新视野大学英语第二册教案

新视野大学英语第二册(第三版)教

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New Horizon College English

BOOK 2

(3rd Edition)

Unit 1 An Impressive English Lesson

课型：□ 理论课√ 理论、实践课□ 实践课

课时分配： 6

教学环境：多媒体教室

教学目标：

After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to:

1. understand the main idea and structure of Section A and Section B；

2. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the texts

3. talk about language teaching and learning and express their opinions about current way of teaching in an English class;

4. read with the skill ―finding key ideas in sentences;

5. write a composition with three main parts: introduction, body and conclusion. Key Issues：

1. Vocabulary

Tedious, absorbed, allergic, capture, condense, exceed, distinguish, distinctive, complimentary, complementary, proclaim, evidently, adequate, competent, adjust, beneficial

2. Skills

Learn to read with the skill ―finding key ideas in sentences and write a composition with three main parts: introduction, body and conclusion.

Potential Problems and Difficulties

●To talk about language teaching and learning

●write a composition with three main parts: introduction, body and conclusion.

●To apply the phrases and patterns

Methodology:

A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction like questioning and answers. Small group works are always needed while discussing the questions and the difficult translation practice. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given in their extracurricular study.

Teaching Aids: Visual aids, projector, stereo and microphone

Group work and pair work

Conduct of Tasks and Activities

（师生互动方式Mode of Interaction; 学习策略Learning Strategies）

Students-centered, Task-based teaching and learning

Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Lead-in

I. Greeting and warming-up questions discussion.

1. What are the key factors that help people learn English as a foreign language

2. Do you have any problem in English learning

3. Do you think grammar is important in English learning

II. Listening and discussing.

1. Listening practice.

2. In your opinion, what is the most effective way to learn English

III. Listening to a talk and answer questions on page 2

Step 2 Section A An Impressive English Lesson

I. Cultural background American university education

is Communicative Language Teaching

A type of teaching method;

Develop the communicative ability as well as the knowledge of grammar; Learning by doing;

Make classroom situation of real foreign language environment.

2. What are the features of Communicative Language Teaching

Communicative competence is the goal;

An integration of grammatical and functional teaching;

Accuracy is secondary to conveying a message;

Focus on communicative and contextual factors in language use;

Learner-centered and experience-based.

3. What is the role of teacher in Communicative Language Teaching

A facilitator of students’ learning;

A manager of classroom activities;

An advisor of students’ questions;

A co-communicator in the communicative activity.

II. Language Points

Words and expressions

1. oddity: n. [C] a strange or unusual person or thing 怪人；怪物；奇特的东西With his neat suits on, he felt like an oddity walking in this poor neighborhood. 穿着笔挺的西装走在这个贫民区里，他觉得自己就像个怪物。

2. oblige

The word oblige is most commonly used in the expression be/feel obliged. 1) be/feel obliged to do sth. 指“感到有责任做某事”。

例如： He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。

2) be/feel obliged to sb./sth. 指“对某人或某事心存感激”。

例如： Thank you very much, doctor. I am extremely obliged to you. 医生，非常谢谢您。对您，我深表感谢。

3. How was it? (spoken) often used in conversation to ask sb. about their opinion or experience of sth. 怎么样（口语常用表达，用于询问看法或经历）Did you watch the movie last night How was it 你昨天晚上看那部电影了吗感觉怎么样

I was told that you had traveled to many places in Asia recently. How was it 有人告诉我你最近跑了亚洲的很多地方，旅行怎么样

4. full of: (followed by abstract nouns) feeling or showing a lot of particular emotion or quality （感觉、表达或表现出）充满某种情感（特质）的 full of excitement/energy/hope/happiness/praise 充满兴奋/活力/希望/幸福/赞美 The teacher was full of praise for the homework that the students had done. 老师对学生们完成的功课赞不绝口。

Lucy is a happy child and always full of life. 露西是个快乐的孩子，总是充满了活力。

5. “It was, like, whoa!” means “It was really great!”. “It was like …” is an informal expression in conversation, very common for young people who are lazy and incapable to reference their ideas.

The expression is usually followed by an adjective or an exclamation. It was, like, marvelous! 简直奇妙极了！

(It was like) Whoa! How come you got a hundred percent correct on such a hard test 哇! 这么难的考试你怎么都全答对了

Note: Whoa is specifically used to show that people are surprised or think something is very impressive. It can be used in different contexts. For example: ﹒

To describe something that you’re not quite sure how to describe: That car is so cool, it’s like, whoa.

To express surpr ise: Whoa! It’s really amazing!

To indicate a desire to end what someone is talking: Whoa, OK, that’s enough.

6. And that was it. (Para. 4)

Meaning: And that was everything she said, without even mentioning any details of her wonderful experience in Europe.

That was it.: often used in conversation to say that sth. is completely finished or that a situation cannot be changed 就这样（指某事彻底结束或形势不能更改）

That was it. I could no longer hope for a promotion, and my boss didn’t even want to see me again. 就这样吧，我的升职再也没指望了，我的老板甚至不想再见到我。 That’s it. There is nothing more we can do. 就这样吧，我们也再没有别的办法。

7. distinguished, distinctive, distinct

这三个词词形相近，但意思有很大的差别，不能互换使用。

1) distinguished指“卓越的；杰出的；著名的”。

例如： His grandfather had been a distinguished university professor. 他的祖父曾

是一位杰出的大学教授。

2) distinctive指“（特征、性格或外表）独特的，有明显不同的”。强调“表示差别的”、“有特色的”、“特殊的”。

例如： Irene had a very distinctive voice. 艾琳有一个非常独特的声音。 Can you find the distinctive watermarks of this stamp 你能看到这枚邮票上明显的水印吗Pupils in Hong Kong usually have distinctive badges on their school uniforms. 在香港，小学生的校服上常戴有颇具特色的徽章。

3 )distinct表示“分明的；明了的；清楚的”。

例如： I have the distinct feeling that my friend did not realize what was happening. 我明显感到我朋友并未察觉所发生的一切。

The photo you took in Hong Kong Cultural Centre is not distinct enough. 你在香港文化中心拍的那张照片不够清晰。

She has a distinct pronunciation. 她的发音清楚。

There is a distinct smell of smoke in my room. 我的房间里有一股明显的香烟味。distinct的另一个词义是“明显不同的；有区别的”。例如： Our interests were quite

distinct from those of them. 我们的兴趣与他们的兴趣截然不同。

现将distinct和distinctive 用在一个句子里，以便区分： One of the distinctive features of this book is its distinct illustrations. 这本书很明显的特点之一就是其具有清楚明了的图解。

8. proclaim, claim

1) proclaim是正式宣告或公开宣告，“宣告”的中文意思比“声明”要严肃。例如： The government has proclaimed a new law. 政府已公布了一项新法令。They proclaimed that he was a traitor. 他们宣称他是叛徒。 The ringing bells proclaimed the birth of the prince. 响亮的钟声宣布了王子的诞生。

2) claim是根据权利声明，根据权利要求索赔，根据权利认领。

(1) 声称；断言；主张。例如： They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease. 他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的方法。 She claimed that the ring was stolen, not lost. 她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。

(2) 要求；索赔。例如： The old man claimed the land. 老人要求得到这块土地。 I claim payment from my friend. 我要求我的朋友付款。

是动词expose的名词形式，动词expose常用于短语be/get exposed to中，表示“接触；体验”。

例如： Some children are never exposed to classical music. 有些孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。

Having been exposed to all kinds of dangers in the forest, the girl felt helpless and began to cry. 那个女孩在森林里体验了各种危险后，感到很无助，就哭了起来。

10. adequate, abundant

1) adequate表示“在数量或质量上足以满足特定的标准”，强调刚好够用、没有多余。

例如：He doesn’t earn a large salary but it is adequate for his needs. 他挣钱不多，但也够用了。

2) abundant表示“充裕；绰绰有余”，强调数量很多或充足有余。例如： We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有他犯罪的充分证据。 Collocation note: In Paragraph 7, we have two collocation pairs with the same word: advanced/proper vocabulary for our attention.

11. adjust, adapt

1) 当表示“适应…环境”时，adjust和adapt差不多。常与to搭配。可以说adjust (sth./oneself ) to sth.和adapt (sth./oneself ) to sth.。其中adjust和adapt互为同义词。例如： Once you get to the United States, you will have to adjust yourself to a completely new lifestyle. 一旦你到了美国，你就需要进行调整，以

适应美国全新的生活方式。

The children found it hard to adapt to the new school. 这些孩子们发现很难适应这所新学校。

The body adjusts itself to changes of temperature. 身体会自行适应温度的变化。Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. 智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才学是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、批判和想象。

2 )adjust作及物动词用时，还有“调节；使…适合；校准”之意，而adapt不

表示此意。例如： adjust a radio (dial) 调准收音机的选台指针 adjust color on a TV 调整电视的色彩 adjust one’s tie in a mirror 照镜子整理领带 adjust a telescope to one’s eyes 调节望远镜使之适合眼睛观看 adjust a clock 调准时钟3) adapt作及物动词时，还有“（改装）使适合；改编”之意，其同义词是modify，不是adjust。例如： These teaching materials can be adapted for older children. 这些教材修订一下可以给大一点的孩子用。 He adapted his old car engine to the boat. 他把他的旧汽车上的引擎用到那只船上。

12. beneficial常与to连用，引出对谁有利、有帮助、有用。

例如： Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the environment. 骑自行车对身体和环境都大有裨益。

Collocation note: In Paragraph 7, we have come across competent communication and here we have precise communication and beneficial communication. In Paragraph 2 of Text B careful readers will not miss adequate communication skills. For more collocation pairs, please refer to the notes on collocation for this unit. Useful expressions

Practical Phrases

1. be/feel obliged to do sth. (因形势、法律、义务等等关系而)非做不可，迫使

2. fresh from 刚从……来的；刚有……经历的

3. distinguish between 区分；辨别

4. get/feel/be lost 迷惘；困惑；不知所措

5. look upon sb/sth. As 把某人/物看作

6. be equipped with sth. 以……为装备；配备

III. Functional Patterns and Functions & Usages

sb/sth. do/is sth. , then perhaps … 用于表述“在特定条件下可能发生的事情”。2. sb fail to do sth…., while sb should do sth…. 用于表述“实际情况与预期的反差”。

3. While sth./sb is/does …, sb/sth. else is/dos …用于表述“人与人之间或事与事之间的反差”。

Step Three Language application 45 minutes

1. Writing devices:

Simile

Simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like. Examples:

Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in a well-conditioned car.

A poem: My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose

我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰

----Robert Burns 罗伯特•彭斯 Practice

a. 生活像一具大秋千(swing)，总在开心和忧愁间摇摆(dangle)。

Life is like a big swing, dangling between the depths of happiness and sadness. b. 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针(compass)。 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

c. 婚姻就像一座城堡(beleaguered fortress)，外面的人想进去，里面的人想出来。

Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and those within want to get out.

2. How to write a college essay:

An essay normally has three main parts: Introduction, body and conclusion. Introduction: The introduction part is usually one short paragraph that introduces the topic to be discussed and the thesis statement. A thesis statement can be an opinion, an attitude or a stand about the topic.

Body: The body is the main part of an essay. It may contain several short paragraphs that use the development methods of examples, narrative, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, classification, argumentation, etc.

Conclusion: The conclusion wraps up the discussion of a certain topic. It can briefly summarize the main points discussed and can also restate the thesis statement by using diff erent words and structures. At the end of the conclusion, the writer’s final thoughts on the topic may be added such as a predication, a suggestion, or a warning.

Writing practice

Directions: Write an essay of no less than 150 words on one of the following topics. One topic has an outline you can follow.

Topic: Grammar, a headache to me

Introduction: Thesis statement: English Grammar is a big headache to me. Body: Example: The difference between used to and be used to

Conclusion: I’m allergic to l earning English grammar.

More topics:

• Learning English through imitation / repetition

• Learning English with / without grammar

IV. Structure Analysis:

Main idea of section A: this text is a narrative that talks about the author’s personal experience in giving an effective English lesson to his son. He claims that students can learn better if they are properly taught.

Part I (Paras. 1-5) This part introduces the background of the story. It presents the thesis statement: Students unfairly bear the bulk of the criticism for these knowledge deficits because there is a sense that they should know better.

Part II This part contains two major sections to support the author’s point of view. The first section claims that students should not be blamed for their language deficiency due to two major reasons:1) they are misled by the language environment;2) they are not learning the language adequately and efficiently in school. The second section elaborates the author’s personal opinion about the importance of grammar and vocabulary, by way of metaphors.

Para. II (Para. 14-17) Toward the end, the author narrates another incident where his son unconsciously uttered a grammatically perfect sentence with a subjunctive mood and he’s proud of his son.

Step 3 Language points

Detailed study of the text

1. If I am the only parent who still corrects his child’s English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to. (Para. 1) Meaning: My son is probably right if there is no other parent like me who still corrects his child’s mistake in English. To my son, I am a boring and strange father, who he has to listen to I am also the one who pays lots of attention to grammar rules, which he doesn’t seem to like.

2. She nodded three or four times searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, it was like, whoa!"

Meaning : she nodded her head three or four times, tried to find the right words in her mind and then shouted with excitement it was like whoa!

Meaning beyond words: Since the student was not quite sure how to exactly describe her travel experience, the tone of the author is somewhat sarcastic. The author intended to send out the message that the student was incompetent regarding the selection of her English vocabulary.

search somewhere for sth.: try to find sth. in some place 在某地方搜寻某物

The robber reached out and searched the back pocket of my trousers for anything valuable. 那个盗贼伸手搜我裤子后面的口袋以寻找值钱的东西。

Note The heavens means the sky: here search the heavens for the right words" implies the student

tried hard to find suitable words to describe what she saw and experienced when traveling in Europe.

civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in condensed non-statement.

Meaning: The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were just described in one word rather than a complete statement because of her inability to choose appropriate words to express herself 。

4. My student ―whoa‖ was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress. (para. 4)

Meaning: My head-shaking distress at her inability to express properly was even greater than her slang term whoa, one word, which did not make any statement to describe the civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture.

Meaning beyond words: The word exceed states explicitly that the authors worry about his student's language inability was much more intense than her excitement.

5. Surely students should be able to distinguish between their/there/they're on the distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary (para. 5) Meaning: Of course, students should be able to recognize and understand the differences between their/ there/they're on the obvious difference between complimentary and complementary distinguish: recognize the differences between things 区别；辨别

A formal education with emphasis on history literature and culture helps a person learn how to distinguish right from wrong着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。

distinguish between: recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people区分；辨别

The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the write r’s opinions or interpretations.批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实，什么事作者自己的看法或解释能力。

★distinctive: a. easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type与众不同的；特殊的；特别的

The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。

6. For example signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary, even though the actual stationery - pads, albums and notebooks - are not items nailed down. (para. 6) Meaning: For example , signs of merchandise in grocery stores lead students to

the ―stationary‖ department selling stationery like pads =, albums and notebooks. However, these displayed stationery items are movable but not nailed down. Meaning beyond words: Taking the wrong spelled signs in grocery stores as an example, the author argues that it is not students’ fault. The verb phrase nail down is cleverly used to describe the funny situation: movable ―stationery‖ items are under the sign of unmovable stationary distinct spelling mistake between the two words. Here you are surrounded by great resource: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on. (para4)

7. Therefore, it doesn’t make any sense to criticize our students (para. 6) Meaning: So, there's no good reason to criticize our students. Which is unfair to them.

8. Moreover, the younger teachers themselves evidently have little knowledge of these vital structures of language because they also went without exposure to them. (para. 7)

Meaning: In addition, the young teachers obviously know little about these important structures of language since they also didn’t have the chance to deal with them in their prior learning experiences.

moreover: ad. (fml.) in addition-used to introduce information that adds to or supports what has previously been said 而且；再者；此外

Moreover, they become more concerned about their health as they grow older. 此外，随着年龄的增长，他们更加关注自己的健康。

9. The chance came when one day I was driving with my son. As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird in jerky flight and said, ―It's flying so unsteady.‖ (para . 8 ) Meaning: The opportunity to teach him English came when we were both on a car heading for our trip. On seeing a bird flying unsteadily, he commented that the bird was flying unsteady. jerk: n. [C] a sudden quick movement 猛的一动；猝然一动The old bus started with a jerk, so the passengers shook a sudden. 那辆旧的公共汽车猛地一动，车上的乘客都突然摇晃了一下。

jerky: a. moving roughly with many starts and stops （在进行中）不平稳的，颠簸的

After the bus came to a jerky halt, the passengers got the hurriedly. 公共汽车颠簸着停下来以后，乘客们都匆忙下车了。

10. Curious about my correction he asked me what an adverb was. Slowly, I

said, ―it's a word that tells you something about a verb.‖ It led to his asking me what a verb was. I explained, ―Verbs are action words; for example, Dad drives the truck. Drive is the verb because it's the thin g dad is doing.‖ (para. 9)

Meaning: fascinated by my correction, he wondered what an adverb was. After he got the answer, he went on with the question of a verb. To explain vividly to him, I used the example of driving: an action I was doing. Meaning beyond words: The boy was very alert to something new or interesting. His learning experience illustrates that learning grammar is not necessarily boring.

11. Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions. (para. 10)

Meaning: After that, because of his curiosity, he asked me if other words also had specific names for their use and the roles they play.

out of curiosity: because of curiosity 出于好奇

She decided to follow him out of curiosity.出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。

12. Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust vocabulary). Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in a well-conditioned car (para. 11)

Meaning: Maybe, you should regard language as a road map and a very precious property you have. You should often look at the road map (review grammar) and make small changes to your car engine (improve vocabulary).

Meaning beyond words: The road map and the car are used metaphorically to mean that grammar and vocabulary are powerful devices that will enable you to freely explore in the language world.

13. Equipped with grammar and a good vocabulary, you have flexibility and excellent control. (para. 12)

Meaning beyond words: Just as traveling with a road map and a good car, with the help of grammar knowledge and a large vocabulary, you will feel more comfortable and confident when using the English language.

be equipped with sth: be provided with the things that are needed for a particular kind of activity or work 以…为装备；配备…

All dormitory rooms are equipped with high speed internet access.宿舍所有的房间都配备了高速互联网。

Step 4 Question discussing

1. What are the most important factors that encourage students to learn English

2. Do you think English grammar helps you a lot in learning English Why or why not

3. In what ways can teacher improve the technique of teaching grammar

4. How can students more effectively enlarge their vocabulary

Step 5 Review & Exercises

presentation --- Reproduction

3. Exercises

4. Exercises 3,4,5,6,7

(Ss give answers and raise questions they may have and T explains the difficulties)

8,9--- writing and translation.

Assignments: 1) review Section A; 2) Exercises in Section B; 3) speed reading

6 Step 6 Listening practice

Assignments: 1) Story retelling in Unit 1;

2) Pair work --- practice model dialogs in unit 1 in the Listening and Speaking Book; 3) Preview the new words in unit 2;

―――――――――――――――自我评价问题――――――――――― ――Questions for Self-evaluation:

1. Can I understand the text fully

2. Have I memorized the new vocabulary and can I put them into use

3. Do I understand better how to become a successful language learner

Unit 2 College—The ladder to success?

课型：□ 理论课√ 理论、实践课□ 实践课

课时分配： 6

教学环境：多媒体教室

教学目标：

Teaching Aims：

After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to:

1. understand the main idea and structure of Section A and Section B；

2. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the texts

3. talk about significance of the humanities and gain more insights into life and society and be aware of cultural and religious differences;

4. read with the skill ―reading for major details‖;

5. write a composition to introduce the advantages of something with three main parts: introduction, body and conclusion.

Key Issues

1. Vocabulary

accounting, boost, defect, persist, accelerate, dominant, compel, elegant, spectacular,

insight,liable,reservoir, in succession, speculate about/on, invest sb./sth. with, in the company of

2. Skills

● Learn to read with the skill ――reading for major details‖ and focus on how the advantages/disadvantages are introduced.

Potential Problems and Difficulties

●To talk about significance of the humanities

●write a composition to introduce advantages and disadvantages of some topic.

●To apply the phrases and patterns

Methodology

A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction like questioning and answers. Small group works are always needed while discussing the questions and the difficult translation practice. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given in their extracurricular study.

Teaching Aids: Visual aids, projector, stereo and microphone

Group work and pair work：

Conduct of Tasks and Activities

（师生互动方式Mode of Interaction; 学习策略Learning Strategies）

Students-centered , Task-based teaching and learning

Step 1 Lead-in

I. Greeting and warming-up questions discussion.

1. How do you think of your current major If you were given a second chance to choose your major, what would you select and why

2. What liberal arts / humanities courses do you learn in college Do you think they are necessary for your education

II. Listening and discussing.

1. Listening practice.

2. In your opinion, what are the most important skills you learned in high school III. Listening to a talk and answer questions on page 30.

Step 2 Section A An Impressive English Lesson

I. Background information

1. the humanities

The humanities are a group of academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative. Therefore, they are distinguished from the approaches of the natural sciences. The humanities, called social sciences, include history, anthropology, communication studies, cultural studies, law, language, literature, philosophy, religion, music and theater, etc. Through exploration of the humanities, students learn how to think creatively and critically, to reason, and to ask questions. Because these skills allow students to gain new insights into everything from poetry and paintings to business models and politics, humanistic subjects have been at the heart of a liberal arts education. Today, humanistic knowledge continues to provide the ideal foundation for exploring and understanding the human experience.

2. self-awareness

Self-awareness isn’t a quality that you demonstrate by telling a story, but rather it has to do with how you tell the story and your ability to communicate what you learned. Being able to explain to the admissions committee why you value one accomplishment above others, what you learned from a setback, or the deeper meaning of your career goals, is evidence of self-awareness. Furthermore, the self-aware individual has knowledge of both his strengths and weaknesses.

II. Useful expressions and Practical Phrases

1. major in 主修（某一）科目

2. in succession 连续发生

3. be bound to 肯定会，注定

4. stand up for 支持，维护

about 推测，猜测

6. invest sb. wth sth. 赋予（某人/某物）以某种性质

7. be liable to 可能/易于做某事

III. Functional Patterns and Functions & Usages

. is/are more and more seen as … rather than … 用于表达“人们对某一事物的看法的变化”。

+ N., sth. now … 用于表达“今昔对比”。

3. If sb. only do sth. / If sb. do sth. alone, it’s likely that … / sb. are liable to …用于表达“如果只做……可能出现的后果”。

Ⅳ.Structure Analysis:

Main idea of section A: this text is a narrative that talks about the author’s personal experience in giving an effective English lesson to his son. He claims that students can learn better if they are properly taught.

Part I (Paras. 1-5) Part I provides the background information of the argument. By moving away from the humanities and taking some ―hard-skill courses instead, students think it would improve their chance of finding a job. Because of the economic downturn, this trend is likely to persist and even accelerate. However, the humanities play a significant role in people’s lives and can’t be ignored.

Part II Part II presents the author’s argument to stand up for the tr ue value of the humanities: studying the humanities can improve our ability to read and write, invest us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby releasing our creative energy and talent, and provide the scope of possibilities that are widely open to us. It also suggests that inner insight, combined with technical knowledge, is ideal for the establishment of a good career.

Part III (Para. 10) Part III summaries the main ideas stated in the argument: The humanities help to create well-rounded human beings with inner insight and understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity

Step 3 Language points

Detailed study of the text

1. When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. (Para. 1)

Meaning: When conditions or situations become difficult, determined people choose to study the subject of accounting, hoping they can more easily find a job in the future.

★When the going gets tough: when the situation becomes difficult 当形势变得严峻时

When the going gets tough, women can get as tough as men. 当形势变得严峻时，女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。

★accounting: n. [C] the work of accountants or the methods they use会计; 会计学Students’ major objective is to be financially well off. Accordingly, today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. 学生的主要目的是经济上富裕。因此，当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计。

★take accounting: choose to study the subject of accounting 选择学会计

2. When the job market worsens, many students calculate they can’t major in English or history. (Para. 1)

Meaning: When there are fewer job openings, many college students make a judgment from the situation and think they can’t study English or history as their major.

★calculate: vt.

1) make a judgment about what is likely to happen using the available information

估计；预测；推测

It’s difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law. 这些法律上变化带来的长期影响是难以预测的。

2) find out how much sth. will cost, how long sth. will take, etc. by using numbers 计算；核算

Nowadays the accountants in the enterprise use computers to calculate the cost of production with accuracy. 如今，企业财务人员利用电脑来计算准确的生产成本。

★major in: study sth. as your main subject at college or university 主修（某一）科目

The high demand for persons with knowledge about computers is why I chose to major in computer science at the university. 对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。

ists to engage in basic research, not applied research. 产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究，而不是应用研究。

★bet : (bet, bet) vt. be fairly sure that sth. is true, that sth. will happen, etc., although you can’t prove this 肯定

I bet the train will be late. 我敢打赌，列车会晚点。

v. risk money on the result of a race, game, competition or other future event 下赌注；与…打赌 I bet my life that he will take my money and leave. 我敢用我的命打赌，他将拿着我的钱离开。

5. In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. (Para. 2)

Meaning: In other words, a college education is more considered as a method to improve students’ economic status rather than improve human nature or behavior.

6. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate. (Para. 2)

Meaning: Very likely, the trend will continue to exist and even go faster than ever.

★persist: vi. (fml.) continue to exist 继续存在；持续

1) If the bad weather persists, the farmers will suffer great losses this year. 如果恶劣天气持续，农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。

2) continue to do sth., although this is difficult, or other people oppose it 坚持；执意

Students must persist in their efforts if they wish to do well. 学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力。★accelerate: v. happen or make sth. happen at a faster rate （使）加快；促进

Human activities can cause or accelerate permanent changes in natural systems. 人类的活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。

7. Over the next few years, as labor market struggle, the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession. (Para. 3)

Meaning: For the next few years, as the going gets tough with labor markets, the subjects of the humanities will continue to shrink and worsen for a long time each year.

Note: It might be worthwhile to have a review of the word slide used as a noun or a verb:

n. [usu. sing.] a situation in which sth. gradually gets worse or sb. develops a problem (情况) 变糟，恶化；（人）出现问题

School administrators were unable to explain the slide in students’ performance. 学校管理人员无法解释学生成绩下降的原因。

v. gradually become worse, or begin to have a problem 逐渐破坏；开始出现问题Students’ test scores started to slide in the mid-1990s. 20世纪90年代中期，学生的考分开始下降。

★succession: n. [sing.] a series of people or things of the same type 一连串，一系列（同类型的人或物） After graduation, he took a succession of low-paid jobs. 毕业后他干了一连串报酬低微的工作。

★in succession: happening one after the other without anything different happening in between 连续发生地；接连发生地

She is an accomplished athlete and won the championship four times in succession. 她是一个成功的运动员，连续四次获得冠军。

8. There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate. (Para. 3)

Meaning: Based on the factor that there already has been about 50 percent decrease in the numbers of students majoring in liberal arts over the past years, it is reasonable to think that the trend will surely continue or even speed up. ★liberal: a.

1) (～arts) school or college subjects that give students a general education and teach them to think rather than those subjects that develop practical skills 文科

The liberal arts are college or university subjects such as history, languages and literature but not science. 文科是学院或大学的如历史、语言和文学之类的学习课目，而不是理科学科。

2) accepting different opinions and ways of behaving and tending to be sympathetic to other people 心胸宽广的；开明的

She is known to have liberal views on divorce. 人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点。★logical: a. connecting ideas or reasons in a sensible way 合乎逻辑的；合理的

It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. 脱离熟悉的环境时，人们会感到迷失方向，这样想是符合逻辑的。

★bound: a. (～to) sth. that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen 一定的；几乎肯定的 The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天的天气肯定更好。

9. Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries. (Para. 3)

Meaning: The humanities that once dominated university life now play a trivial role when students have their college visits; nowadays, labs are more eye-catching and fascinating than libraries.

★dominant: a. more important, powerful, or successful than the other people or things of the same type 有优势的；占统治地位的

Unemployment rate will be the dominant issue at the next president election. 失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。★pillar: n. [C]

1) a very important part of a system of beliefs or ideas （信仰或思想）非常重要的部分 Equality is one of the pillars of a stable society. 平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。

2) a thick strong upright post that supports part of a building 柱子；支柱

Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof. 八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。

★vivid: a. having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind 清晰的；生动的

He gave a very vivid and often shocking account of his time in prison. 他描述了他在监狱的往事，非常生动，也非常令人震惊。

★compel: vt. force sb. to do sth. 强迫；迫使

As a school boy, he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. 当他还是一个在校的小男孩时，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。

★compelling: a. interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely 有强烈吸引力的；引人入胜的

Steve Job’s life makes a compelling story. 史蒂夫•乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。

10. Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people’s lives. (Para. 4)

Meaning: I here ask for your permission to let me defend and advertise the true value that the humanities bring to people’s lives.

★stand up for: support or defend a person or an idea when they are being attacked 支持；保卫；维护

Mary stood up for me at the meeting, sparing me some embarrassment. 玛丽在会议上支持了我，使我免受了一些尴尬。

★promote: vt. support or encourage sth. 支持；鼓励；提倡

To acknowledge other cultures will promote good will among people of different backgrounds. 承认别人的文化会促进不同背景的人之间的友好亲善。

11. Since ancient times, people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and others to self-destruction. (Para. 4) Meaning: Ever since ancient times, people have thought carefully and seriously why the mysterious forces coming from their inner world could be so powerful that it could make some people great while others morally deteriorate.

★speculated about / on: make guesses about the possible causes or effects of sth. without knowing all the facts or details 猜测；推测

It’s too early to speculate about the outcome of t he negotiations between the workers union and the company’s leadership. 要推测工会和公司管理层之间的谈

判结果，还为时过早。

★mystery: n. [C, usu. sing.] sth. that you are not able to understand, explain, or get information about 不可思议的事物；无法解释的事物；谜

No one had ever been able to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. 从来没

有人能够解释百慕大三角之谜。

★destruction: n. [U] damage that is so severe that sth. stops existing or can never return to its normal state 毁灭；摧毁；破坏

The destruction caused by too many cars and the death of millions of people shook the foundation of Western idealism. 太多的战争所造成的破坏和数以百万计人的死亡动摇了西方理想主义的基础。

12. This inner drive has been called many things over the centuries. (Para. 4) Meaning: Over the past centuries, many different names have been used to describe this inner force of human beings.

13. The famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the ―unconscious mind‖ or, more familiarly, ―instinct‖. (Para. 4)

Meaning: Sigmund Freud, a famous psychologist, named it the unintentional mind or, more familiar to us, natural ability to know something.

★unconscious: a. relating to or coming from the part of your mind in which there are thoughts and feelings that you do not realize you have 潜意识的；下意识的；

无意识的

I don’t know if he noticed my unconscious desire. 我不知他是否注意到我潜意识的愿望。

14. From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or destructive, has captured our imagination. (Para. 5)

Meaning: Since ancient times, it is this very inner force of our being, either constructive or destructive, that has stimulated our imagination.

★destructive: a. causing severe damage or harm 破坏性的；毁灭性的

Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. 缺乏信任在人际关系中是很具有破坏性的。 15. The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world over. (Para. 5)

Meaning: It is these stories about this fascinating inner struggle of human beings that have laid the foundation of the world cultures. 16. Historians、architects、authors、 philosophers and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story、music、painting、architecture、sculpture、 landscape and traditions. (Para. 5)

Meaning: Our historians、architects、authors、 philosophers and artists have successfully caught the words, images and meanings of this mysterious inner force by way of story、music、painting、architecture、sculpture、 landscape and traditions.

★architect: n. [C] sb. whose job is to design buildings 建筑师

He is the architect of this building, and he’s always on the construction site. 他是这个大楼的建筑师，他总出现在施工现场。

★philosopher: n. [C] sb. who studies and tries to explain the meaning of things such as life, knowledge, or beliefs 哲学家；哲人

Plato was a Greek philosopher. 柏拉图是希腊哲学家。

★in the form of: in the way sth. is or appears to be 以…形式；以…方式

They received a benefit in the form of a tax reduction. 他们通过减税的方式获益。★landscape: n. [C]

1) a photograph or a painting showing an area of countryside or land 风景照；风景画

2) an area of land that is beautiful to look at or has a particular type of appearance （陆上的）风景，景致，景色

The landscape is dotted with the tents of campers. 露营者的帐篷点缀了风景。17. These men and women developed artistic ―languages‖ that help us understand these aspiration and also educate generations. (Para. 5)

Meaning: The artistic works and masterpieces created by these men and women help us understand the strong desires and beautiful dreams of human beings and also help educate future generations.

18. This fertile body of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the humanities. (Para. 5)

Meaning: The large amount of work filled with rich ideas and imagination from ancient times — the fundamental components of civilization — provides the basis of the study of the humanities. ★fertile: a.

1) able to produce good ideas or results 富有成果的；富有想象力的 A poet must have a fertile imagination. 诗人必须有丰富的想象力。 2) able to produce good crops or plants (土地) 肥沃的，富饶的Fertile soil helps Canada rank among the world’s leading wheat producers. 肥沃的土壤帮助加拿大跻身世界主要小麦生产国。

a / the body of sth.: a large amount or mass of sth., esp. sth. that has been collected 大量的某物