主谓一致

第二十三讲主谓一致

概说：“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。

重点：主谓一致的指导原则

难点：主谓一致实际应用

内容：

“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。

1.1 指导原则

主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。

1．语法一致

主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。

Every girl comes on time.

Both boys have their own merits.

2．意义一致

有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意

义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫做意义一致。

The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.

Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.

3．就近原则

有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。

Either my brothers or my father is coming.

Only one out of five were present.

2.1 具体实例

上述关于主谓一致的指导原则在实际使用中往往受到习惯用法和不同语体、语域的制约，因而中国学生往往会产生疑难。下面从几个容易引起疑难问题的来阐明主谓一致关系。

1.以-S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们当中有的作单数用，有的作复数用，有的既可作单数也可作复数用，这就造成实际使用上的困难，因此值得注意。

（1）以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称

英语中有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的，如arthritis(关节炎)，bronchitis(支气管炎)，rickets(软骨病)，mumps(腮腺炎)，diabetes(糖尿病)等，这类名称通常作单数用。

Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

但也有一些疾病名称既可作单数也可作复数用。

Rickets is / are caused by malnutrition.

表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用,但也有个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用。

Darts is essentially a free and easy game.

Cards are not allowed here.

（2）以-ics结尾的学科名称

某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、optics(光学)、acoustics(声学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学)、athletics(体育学)、tactics(兵法)等，通常作单数用。但若这类名词表示“学科”以外的其它意义，便可作复数用。

Mathematics is the study of numbers.

My mathemetics(运算能力)are rather shaky.

（3）以-s结尾的地理名称

某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)，the Netherlands(荷兰)等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。

The United States is a country of people with varied origins.

The Himalayas have a magnificent varity of plant and animal life. （4）其他以-s结尾的名词

英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors（剪子），pincers（钳子），glasses（眼镜），shorts（短裤）等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。

Joe’s new trousers are black and white.

One pair of scissors isn’t enough.

英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives（档案）, arms（武器）, clothes（衣服）, contents（内容，目录）, eaves（屋檐）, fireworks（烟火）, goods（货物）, minutes（记录）, morals（道德，品行）等，通常作复数。但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可。

The archives of this society are kept in the basement.

The dramatics(舞台艺术)of the performance was / were marvelous.

凡是由-ing结尾的名词，如clippings（剪下来的东西）, diggings（掘出的东西）, earnings（收入）, lodgings（租住的房间）, surroundings（环境）等，通常作复数用。

The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.

还有一些以-s结尾的单、复数同形的名词，如barracks（营房）, headquarters（总部）, means（方法，手段）, series（系列）, species（种类）等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数，还是用作复数。

The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms.

All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.

2.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题

集体名词在意义上是复数，而在语法形式上是单数，如committee, government, team, group等。以这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对“语法一致”和“意义一致”两种原则的选择。这种选择通常遵循以下规则：（1）通常作复数的集体名词

有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, poultry, vermin等，通常作复数，用复数动词。

Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

（2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise等，通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。

All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

（3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

还有一些集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public等，既可作单数，也可作复数。如果将该名词所表示的集体视为一个整体，动词用单数；如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，则动词用复数。

The anti-crime committee makes its report tomorrow.

That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.

That group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance.

（4）A committee, etc. of ＋复数名词

如果主语是由“a committee of / a panel of / a (the) board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。

A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter. The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.

3.以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题

如果句子的主语是并列结构，主语的单、复数意义往往会影响谓语动词的形式。这种主谓一致问题通常遵循以下规则：

（1）由and / both…and连接的并列主语

由and或both…and连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，如果表示单数意义，动词就用单数。

The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.

Ham and egg is a good breakfast.

有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，动词则用复数。

What I say and think are no business of yours.

当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every,或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。

Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.

Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.

（2）由or / nor / either...or等连接的并列主语

由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按“就近原则”处理。

My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.

Either my father or my brothers are calling.

Neither the Kansas players nor the coach was overconfident.

Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. （3）主语＋ as much as, etc.

当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。

Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.

His brother rather than his parents is to blame.

My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.

（4）主语＋ as well as, etc.

当主语后面跟有由as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。

The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.

The truck along with all its contents was destroyed.

No one except two girls was late for dinner.

4.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

英语中有一些表示数量概念的名词词组。数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，如three months, five kilos, six quarts等；另一类是非确定数量，如all of…, some of…, none of…等。这类名词词组作主语往往产生主谓一致问题。

（1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语

当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，有以下几条规则可遵循。

a)如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看作组成该数量的一

个个的个体，则动词用复数。

Three miles was too long a distance for Freedman to run.

There were six dollars in each of the stockings.

b)如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数（或百分数）+ of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。

Over sixty per cent of the city was destroyed in the war.

Thirty-five per cent of the doctors were women.

c)两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。

Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.

Forty divided by eight is five.

Seven and five makes / make five.

Five times eight is / are forty.

d)如果主语由“one in / one out of +复数名词”构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数；在非正式语体中，动词也可按“就近原则”用复数。

One in ten students has failed the exam.

One out of twenty was badly damaged.

(2) 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语

5.以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题

(1) 以名词性wh-分句作主语

由what, who, why, how, whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。而两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语时，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。

What caused the accident is a complete mystery.

What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.

(2) 以what-分句作主语的SVC结构

在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。

What was real to him were the details of his life.

(3) 以非限定性分句作主语

非限定分句作主语，动词通常用单数。而两个由and连接的并列非限定分句作主语时，如果指两件事，动词用复数；如果指一件事，动词用单数。

Increasing their wages has raised the crew’s morale.

Reading Ibsen and solving a quadratic equation are entirely different assignments.

6.关系分句、分裂句、存在句中的主谓一致问题

(1)关系分句中的主谓一致问题

关系分句中的谓语动词单、复数形式通常依关系代词先行项的形式而定。在“One of + 复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句代词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。但有时为了强调one，分句动词也可才有单数形式，这种情况在英国英语中较常见。如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词和强调词时，关系分句依one而定用单数。

I am one of those people who by the general opinion of the world are counted both infamous and unhappy.

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself. (2)分裂句中的主谓一致问题

分裂句中that / who- 分句的动词形式通常依先行项而定。

在“It is I / me + who－分句”中，分句动词现在时在人称和数的形式上应与I保持一致。但在非正式语体中，分裂句中心成分可用宾格代词me。随后的分句动词通常用第三人称单数。

It is I who am to blame.

It is me that is to blame.

(3)存在句中的主谓一致问题

存在句中谓语动词的单、复数形式一般取决于随后的“实义主语”的形式：实义主语为复数，动词用复数；实义主语不是复数，动词用单数。当用作实义主语的名词词组是个并列结构时，只要第一个并列成分不是复数，谓语动词便可以用单数。

There are three routes you can take.

There is a note left on the desk.

There is a long springboard and three rafts at varying distance from the shore.

讲练结合

1. Economics, several courses of which I have taken thus far, ______ to be difficult but useful for almost all students.

A. prove

B. proves

C. have been proved

D. are proved

2. A thousand miles no longer _______ much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us to a great distance within a matter of a few hours.

A. meant

B. means

C. mean

D. will mean

3. The secretary and treasurer of our company ______ the meeting.

A. were to attend

B. are to attend

C. is attend

D. is to attend

4. Cattle ______ to graze on the village common.

A. are allowed

B. is allowed

C. allows

D. allow

5. Mathematics as well as other subjects ____ a science.

A. was

B. is

C. are

D. belong to

6. Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.

A. were

B. are

C. is

D. have been

7. Large quantities of water ______ cooling purposes.

A. are needed for

B. is needed to

C. are needed to

D. is needed for

8. Copper as well as most metals____.

A. is a good conductor

B. is a good insulator

C. are good conductors

D. are good insulators

9. There used to be some trees by the lake, ____ ？

A. was there

B. were there

C. weren't there

D. wasn't there

10. Cattle____ to graze on the village common.

A. are allowed

B. is allowed

C. allows

D. allow

【答案与解析】

1.[答案]B.

[解析]该句考察学生主、谓语一致。其中several courses of which I have taken thus far 为设置的干扰项。由于主语为表示学科的单数名词，故谓语应是单数形式。

2.[答案]B.

[解析]表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。

3.[答案]D.

[解析]C项结构错误，可先排除；由and所连接的两个名词，如果and后面的名词前没有冠词，谓语要用单数。故D项为正确答案。

4.[答案]A.

[解析]cattle 是集体名词，在形式上是单数，但在句中往往作复数用，谓语动词用复数。这类名词常见的有：clergy mankind, militia, police, people, poultry等。

5.[答案]B.

[解析]此题主语是Mathematics，学科做主语时，是表示单数的意义的词，故只能在A、B 两项中选择，而A时态不对， D. belong to属于。

6.[答案]C.

[解析] 当 either, each, neither, everyone等不定代词作主语时，其后谓语需用第三人称单数。例如：a. Neither of these books is very new.这两本书都不新。 B. Each of the students brings a dictionary.学生各自带字典来。 C. Every man and woman is eligible to vote.每个男人或女人都有资格投票。

7.[答案]B.

[解析]表示数量的名词应做单数看待。

8.[答案]A.

[解析]as well as 在此并不是表示与主语并列关系，该句主语仅仅是copper.因此，选项A 是正确的（conductor 导体，insulator绝缘体)。

9.[答案]C.

[解析]There used to 句型上相当于there be句型，所以此处用be提问。动词的数应与后面的名词一致。

10.[答案]A.

[解析]cattle 是集体名词，在形式上是单数，但在句中往往作复数用，谓语动词用复数。这类名词常见的有：clergy mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等。

主谓一致

主谓一致姓名：****** 班级：英教七班学号：********** “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。 1. 指导原则三种不同的原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则 1）语法一致主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。

如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便使用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。 Both boys have their own merits（优点）. Few students are really lazy. Many people want to go. Two girls were standing on the corner. Each boy has his own book. Either answer is correct. Much effort is wasted. 2）意义一致和就近原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫做意义一致。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register（现金出纳机）. 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present. No one except his own supporters agree with him. Neither Julia nor I am going. 2. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

主谓一致用法总结

主谓一致使用主谓一致时，必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、当单数可数名词、不可数名词、复合不定代词、单个不定式（疑问词＋不定式）、动名词或主语从句以及表示“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名、影片名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Visiting a place like this is always very interesting. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists. 二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）＋of＋名词作主语以及分数、百分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词。表示复数概念用复数；表示单数概念用单数。例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television

or using computers. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. 三、在“名词/代词＋介宾结构＋谓语＋…”结构中，谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致，介宾结构看作插入成分。该结构中的常见介词及介词短语有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如： Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit. Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there. 四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry. 五、quality / pair / amount等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词根据

主谓一致(二)

主谓一致（一）单数名词与谓语动词的一致 1.表示集体的词： Army, class, audience, club, committee, company, crowd, family, group, government, organization, party, personnel, public, staff, team, union, crew. 2.表示成员的词： Cattle, folk, people, police, poultry Machinery, clothing, luggage, furniture, equipment, jewelry Clothes, works, goods, contents, the Olympics games Some of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the remainder of 1.the public( )the best judge because the public always( )their thoughts.（B） A.are; express B.is;express C.is;expresses D.are;expresses

2.I think class one( ) to win because class one( )all football lovers.(A) A.is likely; are B. are likely; are C. is likely; is D. are likely; is 3.while my family( ) a small one, every one of us( ) different hobbies.(A) A.is; have B.are; has C.is; has D.are; have 4.cattle( )well in the country market at present, according to the evening news.（A） A. sell B. sells C. is being sold D. will be sold 5. people who( )peace( )seeing a steady situation to seeing an unrest state. A.love; prefers B. love; prefer C.loved; prefer D.love;prefers 6. all the furniture in my office( )made in Hong Kong. A. is B. are C.were D.had been 7.every means( ) to prevent the water from( ). A. are used; polluting B. get used; pllution C. is used; polluted D. has been used; being polluted 8. all possible means( )to save the wounded soldier. A. have been tired B. is to be tried C. has been tried D. are trying

主谓一致

主谓一致揭秘英语中的谓语在人称、数及意义等方面要与主语的名词或代词以及相当于名词的词保持一致，叫做主谓一致。英语中的主谓一致须遵循一系列规则，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致指的是语法形式一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The boys are playing football .He reads English every morning .意义一致是指主语有时形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定也采用复数形式。反之，主语形式上是复数，但意义是单数，谓语动词依意义而定也采用单数形式。如：People are talking about the news . Politics is taught in all middle schools. 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。Not only you but also he is wrong . 主谓一致情况复杂，但用途广泛，几乎时时刻刻都离不开。学生在学习时往往感到渺茫，感到“头痛”。因此，我们将主谓一致整合梳理，按担当主语的词，词组和句子分类学习，这样会让学生感到“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”。一、名词作主语 1、部分集体名词，如police，cattle，people等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例：The police are searching the house . 2、部分集体名词，如family，team，class，army，enemy，audience，company，government，group，commitee等作主语时，若作为一整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。例：（1）My family is a happy one. (2 ) The whole family are having lunch. 3、一些形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词，如glasses,scissors,trousers等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例：My glasses are very beautiful.但是前用a pair of来修饰时，动词应用单数形式。例：This pair of scissors is made in Shanghai. 4、一些以—ics结尾的表学科的名称词，如politics,economics,physics,mathmatics等形式上是复数，意义上则是单数，动词用单数。例：Physics is difficult to me. 5、若名词词组中心词是表示度量、时间、价格、距离等复数名词时，根据意义一致原则，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例：Ten years has passed since then. 6、一本书、一个组织、一国家的名称或一句格言作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例：(1) The United Nations is an international organization. (2) "The pride goes before a fall" is his motto. (3) "The Aribian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 7、单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致原则决定单复数。如sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,Japanese等。例：(1) The deer is drinking water. (2) These deer are playing. 8、如果主语前有many a，more than one修饰，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。例：(1) Many a student has read the book. (2) More than one person is involved in the case.

(完整版)主谓一致用法总结

主谓一致用法总结 I.主谓一致定义 II.谓语受主语支配，和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。 III.例: My favorite food is noodles. II. 主谓一致的重要原则 ?语法原则 ?意义原则 ?就近一致（一）语法一致 IV.顾名思义，即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致，不考虑主语的意义。 V.以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。例如：注意：不定式及动名词作主语时，谓语动词单数。E.g. 2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Both you and he are right. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has written lots of books. The poet and the writer have come. 可通过名词前定冠词来判断。 3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Now every man and every woman has the right to receive education. 4) 主语后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，together with 等介词短语时，谓语动词仍用与主语（即前面的词语）保持一致。例如： The teacher with his students is going to have a picnic in the park. The students with the teacher are going to have a picnic in the park. Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5) 集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。如people, police, cattle, clothes等。集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语，这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。常见集合名词：people, police, cattle, goods, clothes等。 e.g. The police are looking for him. ?有些集合名词如class, team, group, family 根据其表达意义不同，单复数用法也不同。

高考英语新主谓一致知识点真题汇编含答案(3)

高考英语新主谓一致知识点真题汇编含答案(3) 一、选择题 1．Many a man______ come to help us. A．have B．has C．is D．are 2．We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity. A．that; being B．all that; be C．that all; are D．what; is 3．Neither Mary nor her parents ________ of the exciting news, which surprises us a lot. A．has informed B．have informed C．has been informed D．have been informed 4．We admire Susan for her persistence, the only one of the young girls who __________ in the rock band for 3 years so far. A．played B．play C．have played D．has played 5．About _______ of the workers in that steel works _______ young people. A．third-fifths; are B．three-fifths; are C．three-fifths; is D．third-fifths; is 6．One-fifth of the area ________ covered with trees. About seventy percent of the trees ________ been planted recently. A．is; has B．are; have C．is; have D．are; has 7．We have decided that either you or the headmaster ______ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting tomorrow. A．is handing out B．are to hand out C．are handing out D．is to hand out 8．As is well known, our success in life depends on our determination to grasp opportunities that ________ to us. A．present B．are presenting C．are presented D．have presented 9．Even more widespread _______ the copying of music and the pirating of software, especially with the development of new computer programs. A．is B．does C．are D．do 10．—With this New Year_______ new challenges. 一Sure. Global economy remains uncertain, and many countries continue to struggle. A．comes B．will come C．is coming D．come 11．Along with enthusiasm for composing music ______ his devotion to cultivating young people passionate about music. A．come B．comes C．coming D．to come 12．At the foot of the hill ________ a big lake surrounded by trees. A．lays B．is laying C．lies D．is lying 13．Regular exercise along with proper diets____our health in the long term. A．benefits B．has benefited C．benefit D．have benefited 14．— Why is the chemical plant closed? — Because large quantities of waste water ______ into the Yangtze River.

主谓一致

主谓一致：谓语动词和主语在人称和数保持一致。 Q1:在一个句子中，什么是主语？什么是谓语？例子：1.The boy is cute. 2.My father likes reading. 3.His brothers are reading books. 4.The children often play football. 请在上面的句子中画出主语和谓语。【知识点一】谓语动词用单数情况：be(is/isn’t/was/wasn’t)；实义动词在一般现在时中用三单。（一）主语为第三人称单数： Tom ______ (be) a good student. Sally_______ (run) fastest of all. （二）主语是由some, any, no, every 与one, body, thing 组成不定代词。 Everyone___________ (like) taking exercise. （三）主语是不可数名词： Some water __________ (be) in the bottle. （四）主语为one of+名词复数，“.....之一” One of the runners_________(be)from Class One. （五）主语为the number of+名词复数，“....的数目”或者much The number of students in our school ________(be)1,000. There ________(be) much milk. （六）主语为maths/physics(物理)等以-s结尾的名词，不表示复数意义，谓语用单数。 Maths_________(be) an important subject. （七）主语表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算，谓语用单数。 1. Two months ________(be) a long holiday. 2. Twenty dollars____________ (be) is too expensive for the book. 3. Twenty pounds ________（is / are）not so heavy. 4. Ten miles ________（is / are）not a long distance. 5. Five minus four ________（is / are）one. （八）each, either, neither作主语，谓语用单数。 1. Each of them _________ (have) an English book. 2.Either of them _________ (have) an English book. 3.Neither of them _________ (have) an English book. （九）more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数，“不止一个” More than one student ________（has / have）ever been to Beijing.

主谓一致用法

主谓一致问题：动名词短语,不定式短语, 名次性从句作主语, 谓语用单数 Doing this is not very easy. To do this alone is not possible. That he is honest is known to all. 主语带有together/along with, such as, as well as, accompanied by, including, rather than 等附加成分, 谓语的数不受附加成分的影响; My father, together with his wife and son, is going to visit China. 表示时间,距离,金额, 重量, 面积, 体积, 容积等度量的名词短语作主语时, 谓语用单数 Ten dollars is not too much. 下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念, 谓语用单数: law and order法制 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子

the needle and thread 针线 horse and carriage马车 bread and butter奶油面包 soap and water肥皂水 fork and knife刀叉 trial and error反复尝试, 不断摸索 time and tide岁月 the ebb and flow盛衰, 潮涨潮落某些固定结构中谓语的数 many a(each/every)( more than one)+ 单数名词, 谓语用单数 the number of(neither/either of)( one and a half)+ 复数名词, 谓语用单数 1. If law and order ___ not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. how close parents are to their children __ a strong influence on the character of the children.

主谓一致补短 (2)

主谓一致 Fill in the blanks 一、谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致 1．The results of the experiment______(show/shows) that you have all made good progress. 2．Between the two buildings______(stand/stands) a monument. 二、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数 1．Growing vegetables ______(need/needs) constant watering. 2．That we have made brilliant achievements (is/are) an iron fact. 三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数 1．The iron and steel industry_______(is/are) very important. 2．The teacher and poet often _______(give/gives) lectures around the city. 3. The teacher and the poet ______(is/are) good friends in the city. 如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致(就前一致) 1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, （is/are) to be built here. 2．A scientist, together with some assistants, ______(was/were) sent to the flooded area to help in the work. 3．The teacher as well as the students________(is/are) going to visit the exhibition. 五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数 1．Each of us _______(has/have)something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了） 2．Just a minute, someone______(is/are) talking with manager. 六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定 1．Which_____(is/are) your rooms? 2．What we need______(is/are) more practice. 3．What he left me_______(is/are)but a few old books. 4．All but you_____(was/were) here just now. 七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数 1．None of the books _______(is/are) easy for us. 2．None of the information______(is/are) useful.

主谓一致

主谓一致在英语中，要特别注意句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。我们称之为“主谓一致”。例如：I am a student and my mother is a teacher. 我是个学生，我妈妈是名教师。 I go to school and my mother goes to work every day. 每天，我去上学，我妈妈去工作。 Ⅰ、并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系一、由and连接主语时可分为下列四种情况： 1) 主语A，B表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. 李明和张华是好学生。 Both the parents and the children are here. 父母和孩子们都在这里 Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important. 听、说、读、写都很重要。注意：both A and B作主语。谓语动词用复数。 2）主语A．B表示同一个人、物或概念时谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Ａjournalist and author lives in the sixth flat. 一个新闻记者兼作家的人住在第六层。注意：同一个人只能用一个冠词，如果是不同的两个人就要用两个冠词。例如：A boy and a girl are playing tennis. 一个男孩和一个女孩正在打网球。 3）主语A，B之前有each ．every，many a，no等修饰语时谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl is invited. 每一个男孩和每一个女孩都受到了邀请。 Every boy and girl is invited. 所有的男孩和女孩都被邀请。 No boy and no girl is there now. 现在那儿没有任何男孩和女孩。

(完整版)高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳

高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳一、基本概念所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一般来说，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。比较：The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。主谓一致的原则说起来简单，但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。在处理主谓一致的问题时，可依据上面提到的三个原则。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词亦用单数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。二、基本用法 1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，则用复数形式。常用的集合名词有： army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。 The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now. 足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。 The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。 The majority were/was for the proposal.大多数人赞同这个提议。 Only a minority of students receive the scholarship.只有少数学生获得了奖学金。【注意】（1）有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数。这样的名词常用的有：cattle,people,police,folk等。 The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。（2）无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。这样的名词常用的有:clothing,furniture,machinery,jewellery等。 Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地方需要暖和的衣服。 All the furniture has been moved to another room. 所有家具已经搬到了另一个房间里。 2.由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。 Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。 Not only the students but(also) the teacher is active in sports and games.不但学生，就连老师都积极参加体育运动。 Does neither the teacher nor the students know this matter? 教师和学生都不知道这件事吗？【经典回放】 Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

二、主谓一致(Subject-VerbConcord)

二、主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord ) 主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： #不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动和不可数名词并不是一尘不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词词用单数。例如： Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 ## 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。 ### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。 The United States is leading the world in science and technology .美国常在世界科技方面领先。 The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 #### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。 The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。 A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。 A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：

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