coming to be able to improve fuel oil efficiency, cut down tail gas nitrogen oxygen compound blowoff.

Besides the sparking plug is different, the engine has coincided with present gush the turbine pressure boost straightly within popular jar most , the engine has also carried modern GDCI matching advanced technologies such as gas correct time system , turbine pressure boost. There has no sparking plug gets in the way certainly , not, gush the glib implement "empress " position with regard to being able to substitute a sparking plug, fuel oil is gushed accurately to piston head central authority place. The GDCI engine compression ratio is 14.8:1 , this composes in reply masses 2.0 L TDI diesel oil engine 16.5:1 compression ratios approximation.

Be compared with the diesel , the GDCI engine need to be superior in stratagem disregarding aspect such as being to depend on fuel oil commixture degree , air cylinder wall energy loss or exploding to be shocked all , get same dynamic output, that maximal GDCI engine job pressure is maximal actuating pressure of diesel only one fifth, 1800 2000 bars gushing paint and pressure above relative diesel , the GDCI engine gushes the function painting pressure every aspect such as also moving towards 500 bar retinue , maximum actuating pressure and gushing the lessening painting pressure being able to optimize fuel oil , blowoff and noise.

According to what introduced the Hyunori government GDCI engine cost will will be under the control of horizontal being lower than diesel cost's ,GDCI engine gushing paints an implement mainly in order that the solenoid type gushes the glib implement, but gushing that the diesel oil engine uses paints an implement is to be that relatively higher piezoelectric cost style gushes the glib implement.

Sum up:GDCI engine is still at experiment stage at present.The official announced that the first Hyundai Motor who carry the GDCI engine hopeful to appear in the inner in 10 accepting in the experimental stage . Be if the GDCI engine able to compose in reply respective merit of diesel combining with a petrol engine really at that time? We adopt a wait-and-see attitude!