实用英语写作教程答案
实用英语写作教程答案
【篇一：实用英语写作模板】
class=txt>1．感谢信(thanks-letter)
2．致歉信( letter of apology)
3．通知/布告/海报(notice; poster; announcement)
4．邀请函（invitation）
5．请假条（asking for leave）
6．失物招领（lost and found）
7．留言条（leaving a message / memo）
8．个人简历(resume)
9．名片(name card)
10. 贺卡/明信片(post card)
11. 祝贺信(letter of congratulations )
12. 求职信（application letter）
强烈推荐：
1．《实用英语写作》（胡文仲，2002，外语教学和研究出版社） 2．《英语使用文写作》（编写组，2003，社会科学文献出版社） 3．《新编实用英语综合教程》每个单元均有一个写作
模块（国家级规划教材，2002，高等教育出版社）
4．《使用能力测试全真模拟试题b级》（命题研究组，
2003，学林出版社）
5. 《使用文实例汇编》（秦世福主编，2000，复旦大学出版社）范文示例：
1.感谢信(thanks-letter)
key points:
1. expressions of your thanks
2. reasons and details
3. expressions of your thanks again.
2.致歉信(a letter of apology)
1. expressions of thanks/pitty
2. reasons/what happened
3. further actions/
4. expressions of pity/apologies again
3.通知/布告/海报(notice; poster; announcement)
title: notice
1. what
2. time
3. place
4. people involved
5. requirements
6. -------will be held in ----- at 3:00 in the afternoon, on friday, dec.15, 2005.
7. it includes ---------
8. all are expected to ---------------
9. all are warmly welcome.
10. there is a basketball match at---------
11. it is organized by ------------
【篇二：21实际大学实用英语综合教程第三册课后作
文】
are going to hold a graduation party at your house on sunday, june 27. the party will
start after your graduation ceremony, at about 4:00 p.m. write an invitation letter to your
friends.
dear wu ji,
you are invited to attend a graduation party at my house on sunday, june 27. the party will
start immediately after our graduation ceremony, at about 4:00. your parents and friends are
welcome, too.
i do hope you can come.
sincerely,
wang jun
unit2
1. how to start your letter:
? thanks for the invitation, and i am delighted to take part in the discussion
on web security.
? i gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming health care
seminar.
? i appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on december 15.
2. how to end your letter:
? thank you again for the invitation. see you on the 15th!
? thanks again for the invitation, and i look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
tips:
1. thank the recipient for inviting you.
2. say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
3. confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
4. ask for more information if you need to.
5. express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
kind invitationwill be pleased to attend
be held at the holiday inn
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
an informal letter of acceptance
june 24, 2004
dear wang jun,
after graduation is a great time to have a party. being at your house is always lots of fun.
my boyfriend, tom, will be coming, too.
thanks for the invitation.
best,
wu ji
an informal letter of refusal
june 24, 2004
dear wang jun,
i wish i could attend your graduation party. i know it will be lots of fun. unfortunately, my
parents have already invited some of our relatives over for a celebration. i wonder if you could
come by on monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. let me know if you can.
best,
wu ji
Ｕｎｉｔ３
how to write a request for a leave of absence
an employee or a student who is going to be absent from
his/her duties because of planned
hospitalization or other personal affairs must make his/her request for leave in advance. the
request should be made in writing by letter or on an appropriate form, as required. the written
request for leave should explain the reason for the request, and be forwarded to his/her supervisor
immediately.
things to include in a request for a leave of absence
the date that you are actually writing the letter/note, the name and title of the recipient of
the note, the name of the student/employee, etc.:
to: robert stone, manager
from: rainy zeng, sales department
date: july 2nd, 2004
subject: casual leave of absence
ask for leave at the beginning of the letter/note, stating clearly the time for leave:
mr. stone, i would like to ask for a casual leave of absence for one day on july 4th, this
wednesday.
explain the reason for the request and apologize for any inconvenience your absence might
cause:
this morning i received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to go for
immediate treatment of my teeth. i have been experiencing a severe pain, depriving me of my
sleep during the past nights. the situation could worsen, should infection occur.
concerning my workload: as wednesday is not as busy as the other weekdays, i think a
one day leave this wednesday may be the best solution. i apologize for the inconvenience my
absence from work may cause.
express your wish for approval at the end of the letter/note:
i’m looking forward to your kind answer.
j
june 5, 2004
dear mr. smith,
i’m sorry to tell you that i’m not feeling well today and had best not come to work. the doctor has told me that i have caught a bad cold and has advised me to stay in bed for a few days. now i’m writing to ask for several sick leave days. i’ll come back to work as soon as i feel better.
i appreciate your understanding.
yours
truly,
wang ying
Ｕｎｉｔ４
how to take a telephone message
when a telephone is answered on behalf of another person, a clear and concise message should be written. most organizations have a message pad specifically designed for that purpose.
often it is possi ble to simply write down the caller’s name; the person for whom the message is intended; and fill in the caller’s telephone number. sometimes it is important to write down a specific direction or message. this falls into the category of a short message and must express clearly and briefly what the caller wishes to communicate.
大学英语泛读教程第一册参考答案
大学英语泛读教程第一册参考答案 （高等教育出版社，2010年3月版） Unit 1 Chapter 1 A family sees America Together (P. 2—17) G. Blank Filling (P 11) 1. describing 2. journal 3. sign 4. websites 5. miss H. Translation (P. 12) 1. By using computers and the Internet 2. if we are friendly and helpful to others 3. learn about our country and (our) people 4. enjoyed his trip in Europe 5. on the day that/when they left Chapter two F. Word forms (p. 27) 1. a. solves (v.) b. solutions (n.) 2. a. education (n.) b. educate (v. ) 3. a. locate (v.) b. locations (n.) 4. a. construction (n.) b. construct (v.) 5. a. organization (n.) b. organizes (v.) G. Blank Filling (p. 28) 1. habitat 2. community 3. endangered 4. solution 5. For instance
英语泛读教程2参考答案(1-10)
英语泛读教程（第2册）参考答案 Unit One Comprehension Points 1.Every year at the same time the stars were in the same place in the sky. 2.They are the planets. 3.He thought that … (Page 2, parag. 12) 4.The idea was that the stars and the sun did not turn around the earth. Instead, it was the earth that was turning. The sun and the stars were not really moving. 5.Because they would upset the whole science of astronomy and cause cruel persecution by the Church. 6.Content/details. https://www.360docs.net/doc/bc9429577.html,mon. 8.Because radio telescopes find out new stars by picking up radio waves from them. 9.It means the group of stars that our earth is a member of. 10.The implication is that probably by then the earth has already been melted. 11.Every three days it gets very dim. It stays dim for a few hours, then it gets bright again. 12.Because a comet isn’t solid. It is thin like a cloud. Its tail is nothing but glowing gas. And its head is made of small pieces that could not hurt the earth. Exercises I. True or false 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F II. 1.略。 2.Four stages. Childhood, manhood, old age, and the last stage. 3.The very hottest ones are blue. Those not quite so hot are white, and those less hot than the white ones are yellow and red. 4.略。 5.They help sailors to find their way and they help us to tell time. Unit Two Comprehension Points 1.It means to function properly. 2.电气史上最伟大的人物之一迈克尔·法拉第写了一篇报告，介绍了一种叫做gutta percha 的类似橡胶的物质，这种物质是从生在在马来西亚的一种树上提取出来的。 3.It means to bring out of the water on to the land. 4.To lay a cable under the Atlantic. 5.To become weaker. 6.第一个it指的是the telegraph failed，第二个it指的是it ever worked，第三个it指的是 the cable. 7.Because a big ship can’t carry the end of the cable on to the shore, it will get stranded.
大学英语作文全
作文范文 请以“How should parents help their children to be independent?”为题，按照以下要点写作： 1. 目前很多父母为子女包办一切 2. 其实父母应该。。。。。。 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to …… And most children …… According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% ……and more than 85% ….. However, kids cannot depend on their parents forever because …… Besides, being independent …… Therefore, parents need to realize the importance of helping their children to be independent. Parents should encourage their children to …… By doing so, parents …… In addition, parents should urge their kids to …… For example, …… 范文 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to make arrangements and decisions for their children. And most children take such excessive attention for granted and depend on their parents for almost everything. According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% still accompany their children to schools, even to examinations, and more than 85% do housework for their kids including cooking meals and washing clothes.
实用英语写作大纲
达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。 本课程的教学任务是：在教学过程中，培养学生的实际交际、应用和解决问题能力并适当加入案例学习和贸易操作指南及练习，让学生在一个仿真模拟实践中了解和掌握一些涉外活动的基本程序和主要操作技能。 本课程的教学要求：通过对本课程的学习，要求学生将涉外业务知识与英语写作相结合，在已具备的英语读写能力基础上，重点掌握外贸信函、外贸电传的写作技巧。经过严格训练后，应
能独立、熟练和准确地起草以上各类信函，在今后的工作岗位上能熟练处理各种涉外业务。采用课堂教学和自主学习相结合的方式，充分运用先进的多媒体网络等现代化教育技术手段，引入计算机多媒体教学和网络教学平台，采用全方位、立体化、个性化的多媒体教学手段，提高教学效率和教学质量。 三、课程内容、学时分配及教学基本要求 Chapter 1 Basic Requirements for Writing （共2学时） （一）教学内容： 第一节词及句子 知识要点：词的选择与句子的表达 第二节段落及篇章 知识要点：段落及篇章的写作 教学重点：词汇的正确应用及句子的贴切表达 教学难点：如何组织段落及篇章结构 （二）教学基本要求： 1．了解英语词汇、句子的类型，理解其构成方式，懂得词汇及句子在写作中常见的错误，
北京大学英语三级泛读课网络测试题目及答案
06三级泛读课网络测试题目及答案注意：只开放两天，请学生们尽快查看。 第4课 1. The author wrote the essay in order to tell the reader _____. A. her struggle for civil rights B .her miserable childhood C. the life of the socially inferior black people in the 1960s D. the great impact the Civil Rights Movement had on her mind 2. What do we learn about Alice Walker’s childhood? A. She lived in the shadow of the white people. B. She was paralyzed and had to stay in bed all the time. C. She desired for exciting things to happen in her life. D. She was deeply attracted by the soap operas. 3. In what way was Alice Walker alive six years ago? A. She was cured of her serious illnesses. B. She achieved equality with the white people. C. She became a firm believer in Dr. King’s ideas. D. She was awakened to knowing her existence. 4. Why did Walker feel her mind and body were strangers? A. Because the color of her body didn’t allow thought and spirit. B. Because she lived as a number or a shadow. C. Because she was ashamed of her outer contours. D. Because she was ignorant of her existence. 5. Walker’s mother was persuaded by the soap operas that _____.
大学英语作文-大一生活感想英语作文(4篇)
大学英语作文 大一生活感想英语作文（ 4 篇） 【大一生活感想英语作文篇一】 Time spent at a university is a most worthwhile period in a young person 's life. This is a time when a student begins to form. his or her ideas about life in general. Attending classes and studying in the library keep a student busy and provide him or her with access to valuable information, adding to his or her knowledge base. Campus life can also be rich and colorful. Most universities offer a variety of extracurricular activities such as sports events, contests, and other social gatherings, enabling the students to experience relief fi 'om study and homework. Students often form. lifelong friendships through the varied experiences of university life. During the time a student spends at university, he not only develops his intellectual ahilites,he also develops social skills as well as knowledge and wisdom necessary for choosing a future career. By learning how to balance intense study and recreation, a student will be well prepared for the
3级实用英语写作句子
实用英语应用能力写作相关句型（基于历年真题） 1．英文书信格式日期：2010-12-13 收件人：无具体收信人落款：王林职位：销售经理正文用横线表示 Dec. 13th 2010 Dear Sir or Madam: …… Yours sincerely, Wang Lin Sales Manager 2．感谢你日的来信 Thank you for your letter of 10th Dec. 3．我写信是要投诉…… I am writing this letter to complain about … 4．上个月在你们商店买的手机 the mobile phone which I bought in your shop last month 5．对此我感到很生气 I am very angry about it 6．我已经把手机邮寄回去 I have already sent the mobile phone back to you by post
7．强烈要求尽快给我退款 I strongly insist that you refund me as soon as possible. 8．写信了解有关价格以及售后服务的情况(能否发给我们一些信息，如最新的价目表和售后服务情况) Could you please send us some information, such as the latest price list and the after-sale services about them 9．希望尽快得到您的回信I’m looking forward to your early reply. / We’re looking forward to your prompt response. / I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 10．随信附上目录及价目表Enclosed, please find an illustrated catalogue and a price list 11．根据你们订购的数量，我们会提供相应的折扣 We also allow a discount according to the quantity ordered. 12．您最近过的怎么样生意如何 How are you doing these days and how about your business 13．这笔款项已经过期10天 the payment is already 10 days overdue 14．我写信提醒您…… I am writing to remind you that …15．请您…… would you please … 16．市场部经理 Marketing Manager 17．人事部经理 manager of personnel department 18．将要在12月14号到16号召开的会议 the meeting to be held
大学英语泛读教程练习答案详解
READING COURSE Book 4 Unit 2 Exploration Section A Word Pretest 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A Reading Comprehension 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B Vocabulary Building Idioms 1. has a green thumb 2. is a breeze 3. has two left feet 4. has a golden touch 5. has a nose for 6. is easy as pie General Vocabulary Exercise 1. illegality 2. ambitiously 3. discriminative 4. persistent 5. resistance 6. Contamination 7. invalid 8. fantastically 9. specifically 10. have amused 11. magical 12. ignorant 13. survive 14. explored 15. intimidate 16. bulky 17. pilgrimage 18. galaxy 19. transformation 20. alienated Analogies 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.B Cloze until Most reached from ice combined and deep over includes in Section B 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B Section C 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.T 11.T 12.T Unit 4 Cigarettes
大学英语专业泛读教程第二册参考答案
大学英语专业泛读教程第 二册参考答案 Last revision on 21 December 2020
Unit 1 Text： B. 1. b 3. c 4. c 5. d 6. c 7. d 8. d Fast Reading： 12 c Home Reading： Unit 2 Text： B. C. Reading Skills Fast Reading：
Home Reading： Ｕnit3 Text: A. c B. C. Fast Reading: Home Reading: 7. d 8. d 9. a 10. d Ｕnit4 Text： Dealing with Homonyms 1.counsel ( advice / We counseled them patience and hard work. ) council ( committee / The state council issued a new decreed. ) 2 complement ( supplement / The two tools complement each other. ) compliment ( praise / A book was sent to him with compliments. )
3 elicit ( obtain / They tried to elicit answers from her. ) illicit ( unlawful / Beware of illicit dealings. ) 4 principal ( main / The principal task is to get his consent. ) principle ( rule / He is a man of principle ) 5. stationary ( fixed / Stationary targets are easy to aim at. ) stationery ( writing materials / They bought three pens at the stationery counter. ) 6. aisle ( doorway / She walked along the aisle in the church. ) isle ( small island / There are some isles not far away from the continent. ) 7. canvas ( picture / The painter put his canvas on the wall. ) canvass ( seek votes / They claimed to have canvassed half of the votes. ) 8. discrete ( particular / On the table are some discrete pages from a book. ) discreet ( careful / He is always discreet. ) Fast Reading： 1，c ， Home Reading： Ｕnit 5 Text: A. c B. l. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. d 6. b 8. a 9. b 10. c D. l. a 2. b 3, a 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. d Fast Reading: l. d 2. d 3.'d 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. b 8. d 9. d 10. c 12. d 13. c 14. c 15. d Home Reading: 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. d Ｕnit 6 Text:
英语泛读教程3第三版答案
英语泛读教程3第三版（刘乃银版）答案 Unit 1 Text: A. c B. bdabb ddc D. addad cdb Fast Reading: dbdda abaad cbbdc Home Reading: dacdd aab Unit 2 Text: A. b B. ddbcd cca D. badda caac Fast Reading: dbbdc bdbdb cddbd Home Reading: cbdcc dbbd Unit 3 Text: A. d B. badab bdddc D. bddba cbcaa Fast Reading: cbbba ccdda ccdad Home Reading: dbcbd dbdb Unit 4 Text: A. c B. ddbcd dc D. abdbb addad Fast Reading: dbccd bdadd badcd Home Reading: dadac bcd Unit 5 Text: A. c B. abdaa dcbd D. dbabb dabcb da Fast Reading: caabd cbddc cdbab Home Reading: bccdb dc Unit 6 Text: A. b B. cbcab ddad D. badaa cbaac Fast Reading: cabcd aadcb ccdab Home Reading: ccdcd abc Unit 7 Text: A. d B. acbda dcaac D. abaac daccd ad Fast Reading: daada cddbc bdcdb Home Reading: cbadb cddbc Unit 8 Text: A. c B. cddcc dccb D. abdac aaa Fast Reading: ccacd bbdad babdd Home Reading: dbdbc cbcd Unit 9 Text: A. c B. bccbc dbba D. dcbab dacba c Fast Reading: dcbca bccbc bcddd Home Reading: dcdca bd Unit 10 Text:A. c B. cdccd bacac D. dcdbc acadc bd Fast Reading: dbdcc dccdb bddca Home Reading: cadcb acbb Unit 11 Text: A. d B. adacc dcb D. abacb dcaab adc Fast Reading: dcdab ccbda ccbca
大学英语作文万能模板
大学英语作文万能模板 （一）段首句 1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
大学英语泛读教程第二册答案
Keys to Reading Course 2 Unit 1 Reading Section A Word Pretest 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C Reading Comprehension 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C Vocabulary Building Word Search 1. assignment 2. irony 3. reverse 4. accomplish 5. assemble 6. squeeze 7. sensual 8. fragment 9. narcotic 10. adolescence Use of English 1.Bob agreed to take on the leadership of the expedition. 2.The world was taken in by his fantastic story of having got to the Pole alone. 3.He took up his story after a pause for questions and refreshments. 4.That takes me back to the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji. 5.The members of the party took it in turns to steer the boat. 6.They took it for granted that someone would pick up their signals and come to their aid. Stems 1.proclaim: to announce officially and publicly; to declare 2.percentage: a proportion or share in relation to a whole; a part 3.confirm: to support or establish the certainty or validity of; to verify 4.affirm: to declare positively or firmly; to maintain to be true 5.centigram: a metric unit of mass equal to one hundredth of a gram 6.exclaim: to express or utter(something) suddenly or vehemently Synonyms 1. adaptability 2. purpose 3.strained 4.hold 5.defeat Cloze important second France student bilingual monolingual serious means use difficult Section B 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.T 11.T 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T Section C 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.F Unit 2 Music Section A Word Pretest 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B Reading comprehension 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F V ocabulary Building Word search 1. folk 2. capacity 3. sensuous 4. qualified 5. abuse 6. stuff 7. mood 8. clarity 9. strive Semantic variations 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6.B Stems
大学英语泛读第三版第四册课后答案 主编 张砚秋(完整版)
Text 1 Words that Work Miracles 1.FFTTFFFT 2.DBDAAC (P4) 3.translate the following sentences into Chinese (P5) 1)Yet we must bask in the warmth of approval now and then or lose our self-confidence. 可是我们都要时常享受到热情地赞美，否则我们就会失去自信。 2)When we are proud of our self-image,we feel confident and free to be ourselves. 当我们对自身的形象感到骄傲时，会有自信心，感觉很自在。 3)A new minister called to a church jokingly referred to as "the refrigerator",decided against criticizing his congregation for its coolness toward strangers.Instead,he beban welcoming visitors from the pulpit and telling his flock how friendly they were. 一位牧师到一座教堂上任，这座教堂被开玩笑地称作“冰箱”，他没有批评教堂的教徒们对陌生人冷漠，而是站在讲坛上欢迎来访者，并对大家说他们是多么的友善。 4)Coming home after a hard day's work ,the man who sees the faces of his children pressed against the window,watching for him,can water his soul with their silent but golden opinion. 经过一天的劳累，一位父亲回到家，看到孩子们把小脸贴在玻璃窗上等他回家，这无声然而珍贵的赞美滋润了他的心田。 1.fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.change the form where necessary. (P6) 1.live with 2.add to 3.take for granted 4.live up to 5.now and then 6.boil down to 7.decide against 8.once in a while 2.translate the following sentences into english ,using the words given in brackets.(p6) 1.你应该多吃点，不然你会把自己弄出病来。 You should eat more ,or you will get out of the disease to . 2.虽然哈里尽量让人觉得语气平和，但她显然生气了。 Although Harry try his best to sound calm ,obvious angry. 3.她立刻指出那不是她的错。 she was quick to pointed out that it is not her fault 4.弟弟住在离家很远的地方，我们渴望得到他的消息。 brother lies far away from home,we are hungry for the news of him. 5.如果你们有什么不懂的地方，请随意打断我。 if you have what not understand place ,please fell free to interrupt me. TEXT4 To Face Life with Courage 1.FTFTT FTT(P33) 2.DDCCCD(P34) 3.translate the following sentences into Chinese(P35)
英语泛读教程1答案
Unit 1 University Student Life Section A Word Pretest 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B Reading Comprehension l. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F Vocabulary Building Word Match rationally in a way based on reason rather than emotions established accepted; recognized various different panic sudden fear consolidate s trengthen assignment homework biological of living things flexible not fixed strenuous stressful; requiring effort and energy master overall recreation way of spending free time estimate calculate roughly routine regular; usual priority first concern relaxation rest 1. flexible 2. established 3. panic 4. strenuous 5. priority 6. routine 7. Rationally 8. recreations Suffix 1. familiarize 2. visualize 3. merely 4. idealize 5. finalize 6. necessarily 7. physically 8. highly Cloze favorable their respected professors authority role expect need several changes Section B 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D Section C l. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A
实用英语写作理论
Chapter one—Principles of Business Communication 4C原则：Conciseness(简洁), Clarity（明晰）, Correctness（准确），Courtesy(礼貌) Effective written workplace communication needs to show: ● A style which is clear and concise（conciseness, clarity） ● A tone which is polite but not overly modest (courtesy) ● A presentation which contains no errors of format and language (correctness) Workplace writing types: ●Informative writing: inform the reader about a product or service The aim is to improve understanding. ●Persuasive writing: persuade the reader that this product or service is a good one and worth buying The aim is to stimulate emotions and develop enthusiasm. Levels of formality in business communication: ●Bottom-up communication: To a superior=more formal ●Top-down communication: From a superior=more formal ●Sideways communication: To and from people of same rank=less formal Chapter two—Writing Memos Memos writing guidelines: A memo (memorandum) is an administrative document. It ●Is used only for communication within a company. It is an intra-company document and is not used for inter-company communication ●May be distributed top-down ( from superiors to subordinates) or bottom-up ( from subordinates to superiors) ●Deal with a single topic ●Names its sender(s) and recipient(s) clearly ●Has short, easily readable paragraphs ●May have sub-headings and numbered sub-sections ●May be distributed electronically or in hard copy Using the right language is not only a question of selecting correct vocabulary and grammar. Speakers and writing also need to take into account: ●who they are addressing( the audience) ●why they are speaking or writing( the purpose) ●how they are communicating( the method) Using formal language increase the ‘social distance’between a sender and a recipient. Informal language reduces this distance. Chapter three—Writing Letters of Request