复合句的时态
一、名词性从句
（一）在宾语从句中主句和从句之间的时态的一致关系,通常由主句谓语的时态决定从句谓语的时态.
⒈若主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,如：一般现在时,现在完成时,一般将来时,将来完成时等,从句可以根据需要使用任何时态.
如:He says that he is doing well in his lessons.you will miss a lot of lessons.the boy is lazy.XiaoWang was late for school yesterday.Jim has been back for two days.
⒉若主句谓语动词是过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去将来完成时),从句谓语动词也必须是过去时态.
如:He said he enjoyed himself last Sunday.he hadn’t bought any present.the would come back the next day.he was doing his homework·
⒊当从句表示客观事物或真理,或人们已经公认的道理时,其时态不受主句谓语动词的时态的影响.即使主句谓语动词使用了过去时的某种时态,从句的时态仍然是现在的某种时态.
1)The teacher said the earth goes around the sun。
2)He said the sun rises in the east.
3)His father said he gets up at six o'clock every morning.
4)He told me the light travels faster than the sound.
⒋当从句表示并未出现或尚未实现的愿望时,必须用过去时态.
⒌（可包含在1/2中）有些形容词后面可跟有从句,这种从句一般可看作宾语从句,其谓语也应与主句谓语的时态保持一致.可跟这种宾语从句的形容词有：afraid,glad,sure,confident,sorry, certain,conscious,aware等.一致的原则与宾语从句相同.
例如：
I'm confident that I'll pass the exam.我有信心通过考试.
He was lucky that he wasn't killed.他很幸运没有被杀死.
（二）在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致关系所遵守的法则和宾语从句相同.
例如：
It appears that some little trouble was caused by a woman,whose name has not been ascertained.看来这件小小的麻烦是由一个至今尚不清楚其姓名的女人所引起的.
It was known long ago that Professor Einstein played a key role in the development of the theory of relativity.人们早已知道,爱因斯坦教授对相对论的发展起了关键作用.
It was proved centuries ago that the speed of light is186,000miles a second.几世纪前就证实了光的速度为每秒186,000英里.
The fact[that man would soon be able to visit the moon]built up new scientific interest in earth's nearest neighbor.人类不久可以游览月球的事实,引起了对地球最近邻居的新的科学兴趣.二、定语从句与主句的时态一致关系
定语从句的时态不受影响意思就是定语从句的时态是根据事物真实发生的情景决定不受主句影响,因为定语从句的作用只是在修饰句子中的名词之类的,和句子本身的时态没有关系.比如：
He is a man whose telephone was stolen.他是那个手机被偷的那个人.
主句一般现在时,从句过去时,因为手机真实被偷是在过去发生.
I went to the apartment in which Mary lives in.我去过Mary现在住的房子.
主句过去式,从句一般现在时,因为我去过的那个房子,Mary确实现在在住.
⒈若定语从句的谓语表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作同时发生,则要求使用同样的时
态.
The original manuscript of"The Theory of Relativity"was written by Einstein who
was employee in a patent office.“相对论”的原稿是由当时在一家专利办公室工作的爱因斯坦写的.
⒉主句与定语从句的谓语表示的动作如果不是同时发生,时态则不要求一致.
例如：
Have you seen the new golf clubs that Mr.Stevens gave Bill?你看过史蒂文斯先生给比尔的那些新高尔夫球棒了吗?
I painted several pictures that are now on show in the museums.我画了几张画,现在正在博物馆里展出.
三、状语从句与主句的时态
状语从句中的时态对应类型。（同名词性从句）
1、主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态；
Each of the major glacial stages produces distinctive land forms that remain long after the glacier has disappeared.
每一主要冰河期都产生特殊的地形,这种地形一直保留到冰川消失之后很久.
2、主句谓语动词为过去时态，从句的时态一般是过去范畴的时态，其中有如下几种情况要注意：
（1）当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句中一般用一般过去时或过去进行时。e.g.
When Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States of America,he was completely involved in the problem of slavery.当亚伯拉罕·林肯成为美国总统时,他便陷入到奴隶问题的漩涡中去了.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园)the moment they saw the guard.
（2）从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，从句时态用过去将来时。
（3）从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句时态用过去完成时。
After she had finished her work,she hurried to the nursery to pick up her child.
干完工作后,她匆匆赶到托儿所接孩子.
The director had explained the details many times before the workers took the job.
工头在工人们开始工作前把细节给他们讲了好多遍.
3、状语从句中特殊的时态关系。
◆主将从现原则◆
在if，unless等词引导的条件状语从句；
在when，till/until，as soon as，before，after，as，while，each time，the moment等词引导的时间状语从句；
在no matter+wh-，however，whatever，whenever，even if/even though，so long as，on condition that等引导的让步状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时（或包含情态动词/祈使句），从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来；若主句为过去将来时，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时态。
e.g.
新概念例句：
If you park you car in the wrong place,a traffic policeman will soon find it.
I will call you as soon as she arrives.当她来的时候，我就打电话给你。
If it clears up,we will go to the park.如果天晴的话，我们就去公园。
I will not let them in,whoever they are.不管他们是谁，我都不会让他们进来。
If their marketing plans succeed,they____their sales by20percent.
A.will increase
B.have been increasing
C.have increased
D.would be increasing
◆特定引导词及句式的时态◆
Ⅰ.since
since引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
e.g.
Jenny has had another baby since I saw her last.从上次我见到Jenny以来她又生了个孩子。
I have been learning English since I was in Grade3.自从上三年级以来，我一直在学英语。The girl told her father she had been ill since she came home.那个女孩告诉她父亲，自从回到家她就一直在生病。
Note:It+be+一段时间+since…中，若主句为一般现在时或现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句则常用过去完成时。
e.g.
It is more than three years now since I saw her last.从我上次见到她我们已有三年多没见面了。It has been three years since I was in Beijing.我不在北京已经三年了。(1988全国)
They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was at least ten years since I____a good drink. A.had enjoyed B.was enjoying C.enjoyed D.had been enjoying Ⅱ.before
before引导的时间状语从句若是过去时，主句可用一般过去时或过去完成时。
e.g.
He closed the door,before he left the classroom.他在离开教室之前关上了门。
We had been to four cities before he came to join us.他来加入我们之前我们已经去了四个城市了。
Note:before的常用句型It will(won't)be+时间段/long+before+一般现在时
It was(wasn't)+时间段/long+before+一般过去时(2008北京，34)
I'm sorry you've been waiting so long,but it'll still be some time____Brian gets back.
A.before
B.since
C.till
D.after
Ⅲ.by the time
by the time指到某一点时间为止，主句常用完成时态。一般情况下，如果从句表示的是过去时间，主句常用过去完成时；如果从句表示的是将来时间，主句则常用将来完成时。e.g.
By the time you come here tomorrow,I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
By the time he was15,he had travelled to more than12countries.
到15岁为止，他已经去过12个国家了。
By the time he went abroad,he was15.他出国那年15岁。(2002上海)
He will have learned English for eight years by the time he______from the university next year.
A.will graduate
B.will have graduated
C.graduates
D.is to graduate
Ⅳ.no sooner...than…，hardly/scarcely/barely…when…引导的时间状语从句，其主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。
e.g.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他刚到她就抱怨起来。
No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang.
He had no sooner gone to sleep than the telephone rang.他刚睡着电话铃就响了
Then
(无比较级)adv.
1)(指过去)那时,当时；（指将来）到那时,届时.
eg)We lived in the countryside then.我们那时住在乡村.
2）然后；其次；接着；于是.
eg)First comes spring,then summer.先是春天,接着是夏天.
3）[常用于句首或句尾]那么；就；因而.
eg)Then,let's begin!那么,咱们就开始吧!
4）[兼作连词]而且；此外；还有；再者.
eg)And then there are other things to do.而且还有其他的事要做.
5）[与now,some times等连用]（一会儿……）一会儿又……
eg)Now the weather is fine,then cloudy.天一会儿好,一会儿阴.
（二）(无比较等级）adj.[作定语]当时的.
eg)the then ruler当时的统治者.
（三）n.[u]
1.用作副词,表示“那时”,可用于过去或将来.如：
He was in Paris then.那时他在巴黎.
He will be free then.那时他就会有空了.
注：有时可用于某些介词后.如：
He will have left by then.到那时他就会已经离开了.
From then on he worked harder.从此以后,他工作更努力了.
2.表示“然后”、“接着”,通常与连词and连用.如：
Let’s go for a drink and then go home.我们先去喝一杯,然后再回家.
He went to Paris,and then to London.他到了巴黎,后又到了伦敦.
注：在口语中有时可不用连词and而只用then.
另外,有时位于句首,其后用倒装句.如：
Then came the day of his exam.接着他考试的那一天到了.
3.表示“那么”、“既然是那样”、“这么说来”,通常用于句首或句末.如：
You say you don’t want to be a teacher.Then what do you want to be?你说你不想当老师,那么你想干什么呢?
Then you mean to say I am a cheat.那么你的意思是说我是个骗子.
注：有时与条件或时间状语从句搭配使用.如：
If it’s not on the table,then it will be in the drawer.要是不在桌上,那就是抽屉里.
When I know what really happened,then I shall be able to decide.当我知道事实真相后,我就可以作决定了.
简单句并列句复合句(全)
根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，He is a doctor. 2并列句 用并列连词and，but，or把两个的简单句连接而成。 He is a doctor ,and
she is a teacher. I liked the story , but he didn’t like it. Hurry up，or you will be late. 3 复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句 连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个从句的句子叫复合句。）
1).定语从句 2).状语从句 3).名词性从句 I don’t like the wa y (that, in which) he talked to me. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which t
he cover/the cover of which）
二、状语从句 1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常 由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I wil l be thinking of yo u.
2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…s o…, as if, as thou gh引导。 1）as, (just) as…s o…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时a s从句带有比喻的含
简单句、并列句和复合句(包括五大句型)
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）:Do they like skat in g? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3）祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4）感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3）复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a stude nt. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语:e.g. He nry bought a dictio nary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）:e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）:e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …，neither …门o等连接hee.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either …or …,othei等see.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折, 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive
简单句并列句复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句 一．简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。 1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但： (1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。 (2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 (3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。 3.选择疑问句。 4.反意疑问句。 (1)陈述句+省略问句 (2)祈使句+附加疑问句 反意疑问句的回答 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or 联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接 如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接 如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接 如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接. 如: it was late, so we went home. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉. 如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 三．复合句:有一个主句和若干个从句组成 1. What I want to explain is this. 2.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. 3.That’s exactly what I am planning to do. 4.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit china again. 5.He asked me to stay where I was. 6. The comrade whom you spoke to is a model worker.
简单句、并列句、复合句(习题)
简单句、并列句、复合句（习题） 一、单项选择 ( )1.—______ will the supper be ready? I’m very hungry. —In a minute. A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often ( )2.—Few well-known singers came to the concert, did they? —______, such as Andy Lau, Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang. A. No, they didn’t B. Yes, they did C. No, they did D. Yes, they didn’t ( )3.______ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ( )4.—Tom, come out and join us! —______ till I finish what I ______, OK? A. Wait; do B. Waiting; do C. Waiting; am doing D. Wait; am doing ( )5.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _______ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )6.—The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st. —_____ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)? A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )7.Look at the man over there. _____he is! A. How tall B. How a tall C. What a tall D. What tall ( )8.—Finish your homework ______ you can’t play computer games, Jim. —All right, Mum. A. but B. till C. and D. or ( )9.—Hello, Lily, you are busy. Can I give you a hand? —Thanks very much, ______ I can manage. A. and B. or C. so D. but ( )10.—Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack? —Certainly. _____ he comes back. A. Before B. As soon as C. Until D. Unless
简单句并列句和复合句包括五大句型
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
高考英语简单句、并列句和复合句总结
高考英语简单句、并列句和复合句总结 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______ helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now ____ would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.
并列句和复合句练习
并列句和复合句练习
初中并列句和复合句练习 1:Get up early,_____you’ll be late for school. A:so B:and C:of D:but 2:_______the dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes. A:How B:When C:Before D:Why 3:--Mum,the visit to the science museum is so wonderful. --Really? Could you tell me _____? A:that you did and saw there B:when you come back C:how did you get there D:if you saw models of spacecraft there 4:______Mike didn’t win the race,he was still wearing a smile on his face. A:If B:Since C:Although D:Because 5:Julie didn’t leave her office______the police arrived. A:however B:whenever C:while D:until 6:--It’s said that the new highway has been completed. --Yes,but we don’t know_______it’s to be opened to traffic soon. A:which B:when C:whether D:since 7:--Could you tell me _______? --Talking about festivals. A:how they are playing B:what they are doing C:where they are going D:why they are practicing 8:Franklin told them all______to be in Britain again. A:how happy was he B:how happy he was C:how was he happy D:how he happy was 9:--Hi,Tony! Do you know ________? --Yes,there is a coffee shop at the corner of the street. A:when I can get a cup of coffee B:when can I get a cup of coffee C:where I can get a cup of coffee D:where can I get a cup of coffee 10:Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower ______he has breakfast. A:though B:before C:because D:since
简单句-并列句和复合句用法及习题
: 七年级上册： Unit 1—Unit 9:侧重于陈述句和疑问句。 七年级下册： Unit 4:祈使句 Don't eat in the classroom. Unit 8：倒装句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood. Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑问句。 | 八年级上册： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution. Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender. 八年级下册： Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 九年级： Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! " 一、陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫“陈述句”，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 (1)肯定句的基本结构：“主语+谓语+宾语”。例如：I play basketball after school. (2)否定句又分为完全否定和部分否定。
第六讲_并列句和复合句
第六讲并列句和复合句 教学目标: 1. 掌握并列句的构成和用法。 2. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法。 3．熟练掌握状语从句的构成和基本用法。 —、并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 (一)并列句的构成 其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 (二)常用的并列连词 2．其他的并列连词有：then，while，when，not only...but also...,neither...。nor，either...or，as well as等。 二、复合句 复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在。 根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 (一)宾语从句
注意： whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但在下列情况下须用whether，不能用if。 ①具有选择意义，宾语从句中有or或or not时。例如： We really don’t know whether news is true or not． 我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。 ②在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。例如： We are talking about whether we’ ll go back to our hometown．我们正在讨论是否回老家去。 ③作discuss等词的宾语时。例如： We discussed whether we should close the shop． 我们讨论了是否应该把商店关掉。 2．宾语从句的语序 宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构。句尾标点符号取决于主句。例如： Are you a student? He asks．→ He asks if you are a student． 他问你是否是学生。 Where does he work? Do you know?→ Do you know where he works? 你知道他在哪工作吗? 3．宾语从句的时态 (二)状语从句 1．时间状语从句 ①时态：当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句或含有将来的意义时，由when，as soon as，till／until，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。例如： As soon as he returns home，I’ ll let you know．他一回到家，我就告诉你。 ②引导词：由when，while，as，since，after，before，until／till，as soon as等连词引
高中英语语法难点并列句和主从复合句.
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
英语简单句并列句复合句和练习题
英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习 一、简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语 （1）主谓结构（S + V） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。 He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。 （2）主系表结构（S + V + P ） 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站着。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。 He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句 课标要求及命题趋势 句子的基本结构有三个:简单句,并列句,复合句.简单句已在上一讲中讲过.本讲我们主要说后两者.由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词and, but, for, so, or 等或分号连在一起构成的句子,叫并列句.而由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,叫复合句.句子是考试的热点.特别是复合句更是必考内容.所以在学习时,要注意区别与联系. 一网打尽 并列句及并列连词 知识点复合句 主谓一致 指点迷津 一并列句 由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平行并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主从连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but(also). 主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。 并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思或分为四种关系。 （1）同等关系and/not only…but also/neither…nor,用连词and, not only…but also, neither…nor或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。 如：He could neither read nor write He not only studies hard, but also likes sports. （2）转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still, while, when 连接两个句子时，前后两句为转折关系。 如：Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping. （3）选择关系or, either…or. 用连词or, either…or，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。
简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换
简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换 审稿：白雪雁责编：张敏 句型转换是句子类别的转换，其目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力，才能在考试的评分中得到较高档次的分数。这就要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，懂得各种句型如何转换，运用准确，这有利于提高英语口语和书面表达能力。 简单句与复合句之间的互变 很多复合句和简单句可以互变，意思上不发生太大的变化。在很多情况下，是将复合句里的从句变为一个短语。不论是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，在一定的情况下都可以这样转换。 主语从句有时可以和短语互换，它既可以是不定式短语也可以是动名词短语。 (1) When and where we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed． →When and where to hold the meeting is still to be discussed． (2) It worried her a great deal that her son would stay up so late． →Her son’s staying up so late worried her a great deal． (3) What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender． →We had to stand there to catch the offender． 表语从句有时可以和短语互换，与它互换的可以是不定式短语和动名词短语。 My idea is that we should do it right now． →My idea is to do it fight now． 在某些动词的后面宾语从句可以和一个动名词短语或不定式短语互换． (1) I regret that I had told you the secret． →I regret telling you the secret． (3) They don’t know whether they shall carry out the old plan or not． →They don’t know whether to carry out the old plan or not． 个别的同位语从句也可以和一个短语互换。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging． →The news of our being invited to the conference is very encouraging 有些定语从句可以和一个不定式短语，分词短语或介词短语互换。 (1) Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me? →Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? (2) What are the most important measures we should take? →What are the important measures to be taken? (3) The young man who was in the possession of the firm was at a desk． →The young man in the possession of the firm was at a desk． 状语从句和短语互换的情形很多，常用分词短语来替代状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件。用不定式短语来替代状语从句，表示目的、结果、原因；另外介词短语可以和表示时间、原因、条件、让步等状语从句互换。