2014考研英语阅读精选
空气质量监管：不会很快见效
Oct 15, 2011 | From The Economist
THERE is nothing like a broad new federal regulation to make Jarndyce and Jarndyce seem like a simple dispute over a traffic ticket. As of October 11th no fewer than 36 separate entities—states, cities, power companies, trade associations—had petitioned the United States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit to review or stop the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from implementing the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). Eight entities have intervened on the EPA’s behalf. More could jump into the fray in the next month.
The rule at the centre of this scrum requires power plants in 28 states—everything from Texas eastwards, except Delaware and the six New England states, and including Oklahoma, Nebraska and Kansas—to reduce emissions that contribute to ozone and fine-particle pollution in other states. (Other states’ emissions do not have enough of an effect on air-quality in neighbouring states to trigger a reduction.) The rule is scheduled to take effect from January 1st 2012. By 2014 these states’ sulphur-dioxide emissions must be 27% of what they were in 2005, while nitrogen-oxide levels must fall to 46% of their 2005 levels.
CSAPR replaces the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), issued in March 2005, and also the subject of lengthy litigation before the same court, which found in it “more than several fatal flaws”. The court left CAIR’s provisions in place, but ordered the EPA to come up with a better rule: hence CSAPR. The EPA claims that by 2014 CSAPR will prevent 13,000-34,000 pollution-related premature deaths, and yield between $120 billion and $280 billion in health and environmental benefits annually. Those benefits, the EPA insists, outweigh the costs of implementation; though there may be rate changes for consumers, these should be “well within the range of normal electricity price fluctuations”.
Others take a less sanguine view. Sam Olens, Georgia’s attorney-general, says that by setting up federal implementation plans for states to follow, rather than simply setting pollution targets and letting states come up with their own plans, CSAPR usurps state authority. Georgia’s petition also claims the EPA’s models contain errors that exaggerate the state’s emissions and force it to c ut too much. Mr Olens also worries that customers’ electricity bills could jump by up to 20%, and that the regulation could cost jobs if utilities are forced to close power plants.
Rick Perry, the governor of Texas, shares that last concern, telling Barack Obama in a letter that CSAPR “will have an immediate and devastating effect on Texas jobs, our economy and our ability to supply the electricity our citizens, schools and employers need.” Texas filed its suit on September 21st, 12 days after Luminant, a Dallas-based power company, did the same, saying that it will have to idle some of its coal-fired units and may stop mining lignite coal in the state.
In all, 15 states have so far petitioned for review of CSAPR in the Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit. All of them have Republican governors. Such partisanship is not unusual. In 2008, 18 states sued George Bush’s EPA for failing adequately to regulate carbon dioxide; all but five of
those states were governed by Democrats.
Yet it would be wro ng to dismiss the states’ worries as partisan sniping; CSAPR is not cost-free. Sometime, several months from now, the states will get their day in court. Several months after that will come a ruling that may settle the matter. Or it may set in motion another even more lengthy process of federal rule-making. Unfortunately, lawyers’ breath is not yet an EPA-regulated pollutant. (592 words)
考研英语阅读理解精选练习
考研英语：阅读理解精选练习 在考研英语的学习中，阅读理解占到60%的分值（包括阅读理解A、B、C三部分）。其重要性不言而喻。如何提高阅读理解得分能力，将是决战考研英语成败的关键一环。而想要有效提升阅读能力，唯有在实战演练中不断磨砺、体会并归纳总结做题的经验教训，才能有所成效。下面，就跟着都教授每天学一点，每天进步一点吧！ Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparisonsites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs,including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recentpaper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose outfrom comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off. 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increasedby splashy advertising campaigns. (B) Consumers may not earn the commissionwhen buying the insurance. (C) The new layer of costs may increasethe price of insurance. (D) The insurance company may spend moreon comparison sites. 题目解析： 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increased by splashy advertising campaigns. referral cost和splashy advertising campaigns之间是没有关系的（看译文你就知道了） (B) Consumers may not earn the commission when buying the insurance. 这个干扰项就是我从文中随便找了几个词拼凑在一起的。Commission你都不知道是什么就瞎选！ (C) The new layer of costs may increase the price of insurance. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs. 这句话看的明白吧：新的成本是会加到保险价格上的，羊毛出在羊身上啊！ 正确答案C！！！） (D) The insurance company may spend more on comparison sites. 保险公司才没有花更多呢。 定位其实两个句子都是可以的： That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解
2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解 整篇文章的主题是与我们生活息息相关的内容，文章的难度不大，相比2014年英语二的阅读来说，难度稳定，这是在我们预料之中的。 第21题According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home＿＿＿(根据第一段可知，之前的调查中认为家是一个____地方)。[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace [B] was an ideal place for stress measurement [C] generated more stress than the workplace [D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation题目中明确给出范围，所以我们只要在第一段中找答案，且要注意题目中的关键词是previous。回归第一段，不难发现文章的首句便是答案出处：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.（新的研究显示不同于以往的绝大多数调查，人们在家比工作时的压力更大）。这句话中new、contrary to most surveys是提示词，与题目中的previous study相对应的，不难做出正确答案是[A] 第22题According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?（Damaske 认为，谁可能是最家里最快乐的？）读完题目，回到文章第二段找Damaske的观点：It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.在家男性比女性更快乐，Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.这句话的关键词是more,它与题目中的happiest最高级是相对应的，所以解这道题的关键便是nonparents.但是对于很多同学来说，nonparents是个生词，不认识。其实大家只要上过中公考研的英语词汇课，学习过词根词缀法，这个单词就变的很简单。nonparents是由否定前缀non-+parents构成的，non-这个否定前缀表示“不无非”，所以整个单词可以译为不是父母。四个选项[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers [C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers，我们可以轻易选出答案C，没有孩子且是丈夫。 第23题，The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that＿＿。回归第三段中，找到With the blurring of roles，发现前面的句子正是对这种现象的解释：for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.以及后面的the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women，指的便是女性不仅得工作赚钱，而且还得在家得忙家务，所以她们的身份是双重的。所以选[D] they are both bread winners and housewives. 第24题，The word“ moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means＿＿这是一道词义推测题，它与前文中的marking money是近义词，答案选[C] earnings收入。 第25题The home front differs from the workplace in that＿＿。文章第5段there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;家务劳动不会像工作一样得到足够的奖励，而且分工也是不明确的。答案对应选项[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut. 虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，
考研英语阅读真题考研英语毙考题
2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s pur se. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocket book, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home.
2014高考英语阅读理解拉分特训(11)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解拉分特训（11）及答案 阅读理解A We live in an age of unprecedented(空前的) opportunity: If you’ve got ambition, drive, and smarts, you can rise to the top of your chosen profession—regardless of where you started out from. But nowadays companies aren’t managing their knowledge workers’ careers. Rather, we must each be our own chief executive officer. Only when you operate from a combination of your strengths and self-knowledge can you achieve true and lasting excellence. To build a life of excellence, begin by asking yourself these questions: “What Are My Strengths?” To accurately identify your strengths, use feedback analysis. Every time you make a key decision, write down the outcome you expect. Several months later, compare the actual results with your expected results. Look for patterns in what you are seeing: What results are you skilled at generating? What unproductive habits are preventing you from creating the outcomes you desire? In identifying opportunities for improvement, don’t waste ti me developing skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, concentrate on and build on your strengths. “What Are My Values?” What are your ethics(道德标准)? What do you see as your most important responsibilities for living a worthy, ethical life? Do your organization’s ethics resonate(共鸣) with your own values? If not, your career will be likely to be marked by frustration and poor performance. “Where Do I Belong?” Consider your strengths, preferred work style, and values. Based on these qualities, what kind of work environment would you fit it best? Find the perfect fit, and you’ll transform yourself from a merely acceptable employee into a star performer. “What Can I Contribute?” In earlier eras, companies told businesspeople what their contribution should be. Today, you have choices. To decide how you can best improve your organization’s performance, first ask what the situation requires. Based on your strengths, work style, and values, how might you
考研英语阅读精选为什么数学难学
考研英语阅读精选-为什么数学难学
————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：
２017考研英语阅读精选为什么数学难学? 考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。有时候是一些俗语和俚语,有时候是固定搭配，有时候需要借助历史、风俗、文化才能理解某种现象或表达。总之,这些地道的英语文章背后都有潜台词，一般人不容易读出,但往往是理解文章的关键。 WhｙIs It So Ｈard ｔｏLｅａｒn Maｔh？ 为什么数学就这么难学？ 导读：学语言真的很难。老实讲,它比学数学要复杂得多,也困难得多。不过,几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。 Ｌaｎguａge iｓhａrd. In fact, iｔ’s iｎfinｉtely hａrdeｒa ｎd moｒe coｍpliｃａteｄｔhaｎmath. And yｅt，ｎｅａrly ｅｖery smalｌcｈiｌd caｎｌeａrn anｄmａｓter langｕａgｅ. 学语言真的很难。老实讲，它比学数学要复杂得多，也困难得多。不过，几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。 Why is ｍａｔh so oｖerｗhelmiｎｇfor ｓo mａny studｅｎｔs？Ａnd ｈｏw ｈiｇh ｉｓthe pｒｉce ｗｅpay frｏm haｖinｇｓｏmany ｍatｈ-ｔerrified or even mａth－illiteｒａｔｅpeoｐle in ouｒsociｅty？Tｏo high, esｐeciallｙas the ａｂｉlｉty ｔo
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语第2篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession — with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.
Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the
2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案(阅读理解)
2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解） Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网https://www.360docs.net/doc/c53733542.html,/
2014高考英语阅读理解训练题(含答案)
2014高考英语阅读理解训练题(含答案) 2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习精品题（36）及答案 【江苏省常州市戚实中学2013二轮复习模拟】C Speed up or slow down? That was the question Wang Xueliang thought about as he approached the traffic lights. The 45-year-old driver hesitated for a few seconds before stepping on the brakes and stopping his car at a crossing on Beijing's Chang'an Avenue, even though the traffic light was still green. The light turned yellow a second later. For many drivers, passing through traffic crossings has become a guessing game since New Year's Day. From Jan 1, new traffic laws mean all drivers in China that run a yellow light will have six points deducted (扣除) from the 12 given to their license. Drivers who run yellow lights will receive the same six-point punishment as those who run red lights. Those who forfeit 12 points over a calendar year will have to attend training courses and take exams organized by the local traffic management bureau. The rule was named "China's harshest traffic rule" by many online observers. The new rule also gives strict punishments for speeding, covering up the license plate, making phone calls while driving, and drunken driving. The punishment for covering up a license plate is 12 points. "On the day the new rules came into force, drivers followed the rules and commonly seen violations, such as ignoring traffic lights , were seen less frequently," according to a report by Xinhua News Agency. The report said the number of accidents decreased sharply on Tuesday in five major cities ― Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Han gzhou and Jinan ― from the previous day. Moreover, no severe accidents were reported. Although the ministry said on Wednesday that some major cities reported a sharp decrease in urban traffic violations, the new law remains controversial ( 引起
考研英语阅读精选
那些有纪念意义的考研英语真题之一 The Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science（科学发展可信性的改变） ---2012.Text 3 In The idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interests influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual research’s me, here, now become the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discovery receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. With the complex social structure of the
2014年考研英语阅读理解经典试题及答案1
2014年考研英语阅读理解经典试题及答案1 Passage 1 In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门). Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history. 1. This passage mainly talks about . A) the development of fast food services B) how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business C) the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald D) Ray Kroc's business talent
2015年考研英语一真题及解析
2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 【答案】[D] what 【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)，原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised 【答案】[B] concluded 【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded。 3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by