英语精读测试题3

试题三

Part Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:There are three reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four suggested answers

marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Shortly after graduation, it is time for you to start the next phase of your life. You will begin your first "real job." Generally speaking, most of what you have learned in school will not prepare you for this. There is a big difference between being a student and being an employee. Certainly, more will be expected of you.

The best career-related advice I ever received came from my former boss on my first day of work. She told me to listen and observe before suggesting any changes. I took that advice and have used it in other situations, both in and out of the workplace. While innovation is a good thing, it is important to be mindful of dynamics of the workplace. If you are entering an environment where routines are already in place, a newcomer walking in and talking about "better ways" to do things, will often be met with negative reactions. Why? First, you know nothing about why they do things the way they do. Second, you haven't gained the trust of your co-workers. Finally, people, by nature, are threatened by changes.

By listening and observing, you will gain a lot. You will learn about the environment of which you are now a part. You will find out more about the people you are working with. You may save yourself from making a major, public mistake—you are the new kid on the block while your co-workers have been around longer. You can learn from their collective experience.

1. Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph of the passage?

A. I t?s not so easy to start the new phase of your life.

B. Much less will be expected of you.

C. Being an employee does not differ much from being a student.

D. What you?ve learned in college will be more than enough for you to cope your work.

2. What is the best career-related suggestion according to the author?

A. Suggesting new changes to show your creative talents.

B. Obeying the routines that are already in place.

C. Listening and watching carefully before making suggestions of any change.

D. People, by nature, always welcome new changes.

3. Which is NOT the reason why a new comer talking about “better ways” will be met with negative

reactions?

A. The new comer hasn?t won enough trust.

B. The new comer doesn?t understand much about his old co-workers? ways of doing things.

C. The new comer usually poses a threat to the old co-workers.

D. People, by nature, always regard changes as a kind of threat.

4. By listening and observing, you can .

A. change a part of the environment you work in

B. show your creative talents to your colleagues

C. prevent yourself from making any mistake

D. learn the collective experience from your co-workers

5. This passage is useful in helping you .

A. to find a job as quickly as possible

B. to f ind a satisfactory first “real” job

C. to get promoted soon

D. to leave a good impression on your co-workers

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

There is a commonly held myth that Einstein was an underachiever at school, but it really isn't true. While he may have had difficulties with languages, Einstein excelled in physics, mathematics and music. Einstein held many patents and was a keen inventor.

While working at Swiss patent office in Bern he took it upon himself to write his own scientific papers in his spare time, mostly at weekends and in the evenings after work. 1905 was Einstein's miracle year. During this year he wrote three fundamental papers, any of which would have guaranteed him immortality in the world of physics.

His first was on a new understanding of the structure of light. Einstein argued that light is composed of small particles of energy, called photons, as well as oscillating waves.

The second paper built upon the theory of kinetics. Einstein explained how atoms were responsible for the buffeting of particles of material in suspension, like cigarette smoke suspended in air. This paper presented the first direct evidence for the existence of atoms, vindicating an idea that had been around for over 2000 years.

His third paper of 1905 was “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”. Here Einstein derived the theory of “special relativity”. In a supplementary paper four months later, he form ulated the famous equation, E=mc2, where mass and energy are equivalent, showing that a very small amount of mass converts to a huge amount of energy. This is the driving force behind atomic bombs, and all the stars in the Universe.

6. According to the first paragraph, Einstein .

A. was an underachiever at school

B. didn?t like learning languages

C. was extremely good at physics

D. knew a little about music

7. What does the word “immortality” (line 4, Pa. 2) mean in the passage?

A. An everlasting fame.

B. Unending life.

C. Endless richness.

D. Human nature.

8. What effect did Einstein?s second paper have?

A. It explained how light was composed of.

B. It explained how cigarette smoke suspended in air.

C. It provided direct evidence to oppose the existence of atoms.

D. It proved an idea that remained unclear for over 2000 years.

9. Which theory did Einstein put forward in the third paper mentioned above?

A. Kinetics.

B. Electrodynamics.

C. Special relativity.

D. Not mentioned.

10. Which of the following words can be used to best describe the author?s attitude towards Einstein?

A. Skeptical.

B. Critical.

C. Admiring.

D. Exaggerated.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

An international group of experts say large dams have brought necessary electric power and water to the world. But they say the dams have also caused human suffering and environmental damage.

A new report by experts of the World Commission on Dams is the first major study of the world?s largest dams. The World Commission on Dams is an independent group. The twelve-member commission includes representatives from industry, dam owners, governments and environmental activists.

Dams provide about twenty perce nt of the world?s electric power. They also provide flood control services and water supplies for agriculture. There are about 45,000 large dams in the world. About half of the world?s dams are in China and India.

The commission studied about 125 large dams. Large dams are those more than fifteen meters high. China?s huge Three Gorges Dam and dams on India?s Narmada River were a major part of the study.

The experts found that between forty-million and eighty-million people have been forced to move from their homes because of dams. Many people are displaced because of concerns that the dams may cause floods. The study also found that many dams are not operated well and cost too much. It says dams have led to accidents and the loss of land, forests, fish, and other wildlife. Efforts to reduce the harmful effects of dams have not been successful.

The World Commission on Dams says large dam projects should be approved only if they meet rules established by the commission. It says decisions about whether to build the structures should honor the interests of everyone involved.

11. Which of the following statements is true of the World Commission on Dams?

A. It?s a dependent organization.

B. There are more than twelve members in the commission.

C. The commission includes agricultural experts.

D. The commission includes activists on environmental protection.

12. Which of the following positive effects of dams is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. They attract tourists.

B. They help generating about one fifth of world?s electric power.

C. They supply water for agriculture.

D. They help controlling flood.

13. Why did the experts say “dams have also caused human suffering and environmental damage”?

A. Because many people are left homeless.

B. Because many people have suffered from floods caused by dams.

C. Because a lot of money has been spent in building dams.

D. Because dams have resulted in loss of land, forests and wildlife.

14. How many large dams have been built in China and India?

A. About 35,000.

B. About 22,500.

C. About 25,000.

D. About 15,000.

15. What is the author?s attitude towards dam building?

A. Critical.

B. Ironic.

C. Positive.

D. Negative.

Section B

Directions: There is one reading passage in this section. The passage is followed by five statements.

Decide whether these statements are true or false according to the passage. Write “T” for

true and “F” for false in the brackets behind each statement.

A woman walked into Brian Webber's snack shop, grabbed a hot chocolate and went up to the cash register. She said to Webber, “Here is a hot chocolate.” Then she handed over a bill and said. "That's a 20."

"Thank you," said Webber, the shop owner, making the change with practiced precision. "Have a great day."

It was just another routine transaction at Webber's shop. But it was remarkable in one sense. Webber is blind. And if he doesn't use his electronic bill identifier on the counter, he can't tell if you're handing him a $1 or $100 bill. Usually, he just trusts you to tell him the truth about what you're buying and how much money you hand him. And guess what? Almost everyone does. "Ninety-nine percent of the people are fair and honest," Webber said. "There are very few people who will try to rip me off."

That may be hard to believe in this cynical age. This is the country where the president is facing possible impeachment for lying, where gas station clerks hide behind bulletproof glass, where you have to show identification to board an airplane and where you must be cleared by state police to serve as a school chaperone.

Yet somehow, in small ways and sometimes in unexpected places, the honor system endures. As an important virtue, honesty is still not out of style. In fact, with a firm basis of mutual trust, honesty may survive in a world full of cheat.

16. Brian Webber is an unusual shop owner because he is a blind man. ( )

17. Webber can tell a $1 bill and $100 bill apart by touching them with hands. ( )

18. According to what Webber says, we know that only few people try to cheat him. ( )

19. Several examples are listed in Paragraph 4 to illustrate what Webber says is believable. ( )

20. Mutual trust is important in ensuring people?s honesty. ( )

Part II Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

1. If there is no refrigerator, you can use salt to food such as meat, which is a

common practice in rural area.

A. protect

B. conserve

C. store

D. keep

2. The biscuit consists of many sorts of ingredients like peanuts and sesame. So it _______ delicious.

A. works

B. takes

C. tastes

D. sounds

3. Those extra large T-shirts are exclusively for weight watchers.

A. assigned

B. resigned

C. assumed

D. designed

4. The fog was so dense that nothing but what was around you within one or two meters was .

A. vision

B. visible

C. visionary

D. visual

5. He tried very hard to _________ the meaning of the sentence under that dim light.

A. figure out

B. take out

C. look out

D. put out

6. Stephen has committed a serious , which makes the whole family upset.

A. sin

B. offence

C. crime

D. guilt

7. All the teachers are asked to work out a teaching plan for this year.

A. scholarly

B. academic

C. science

D. theoretical

8. Due to the ________ of quality standards, the company?s market has been largely reduced this year.

A. incline

B. recline

C. acclaim

D. decline

9. To make a living as a door-to-door demands courage because the door may shut in

your face at any time.

A. attendant

B. dealer

C. carpenter

D. salesman

10. The elephant is the largest land animal .

A. in practice

B. in existence

C. in turn

D. in common

11. I firmly to this scheme because it?s not practical at all.

A. refuse

B. reject

C. object

D. decline

12. Mary doesn?t know Spanish, .

A. so does she know Chinese

B. so doesn?t she know Chinese

C. nor does she know Chinese

D. nor doesn?t she know Chinese

13. over 100 students will take part in the speech contest which is to be held next

week.

A. Estimating that

B. Estimated that

C. It is estimated what

D. It is estimated that

14. It is usually the internal causes rather than the external ones lead to our failure.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. who

15. his handwriting, I guess he is a timid boy.

A. It is judged that

B. Judging by

C. Judged by

D. Judging

16. The police chief ordered that parking in main streets during rush hour.

A. was prohibited

B. to be prohibited

C. prohibit

D. be prohibited

17. Tom communicating with others. But now he is quite sociable.

A. is used to have problems

B. used to have problems

C. is used to having problems

D. used to having problems

18. Sam said he didn?t know the girl before, but actually he forgot her last year.

A. meeting

B. to meet

C. meet

D. to have met

19. The purpose of these projects improve comprehensive productivity.

A. is to

B. are to

C. is

D. are

20. asking her parents for money, Lily decided to find a summer part-time job

to earn some money.

A. Instead

B. Instead of

C. To instead

D. To instead of

Part III Cloze

Directions:There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best fits into the passage.

During my second month of nursing school, our professor gave us a pop quiz. I was a conscientious student, so I had (1) ________ difficulty answering the questions, (2) ________ I read the last one: “What is the first name of the woman who cleans the school?” (3) ________t his was some kind of joke. I had seen the cleaning woman several times. She was tall, (4) _______. And I guess she must be in her (5) ________. But how could I know her name? I (6) ________ my paper, leaving the last question (7) _______. Before class ended, one student asked if the last question would (8) _______ towards our quiz grade. “Absolutely,” said the professor. “In your careers you will meet many people. All are significant. They (9) ________ your attention and care, even if all you do is smile an d (10) ________ …hello? ”. I?ve never forgotten that lesson. I also learned that her name was Dorothy.

1. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

2. A. until B. but C. and D. so

3. A. Sure B. Surely C. Ensure D. Make sure

4. A. dark-hair B. dark-haired C. darken-hair D. darken-haired

5. A. fifty B. fiftieth C. fifties D. fifty?s

6. A. handed in B. handed out C. handed down D. handed back

7. A. empty B. vacant C. blank D. bare

8. A. consist B. include C. involve D. count

9. A. draw B. pay C. deserve D. have

10. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk

Part IV Translation

Section A

Directions: In this section there are some sentences from the reading passages. Translate them into Chinese. Refer to the related passages they are chosen from if necessary.

1. If you are entering an environment where routines are already in place, a newcomer walking in

and talking about “better ways” to do things, will often be met with negative reactions.

2. While he may have had difficulties with languages, Einstein excelled in physics, mathematics and

music. Einstein held many patents and was a keen inventor.

3. The experts found that between forty-million and eighty-million people have been forced to move

from their homes because of dams. Many people are displaced because of concerns that the dams may cause floods.

4. Usually, he just trusts you to tell him the truth about what you're buying and how much money you

hand him. And guess what? Almost everyone does.

5. As an important virtue, honesty is still not out of style. In fact, with a firm basis of mutual trust,

honesty can survive in a world full of cheat.

Section B

Directions: There are five sentences in this section. Translate them into English.

6. 玛丽把小孩委托给邻居照看，然后匆忙跑回电影院去找遗忘在那里的手提包。

7. 对于汤姆来说，金钱和权力并不重要。

8. 在面试开始前，我心中很有些忐忑不安。

9. 事故的原因主要在于司机的不小心。

10. 他靠给几家人做园丁谋生。

试题三答案：

Part ⅠReading Comprehension

Section A

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. D

5. D

6. C

7. A

8. D

9. C

10. C

11. D 12. A 13. D 14. B

15. A

Section B

16. T 17. F 18. T 19. F

20.T

Part II Vocabulary and Structure

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. A

9. D

10. B

11. C 12. C 13. D 14. C

15. B

16. D 17. B 18. A 19. A

20. B

Part III Cloze

1. C

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. C

10. C

Part IV Translation

Section A (每题2分)

1. 如果一个新员工进入到一个惯例已经存在的环境，那么，你若是一来就谈论处理事情的“更

佳办法”，你常会遭遇到消极的反应。

2. 在语言学习上爱因斯坦可能有些困难，但他在物理、数学和音乐方面却十分优秀。他获得

了很多的专利，并且是一位热心的发明家。

3. 专家们发现大约有四千万到八千万人因为大坝的原因被迫搬离家园。许多人因担心

大坝可能导致洪涝灾害而转移。

4. 通常，当你告诉他你买了什么东西并给了他多少钱，他都相信你说的是真的。你猜

怎么着？几乎每个人也都这么做。

5. 诚信作为一种重要的美德仍旧没有过时。实际上，有了互相信任这一坚实的基础，

诚信仍然能够在充满欺骗的世界里幸存下来。

Section B (每题3分)

6. Leaving her kid to the care of her neighbor, Mary hurried back to the cinema to look for her

handbag she had left there.

7. Both money and power mean nothing to Tom.

8. Before the interview began, there were many butterflies in my stomach.

9. The cause of the accident lies mainly in the driver?s carelessness.

10. He lives on serving as the gardener of several families.