(精选)对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题
对外经济贸易大学
《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试
I. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements
is true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.
（每题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in
1959.
2. Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" that
guides us in our daily interactions.
3. In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s index
finger to his temple means ‘You are crazy.’
4. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally
organizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward a
particular group of people.
5. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by
persons in a culture.
They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”
6. People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect,
whereas this may be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.
7. Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness or
willingness to reach an agreement.
8. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the
parties must provide for a win-lose situation.
9. Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody the
total concept of culture like an onion – symbols, heroes,
rituals, and values.
10. Successful intercultural business
communication involves knowing the ethnocentrisms of persons in other cultures. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.
11. Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s cultural
background, including ways of analyzing problems, values,
beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is
better than our own.
12. People in the United States place a greater emphasis on
history and do not like change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.
13. When dealing with German business people, you should avoid
jokes and other forms of humor during the actual business
sessions.
14. In the business circle, American business people use first names immediately.
15. Companies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as in
Arab countries men may refuse to work with
women.
16. In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your business
card with your right hand.
17. When accepting a business card, German business people
carefully look at the card, observe the title and organization, acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make a relevant comment or ask a polite question.
18. The OK sign may be interpreted as asking for money by
Japanese business people.
19. Nonverbal communication is important to the study of
intercultural communication because a great deal of nonverbal
behavior speaks a universal language.
20. In short, intercultural communication competence requires
sufficient awareness knowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve intercultural
communication competence.
II. Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and
English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. stereotypes
2. paralanguage
3. ethnocentrism
4. masculinity
5. high-context culture
6. monochronic time
7. speech act 8. conversation taboos
9. vocal qualifiers 10. power distance
11. 译码12.偏见
13. 文化震惊14.不确定性回避
15. 概念意义16.语用错误
17. 礼貌原则18.归纳法
19. 空间语言20.礼仪与礼节
III. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共
20 分）
1. Understanding another culture .
a. enables businesspeople to know why foreign associates
believe and act as they do
b. is best achieved through “do’s and don’ts” lists
c. is important for businesspeople because they can appear
to be better informed
d. isn’t necessary for businesspeople
2. Non-linear languages .
a. are object
oriented
b. see time as a continuum of present, past
and future c. are circular, tradition
oriented and subjective
d. lead to short-range planning in business practices
3. Which statement about values is incorrect?
a. V alues are social principles, goals, or standards accepted
by persons in a culture.
b. V alues are learned by contacts with family members,
teachers, and religious leaders.
c. V alues will be influenced by what is seen on t
elevision or read in newspapers.
d. People in various cultures have basically similar values.
4. People from cultures that follow the monochronic time
system tend to a. d o one thing at a time.
b. be committed to people.
c. borrow and lend things
often. d. build lifetime
relationships.
5. Which statement regarding haptics is incorrect?
a. In Thailand, it is offensive to
touch the head. b. Japan is
considered a "don't touch" culture.
c. Greece is considered a "touch" culture.
d. In Latin American countries, touching between men is
unacceptable.
6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined
privileges is .
a. a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship
b. a view of group orientation structure of social
relationship
c. a view of individual orientation structure of
social relationship d. none of the above
7. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone
from another culture include all of the following except:
a. politics is a safe topic in
most cultures. b.avoid telling jokes.
c. avoid personal questions.
d. keep the conversation positiv
e.
8. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake?
a. In the U.S., a handshake should
be firm. b. A n Asian handshake is
usually gentle.
c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and
departure. d. A British handshake is firm and repeated
frequently.
9. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect?
a. Asians typically use the inductive method of
reasoning. b. Thought patterns impact oral
communication.
c. When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts
with the facts and goes to generalizations.
d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in
negotiation with
different
cultures.
10. Which statement is incorrect?
a. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack
of knowledge of another culture's nonverbal communication
patterns.
b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in
all cultures.
c. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal
messages in intercultural encounters.
d. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be
to watch the behavior of the persons you are talking with
and match their style.
11. Language is important because it
a. helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and
controls how we perceive others.
b. allows us to be understood by
foreigners. c. is determined by
colonialism.
d. is stable, easily understood, and free
of diversity.
12. Which of the following countries uses high-context language?
a. Canada
b. Germany
c. Japan
d. United
States
13. Slang is generally
a. understood by
everyone. b. spoken
by the masses.
c. easily
translated.
d. used by
subgroups.
14. Nonverbal communication does not include
a. chromatics.
b. chronemics.
c. haptics.
d.
semantic
s.
15. Dominance, harmony, and subjugation are all value orientations that correspond to which of the following cultural problems?
a. What is the nature of human beings?
b. What is the relationship of humans to nature?
c. What is the orientation of humans to time?
d. What is the human orientation to activity?
16. Proverbs are significant to the study of
intercultural communication because .
a. they provide a compact description of a culture’s values
b. they tell a great deal about what a culture praises
and what it rejects c. they unite a people with the wisdom
of their ancestors
d. all of the above
17. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty
avoidance? a. One group's truth should not
be imposed on others. b. Scientific
opponents cannot be personal friends.
c. Citizen protest should be represse
d.
d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young peopl
e.
18. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is that
a. language is just a device for reporting a
person's experience. b. t wo languages can represent
the same social reality.
c. the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does
not speak the language.
d. language functions as a way of shaping a person's
experience.
19. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be
alleviated by a. sending only top executives abroad.
b. sending only young, single associates on overseas
assignments. c. testing associates to see who is most
qualified.
d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who
possess certain personal and professional qualifications.
20. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a. Knowing cultural variations in the use of silence
is helpful when conversing with persons in another
culture.
b. We need to keep things in perspective and not get offended
each time we deal with someone who has a different attitude
toward touching
c. Good advice when communicating with persons in other
cultures is to keep gestures to a minimum
d. Although oral communication varies from culture to culture,
non-verbal communication is almost always interpreted the
same in each culture.
IV. Answer the following essay question. (共
20 分)
Compare and contrast the following proverbs from two different cultures: “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot” and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”How do people from these cultures perceive silence and talk? In light of their different perceptions, how might they view each other? What problems might arise in their interactions?
V. Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective. (共 20 分)
The following conversation took place between two
Chinese friends.
A: We’re going to New Orleans this weekend.
B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you
going to be there?
A: Three days.
B: Do you need a ride to the airport? I’ll take you. A: Are you sure it’s not too much trouble?
B: No, no. It’s no trouble at all.
Case Analysis: Analyze the
following conversation from an intercultural perspective.
参考答案及评分标准
A 卷
VI. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true or
false. Write T
for “true” a nd F for “false”. （每题 1
分，共 20 分）
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. F
9. F 10.
T
11. F 12. F 13. T 14.T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20.
F
VII.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共20 分）
1. stereotypes 定势/刻板印象
2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语言
3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义
4. masculinity 男性特征
5. high-context culture 高语境文化
6. monochronic time 单一时间观念
7. speech act 言语行为8. conversation taboos 对话禁忌
9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰10. power distance 权力距离
11. 译码 decoding 12. 偏见prejudice
13. 文化震惊 cultural shock 14. 不确定性回避uncertainty
avoidance
15. 概念意义 denotational meaning 16. 语用错误 pragmatic failure
17. 礼貌原则 the Politeness Principle 18. 归纳法
inductive pattern
19. 空间语言 spatial language/proximics 20. 礼仪与礼节etiquette
and protocol
VIII. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. a
2. a
3. d
4. a
5. d
6. a
7. a
8. d
9. c 10.
b
11. a 12. c 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. d 20.
d
IX. Answer the following essay question. (共 20 分)
测试重点： Compare and contrast the proverbs “It is the duck that
squawks that gets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”The former is an English proverb while the latter is a Chinese proverb. In light of their different perceptions, the two cultures might differ in terms of silence and talk etc. and problems might arise in their interactions.
期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案
中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 英语专业跨文化交际试题 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 Information for the Examinees： This examination consists of FOUR sections．These are： Section I：Listening(20 points，30 minutes) Section II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points，20 minutes) SectionⅢ：Reading Comprehension(20 points，30 minutes) Section lV：Communication Analysis(30 points，40 minutes) The total marks for this examination are 100 points．Time allowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes)． Section I：Listening [20 points] You are going to listen to an interview．Then choose the best answer from A，B，C and D to answer each question．Write your answers on the Answer Sheet． 1．Concerning the issue of maternity，what ideas prevail among Chinese women? A．The modern concept． B．The traditional concept． C．The responsibility to the society．’ D．The responsibility to the family． 2．According to the passage，raising children——． A．is an unbearable burden to women B．is a significant part of a woman’s life C．is the permanent task of women D is the task 0f both a man and a woman 3．Giving birth ． A．brings great pleasure to women B．differs men from women physically and spiritually C．makes the women’s life complete D．all the above 4．Those oppose giving birth think that ． A．giving birth is something rather primitive
胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题详解(第6章 非语言交际)【圣才出品】
第6章非语言交际 1．如果比较语言交际和非语言交际，你认为哪个更重要？为什么？ 答：非语言交际更重要，原因在于： （1）非语言交际通常与语言交际结合进行，在不同的情况下起着不同的作用，大致上起补充、否定、重复、调节、替代或强调的作用。我们在机场欢迎客人，一边说：Welcome to Beijing，一边热烈握手。这握手的动作是对所说的话的一种补充。当你接到你不喜欢的礼物时，尽管嘴里说如何如何喜欢，但脸上的表情却流露出你的真实的不愉快的表情，也就是说，你的表情否定了你所说的话。 （2）一般说来，在语言交际和非语言交际传达的信息冲突时，人们倾向于相信后者。我们有时一边说话一边用手势表达同样的意思。例如，一边说要两杯饮料，一边伸出两个手指，重复已经发出的信息。在两个人谈话时，常用眼神和语调表示下面该是谁讲话，调节相互的关系。在有的情况下，无法用语言交流信息，必须用手势或其他办法。例如，交通警察指挥机动车辆，股票交易所的交易员在嘈杂的大厅里传递买卖的信息和行情都使用非语言手段手势或指挥捧替代语言交际。在人们讲话时，常常用手势加强语气，或强调某一个论点。 2．在非语言交际的各种手段中，你认为哪一种最容易引起误解？ 答：（1）在非语言交际的各种手段中，我认为手势最容易引起误解。 （2）各民族都用手势表达意义，但同一手势在不同文化中可以表示并不相同的意义例如，将手掌平放在脖子下面；在我国文化中是杀头的意思，但是在英语国家的文化中
却可以表示吃饱了的意思。即使在同一民族中，由于地区习俗的不同，同一手势也可能会具有不同意义，例如，在广东，主人给客人斟酒时，客人为了表现感谢，用食指和中指轻扣桌面，而在北方同一动作却表示不耐烦的情绪。 （3）有些手势是某一文化所特有的 例如，英美人所用的一些手势我们并不使用。美国人站在公路旁边向上伸出拇指，这是向过往的汽车司机表示，希望能搭他们的车。英语thumb a ride表达的即是这个意思。英美人把中指放在食指上面，表示希望事情能办成功。把两只手摊开、耸耸肩膀，表示“我不知道”，或“没有办法”。把手兜起来，放在耳后，表示听不见或听不清楚。把手伸出来，微微展开手指，表示等一等，别着急等等。招呼人走过来时，我们伸出手臂，手掌向下，手指上下移动；而美国人则是伸出手臂，手掌向上，手指前后移动。我们招呼人过来的手势类似美国人叫人走开的手势。 3．非语言交际是否一成不变？你能否举出例子说明它的变化？ 答：非语言交际不是一成不变的。 例如，在我国，历代朝廷都对于官服的颜色、花纹、式样有极严格的规定。黄色是帝王服装的颜色，文武官员不论职位多高都不得使用。而随着封建制度的解体，服饰的文化功能就发生了变化，黄色不再是帝皇家的专属颜色。而服装的颜色和花纹不再受到严格的规定。如今，服装的要求与场合的关系更密切些。场合正式，对于服装要求比较正式。在非正式场合，衣着可以比较随便。 4．在非语言交际方面我国各地区的差别是否很大？请举例说明。
《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题答案
第一讲跨文化交际 1. 在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际？ 答：（1）具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。 （2）日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有： ①中外领导人谈判、进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意； ②和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往； ③阅读外国小说、观看外国电影、电视节目。 2. 你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？ 答：强调个人之间的文化差异有如下利弊： （1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体，而且没有哪两个人隶属的群体是完全相同的。即使在同一群体中，每个人的态度、价值和信念也不会完全一样。因此，每个人都应该被认为是独特的。强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来研究不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深入开展。 （2）弊：过于强调个人之间的文化差异也有一定的弊端。个体只是一种或多种文化的具体情况。根据传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人之间的差异研究只有在把他们当作群体代表时才有意义。过于强调个人文化之间的差异会使跨文化交际变得非常繁琐，实际上取消了跨文化研究的意义。 3. 我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面？ 答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面。 （1）跨文化交际研究的重要性排序如下：主流文化—亚文化—地区文化—小群体文化。 （2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际研究的重要课题之一。我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势高低起伏，地形复杂多变，由于空间分布差异，各地区形成了具有各自地方特斯的区域文化。 （3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家，每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统，这些也构成了地区文化的一部分。这些地区文化从总体上看，特点显著，区别性强，差异性大，值得进行跨文化研究。
跨文化交际期末试题[完整]
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。 Test Paper 1 Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view 3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius,
跨文化交际导论(含答案)
对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院 2009-2010学年第二学期 跨文化交际导论(英) 复习大纲 课程名称: ENG338a【跨文化交际导论(英)】 考核方式: 开卷笔试[占总分的70%] 复习范围：以指定教材（第1-9章）为主，课件内容为辅。 试题形式：客观试题50 题，每题2分，题型共三种形式： I. Definition Matching.Match the terms with their definitions. （给 术语配对定义，10题，1题2分，共20分） II． True-False. Circle A if the statement is true; circle B if it is false. （判断各句是否正确，20题，1题2分，共40分） III. Multiple Choice. Circle the letter corresponding to the correct response. （在所给的4个选项中选择一个最恰当的答案，20题，1题2分，共40分） 复习方法： ●认真学习指定教材，结合课件的教学内容，全面复习，从总体上掌握这 门跨学科课程的特点； ●理解各讲中的主要教学内容，即每讲开始前的Learning Objectives， 不要死记硬背，重理解、勤思考、细观察，从跨文化交际的角度对文化 差异进行分析、记忆、总结；
●要力图将跨文化交际理论与交往实践相结合，将西方文化交际的理论与 实践与中国的本土文化相结合，通过大量真实生动的交际的成败案例的 学习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力； ●参考指定教材各章后的练习以及书后附的两套模拟自测题，术语定义配 对题、是非题和多项选择题可帮助复习检验对所学内容熟悉的掌握程度，熟悉客观题型，问答题和案例有助于进一步理解。 跨文化交际导论课程期末考试模拟题 （答案供参考） Ⅰ. Match the following terms with their definition. （20%） 1.the study of the way that people use physical space to convey messages. B 2.the way in which time is used in a culture. A 3.the actual practice of concepts or beliefs. E 4.the total activity of learning one's culture. C 5.social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. D A.Temporal language/chronemics B.Behavior communication C.Spatial language/proxemics D.Enculturation E.Values 6. between nations and governments rather than individuals A 7. perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities C 8. a learned organization of rules for making choices and for solving conflicts B 9. volume, pitch, and rate that affects message meaning E 10. the idea that every act of communication must happen in some sort of surroundings D A.international B.context C.value
跨文化交际期末
定义题 1. What is “intercultural communication”? P6 refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. There are three kinds of things you need to learn if you want to be able to communicate effectively with Westerners. First, you need to learn a foreign language, usually English. Second, you should learn as much as possible about Western cultures. However, studying English language and Western culture is not enough. You should also learn something about what happens when people from different cultures try to communicate with each other —in other words, "intercultural communication." 2.What is a culture? P13 A culture is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 3.What are stereotypes?P13 Stereotypes means very broad generalizations such as “British people are polite,”“Americans are friendly”, and so forth. It is a derogatory word. It means that image, idea, character that has become fixed or standardized in a conventional form without individuality and is therefore false and shallow. Stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they are too broad and shallow, and they give us the mistaken idea that a people’s culture can be summed up easily in a few short , simple statements. Stereotypes are also dangerous because they may trick us into believing that knowing a few stereotypes is the same thing as understanding another culture. 4.What does “interpretation” means?P24 A very important aspect of intercultural communication is “interpretation”, t he process of deciding what foreigners’ words and actions mean and why they do what they do. For example, when Xiao Li tries to understand why the taxi driver asked for so much money, she is “interpreting” his behavior. 5.I n dividualist p32 Individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give priority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others. 6.Collectivist P32 Collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Most Asian cultures, including China's, tend to be collectivist. People see themselves as parts of one or more collectives; are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives; are willing to give priority to the goals of
中英文-珍贵-跨文化交际学概论课件资料全
I. Culture and Intercultural Communication Culture: ●Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. (Sapir, 1921) ●Culture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does, and makes. (R. Kohls, 1979) ●Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰、价值观、规的公认的解释，这些信仰、价值观、规对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。 The Characteristics of Culture: 1.Culture is not innate; it is learned; 2.Culture is transmissible from person to person, group to group, and generation to generation; 3.Culture is a dynamic system that changes continuously over time; 4. Culture is selective; (every culture represents a limited choice of behavior patterns) 5. Culture is composed of interrelated facets; 6.Culture is ethnocentric (centeredness on one’s own group). The American sociolinguist D. Hymes pointed out that people with communicative competence should know when, where and what to speak to whom and how. Models of communication Theoretically, the model of communication is always described in the following way: Communication is exchanging information in the form of messages, symbols, thoughts, signs and opinions. The Ingredients of Culture
跨文化交际文献综述期末作业
Table Manners As we know, people in China and western countries all pay lots of attention to good table manners. People are showing their respect to others when they are in good table manner.And this will certainly make others comfortable. But as a result of different cultures, people from different areas have varies table manners. And some of them are quite the same,while some are so much different.Table manners have a decisive position in the communication between China and Western countries. During communication we will show our best image and avoid cultural conflicts. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our own impression, Being on time for dinner can be a general standard for all people.And it seems that guests who are invited to the dinner tend to be present earlier to show their respect. Let us see from the tableware.Chinses always use chopsticks while eating.Attention, hold your chopsticks towards their end, not in the middle or the front third when dining with them. When you are not using your chopsticks, or have finished eating, lay them down in front of you with the tips to left. For the main or meat curse, the English keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the knife. Although people use different tools on table, they all put the tool aside in a good order when they finish eating. Sometimes we can be embarrassed when food seem to spit out from our mouths . Apprently , this situation will happen to everyone in the world . And the method that we use are always the same: move the food with your tableware . And hand them at the edge of the plate . The whole process should be gently.Always chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink. Always say thank you when served something. It shows appreciation.Never lick or put your knife in your mouth.These are the same in China. Now let us see some differences. The hostess takes up her a spoon or a fork, before the guest may not eat any kind of a dish. The hostess normally wait until every guest get after dish began. When she picked up the spoon or a fork, that means you can do that. In China, hostess will let gusts to eat first. When you are in the UK, you should pay attention to these:If you cannot eat a certain type of food or have some special needs, tell your host several days before the dinner party. It can not be seen often in China because we can not know what we will be served most of the time.If you are a guest, it is polite to wait until your host starts eating or indicates you should do so. It shows consideration. You may eat chicken and pizza with your fingers if you are at a barbecue, finger buffet or very
《跨文化交际学概论》读后感
《跨文化交际学概论》读后感 AP0802325 钟欣奕 在学习《跨文化交际》这门课程和看完《跨文化交际学概论》这本书之前，我对“跨文化交际”的认识是：两个来自不同国家的人、组织或是国家之间的交流和沟通就是跨文化交际，而同一个国家的两个不同地区的文化的交流并不是跨文化交际。因为我认为既然是“‘跨’文化”，那这两种文化之间的差异应该是很大的，有非常不一样的文化来源和文化背景，有不一样的发展历程和演变过程，形成了两种很不一样的文化内涵。比如，美索不达米亚平原和幼发拉底河孕育的文化、黄河孕育的文化都是各有各的特点。随着经济的发展，交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，跨文化交际成了人们的需求，成为经济全球化和“地球村”的需求。 但是，《跨文化交际学概论》这本书中的第一部分第一章中提到：任何两份人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。这让我对“跨文化交际”有了一种新的认识。 有些学者就认为，跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异探讨。地区之间文化的差异，特别是在饮食方面还是比较明显的。在肇庆一些地方，番薯和南瓜是很少被当做是一道菜，更多的是当早餐或者是相当于正餐的米饭，但是同属广东，有一些地方又偏爱“蒜炒南瓜”。又比如，在我的家乡—海南，人们很爱吃生芒果，吃法也很特别：有的人会蘸盐吃，但更多人，包括我，更喜欢蘸调料吃，这种调料是用酱油、白砂糖、海南灯笼椒、或虾酱调制而成的。我周围的朋友都觉得这种吃法很奇怪，无法想象竟然用水果蘸酱油吃。不过我们当地人觉得味道还挺不错的。 正所谓“隔行如隔山”，每种行业之间虽然有互通的知识，但是之间的差别还是挺大的。对大多数学习文史类的人来说，理工科的公式换算简直就是“鬼画符”一样难懂。具体来说，要一个只专长与计算机编程的人去欣赏充满意境、“形散神聚”的散文，也是一件很难的事情。
跨文化交际学概论笔记汇总
跨文化交际学概论笔记 第一章跨文化交际 一、什么是跨文化交际——具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程跨文化交际之所以在今天日益引起人们的注意，主要原因是由于交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，使得不同国家、不同种族、不同民族的人能够频繁地接触和交往。L.S.Harms 认为，在世界范围内的交际经历了五个阶段：语言的产生；文字的使用；印刷技术的发明；近百年交通工具的进步和通讯手段的迅速发展；跨文化交际。近二十年来的交际是以跨文化为特征的。 二、第二章跨文化交际学 跨文化交际学在美国Intercultural Communication (与人类学、心理学、传播学关系密切) 1.首先在美国兴起。美国有来自各个国家的移民，有各自的文化系统和风俗习惯，逐渐在美国社会形成了多元文化的格局；美国与各国交往频繁。 2.Edwar Hall 《无声的语言》跨文化交际学的奠基之作。认为不同文化背景的人们在使用时间、空间表达意义方面表现出明显的差异。（对时间、空间、交际的关系作了深入探讨） 3.1970 年是具有重要意义的一年在这一年，国际传播学会承认跨文化交际学是传播学的一个分支，成立了跨文化交际学分会。1972 年，第一届跨文化交际学国际会议，日本东京。 第四章交际 一、交际与传播 这两词来源于同一英语communication表示的是同一个概念，不同学科背景的人采用不同术语。有语言学背景的学者大多使用“交际”，从事传播学教学和研究的学者都采用“传播”。 三、传播的种类 传播可分为人类传播和非人类传播；人类传播又可分为社会传播和非社会传播。非社会传播指内向传播（自我传播），社会传播包括人际传播，组织传播，大众传播。 内向传播（intarpersonal communication)只一个人自己脑子里在自我交流活动或是自言自语 人际传播（interpersonal communication)两个人或以上的信息传受过程。如交谈，书信，小组讨论，大会演讲等。 组织传播（organizational communication)在学校,公司，工厂，机关，军队，党派，群众团体等内部的传播，不都是自上而下的，可具有不同模式，纵式或横式，要注意因文化差异造成的传播不通的局面。 大众传播（mass communication)职业化的传播机构利用机械化，电子化的技术手段向不特定的多数人传送信息的行为或过程，如报刊杂志，广播电视，因特网信息等。 第四章语言交际 一、语言与文化密不可分 （语言反映一个民族的文化，同时有受到文化的巨大影响。）语言与文化有着密切的关系。由于语言的产生和发展，人类文化才得以产生和传承。不存在没有语言的文化，也不存在没有文化的语言。广义的文化包括语言，同时文化又无时无刻不在影响语言，使语言为了适应文化发展变化的需要而变得更加精确和缜密。语言既是文化的载体，又是文化的写照。 E.g.①亲属称谓是语言反映文化的一个突出例证。汉族不仅注重长幼顺序,而且对于是父系、母系或婚系亦十分重视。古人有强烈的传宗接代的观念，按血缘远近区别亲疏,家族里又有内外嫡庶之别。——后来亲属称谓的简化，意味着家族关系在社会生活中不占那么重要的地位。在我国个别地区的亲属称谓中，只有男性称谓，没有女性称谓，可能是古代父系社会的
《跨文化交际》课程教学大纲及样卷
《跨文化交际》课程教学大纲 课程编码： 30615016 学分：2 总学时：36 说明 【课程性质】 《跨文化交际》是英语专业的专业任意选修课程。 【教学目的】 通过比较系统、全面地介绍跨文化交际的相关知识，帮助学生认识人类交际活动的重要性、复杂性和丰富性，使其了解东西方文化的差异，用宽容的心态处理文化冲突，提高文化意识，达到有效交流。 【教学任务】 要求学生能够清晰地审视各民族语言与文化的差异，在交际中克服母语的干扰，增强文化交流的灵活性和有效性，强化跨文化意识，提高文化交际能力。 【教学内容】 本课程立足于中国学生实际，培养学习者的跨文化交际能力。从文化的视角，全方位，多角度的进行东西方语言与文化的对比；讲解在交际中，语言，交际，文化的概念及相互关系；探讨各民族文化的差异；了解言语交际和非言语交际的作用；讨论如何克服跨文化障碍，提高交际水平。 【教学原则和方法】 教学原则：兼顾理论性和实践性，突出指导性和可操作性。 教学方法：以学生为中心，结合东西方语言和文化的特点，通过案例分析来培养学生的分析和鉴别能力，扩展学生对跨文化交际研究的了解和认识。 【先修课程要求】 英语语言学，英汉翻译理论、英美概况等专业课程的学习 【学时分配】 教材：顾曰国《跨文化交际》外语教学与研究出版社， 2000年。 参考书：宋利《跨文化交际导论》哈尔滨工业大学出版社， 2002年。 大纲内容
第一部分交际中的语言和文化 【教学目的和要求】 教学目的：学生了解交际的种类；懂得交际的基本要素；学会交流的基本模式；了解文化交际的内涵。 教学要求：要求学生掌握文化交际的互动过程；认知不同的社会条件；熟悉非言语交际所传递的信息；了解交际的作用。 【内容提要】 第一节语言与文化 第二节交际的基本要素 第三节交际的基本模式 第四节交际的文化内涵 第五节社会交流 第六节跨文化交际 【教学重点与难点问题】 教学重点：语言、文化、交际、跨文化交际的概念；文化交际的基本要素；文化的特点 教学难点：语言与文化的关系；文化与交际的关系 【复习参考题】 1．如何理解语言与文化的关系？ 2．如何看待文化与交际的关系？ 第二部分文化冲击 【教学目的和要求】 教学目的：学生了解英汉民族在好客、谦逊、隐私等方面存在的差异；学会鉴别东西方不同的文化理念；适应新的文化环境。 教学要求：要求学生认知禁忌话题；学会克服文化障碍；了解适应文化环境的方法。 【内容提要】 第一节好客习俗 第二节谦逊表达 第三节隐私理念 第四节集体主义和个体主义 第五节文化调整 第六节文化适应 【教学重点与难点问题】 教学重点：东西方在好客方面的差异、东西方在隐私方面的差异 教学重点：集体主义和个体主义的差异 【复习参考题】 1．如何理解东西方在待人接物方面的差异？ 2．如何看待东西方不同的隐私观念？ 第三部分姓名的内涵 【教学目的和要求】 教学目的：学生了解英汉姓名的结构差异；掌握姓名缩略语的使用；讨论英汉姓名的历史起源；联想姓名与命运的关系。 教学要求：分析男女姓名的差异；避免性别歧视；掌握东西方的称谓差异。 【内容提要】 第一节姓名的结构 第二节姓名的起源
跨文化交际学概论__胡文仲版
第一部分绪论：跨文化交际与跨文化交际学 第一章跨文化交际 一、什么是跨文化交际——具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程跨文化交际之所以在今天日益引起人们的注意，主要原因是由于交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，使得不同国家、不同种族、不同民族的人能够频繁地接触和交往。L.S.Harms 认为，在世界范围内的交际经历了五个阶段：语言的产生；文字的使用；印刷技术的发明；近百年交通工具的进步和通讯手段的迅速发展；跨文化交际。近二十年来的交际是以跨文化为特征的。 二、对跨文化交际的不同理解:有的人认为每个人在文化上都是独特的，所以任何两个人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。有的人认为，不同国籍人们之间的文化差异与不同职业的人们之间的文化差异并没有什么本质上的区别，只是程度上的差异。有的人认为，跨文化交际研究应该把重点放在亚文化系统的语篇系统方面。有的人认为，作大范围的国与国之间的对比对于改进跨文化交际益处不大，应该把眼光放在更具体的文化差异上。跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异的探讨。文化通常不是指个人的行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯。作者认为作跨国、跨种族、跨民族研究不仅应该是跨文化交际研究包括的内容，而且应该是放在首位的。至于地区、
阶级、阶层、职业、性别、年龄等不同层次的差异也应该给予关注。至于个人之间的差异的研究只是在我们把他们当做群体的代表时才有意义。在研究一个国家的文化特点时，我们的眼光首先应集中在它的主流文化主流文化上，其次才注意它的亚文化和地区文化的特点。主流文化-主流文化-亚文化-地区文化-小群体文化（不同年龄、职业、性别群体的文化） 三、第二章跨文化交际学 跨文化交际学在美国Intercultural Communication (与人类学、心理学、传播学关系密切) 1.首先在美国兴起。美国有来自各个国家的移民，有各自的文化系统和风俗习惯，逐渐在美国社会形成了多元文化的格局；美国与各国交往频繁。 2.Edwar Hall 《无声的语言》跨文化交际学的奠基之作。认为不同文化背景的人们在使用时间、空间表达意义方面表现出明显的差异。（对时间、空间、交际的关系作了深入探讨） 3.1970 年是具有重要意义的一年，在这一年，国际传播学会承认跨文化交际学是传播学的一个分支，成立了跨文化交际学分会。1972 年，第一届跨文化交际学国际会议，日本东京。 4.70 年代，影响最大的书籍Samovar&Richard《跨文化交
对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题
对外经济贸易大学 《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试 I. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”. （每题 1 分，共 20 分） 1. The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in 1959. 2. Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" that guides us in our daily interactions. 3. In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s index finger to his temple means ‘You are crazy.’ 4. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people. 5. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. They are the innermost “skin of the onion.” 6. People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect, whereas this may be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures. 7. Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness or willingness to reach an agreement. 8. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide for a win-lose situation. 9. Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody the total concept of culture like an onion – symbols, heroes, rituals, and values. 10. Successful intercultural business communication involves knowing the