通信工程专业英语

11、中继线：trunk line

汉译英一、12、传输速率：transmission rate

Time Division （时分多址：TDMA 1、13、网络管理：network management Division Time Multiple Address/ 14、帧结构：frame structure Multiple Access）15、移动手机：Mobile Phone 手GPRS 2、通用

无线分组业务：机 Handset

General Packet Radio Service16、蜂窝交换机：（Cellular

CCITT 国际电报电话咨询委员会：、3switches）（电池开关cell switch）Synchronous 系体：SDH 步4、同数字(cell 蜂房)

Digital Hierarchy （同步数字序列）17、天线：Antenna

hopping 跳频扩频：FHSS frequency 、518、微处理器：microprocessor spread spectrum

19、国际漫游：International

synchronous 转步移模块STM ：同、6roaming

transfer module

20、短消息：short message

ISDN

7、综合业务数字网：21、信噪比：SNR(Signal to Noise

Integrated Services Digital NetworkRatio)

Area Metropolitan MAN 网城、8域：22、数字通信：Digital Network communication

TCP/IP 、9互联网协议：传输控制协议/23、系统容量：system capacity Control

Transmission

24、蜂窝网：cell network（cellular

Protocol/Internet Protocol network）（Honeycomb nets）

of 务服、10质Quality QOS ：量25、越区切换：Handover

Service internet

互联网：、26．

27、调制解调器：modem Multiple Access

11、ITU：国际电信联盟 28、频谱：spectrum

International

Mouse

Telecommunication

29、鼠标：30、电子邮件：electronic mail Union

E-mail

12、PCM：pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调制子网：subnet

31、

13软件无线电：、software defined 、WDM：波分复用Wavelength

32Division Multiplex radios

1433、网络资源：network resources 、FCC：联邦通信委员会

Federal communications commission 二、英译汉15、：移动通信1、

mobile communication PSTN：公用电话交换网

Public Switched Telephone Network2、Computer user：计算机用户16、：帧格式3、Frame format NNI：网络节点借口Network Node Interface local ：4、WLANwireless area network

17、WWW 无线局域网络：万维网World Wide Web

18、5、VOD：视频点播Video-On-Demand Communication protocol：

通信协议19、VLR：访问位置寄存器 Transmission quality、6：传输质量Visitor Location Register Remote terminal、7：远程终端

20、MSC：移：standardInternational 、8国际标准动交换中心Mobile Switching Centre9 ：全球移动通信系统GSM、

21for

System

Global

、HLR：原籍Mobile

位置寄存器Home

Location RegisterCommunications

：超大规模集成电路VLSI、22Code Division

：码分多址CDMA、10．

Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits

23、Bluetooth technology：蓝牙技术

24、Matched filter：匹配滤波器

25、ADSL：非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber

Loop非对称数字用户线路(Asymmetric

Digital Subscriber Line)

26、GPS：全球定位系统Global

Position System

27、ATM：异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode

三、汉译英

1、脉冲编码调制（PCM）依赖于三个独立的操作：抽样、量化和编码。PCM is dependent on three separate operations: sampling, quantizing and coding。

2、像TCP和IP那样的协议已经被设计出来，当然，它们还需要被更新和维持。

Protocols like TCP and IP have already been designed，of course，but they need to be

updated and maintained。

3、码分多址是一种前景广阔的宽带数字工作系统。

One form of digital wide band operation which has good future potential is CDMA。

4、互联网是可提供很多网络资源的最大的信息库。

The internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very large

network resources.

5、开发蜂窝式移动电话系统并将其在许多城市中推广应用的原因之一是传统的移动电话系统存在容量有限、服务性能差、频谱利用率低的缺点。One of many reasons for developing a cellular mobile telephone

system and deploying

it in many cities is the operational limitations of conventional mobile telephone system;

limited servile capability，poor service performance，and inefficient frequency spectrum

utilization.

6、来自发端借口不见的定时新号被加到数据调制解调器上，以使计算机与数传机同步。在接收端，从数据流中取出同步脉冲式计算机同步。Timing signals from the interface assembly at the transmitter are applied to the data

modem to synchronize the computer and the data set. At the receivers synchronization

pulses are derived from the data stream to synchronize the computer.

7、我们正处于通信网络革命的开始，越来越大的容量需求，各种各样的

应用，以及服务质量正在对光网络提出巨大的需求。

We are at the beginning of a revolution in communications networks, where increasing

capacity, variety of applications, and quality of service are placing enormous demands

on the optical network.

8、目前在欧洲正在开发第三代移动通信系统，其目的是要综合第二代系

统的所有不同业务并覆盖更广泛的业务（话音、数据、视频、多媒体）范

围，而且还要与固定电话网络的技术发展保持一致和兼容。

The third generation mobile communication system currently being developed in Europe,

intended to integrate all the different services of the second generation system and

cover a much wider range of broadband services (Voice、data、video、multimedia)consistent

and compatible with technology developments taking place within the fixed

telecommunication networks.

9、在现代对多媒体的描述中，我们所具有的技术已开始向人类具有的能力迈进；通过使用计算机技术、软件和其他技术，如CD-ROM。不仅能将视频图像和音频综合在一起，而且可以与其他计算机用户进行交互工作。

In the modern presentation multimedia we now have the technology that can begin to move

towards an ability already held by the human beings in that by using computer, technology,

software and other technology, such as CD-ROM not only can we bring together audio and

visual images but interactive with other computer users.

10、为弥补这些问题，要在基本结构中加入大量的高效中继线。高效中继线用于直接连接有大量的节点间通信业务量的各交换中心。通信量常常是

通过网络中可用的最低层次传送的。

To compensate for these problems, a large number of high usage trunks augment the basic

architecture. High-usage trunks are used for direct connection between switching

centers with high volumes of internodes traffic. Traffic is always routed through the

lowest available level of the work.

11、光纤网络的革命刚刚开始，并正快速向未来的带宽无线、可靠和低费用的在线世界发展。

The revolution of optical network is just beginning, and is advancing very swiftly toward

a future online world in which bandwidth is essentially unlimited、reliable and low-cost.

位码的话，则话路是由一个重复8的采样速率，而如果每个样值用8kHz、实际设备通常使用12．

速率64kHz的脉冲流来表示。

Practical equipments, however, normally use a sampling rate of 8 kHz, and if 8 digits

per sample value are used the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses

with a repetition rate of 64 kHz.

13、是由于SDH设备在这些方面的标准化，才提供了网络运营者所期望的灵活性，从而能低价高效地应付带宽方面的增长并为后十年中出现的新的用户业务作好准备。

It is the standardization of these aspects of SDH equipment that will deliver the

flexibility required by network operators to cost effectively manage the growth in

bandwidth and provisioning of new customer services expected in the net decade.

四、英译汉

1、The cellular concept is defined by two features, frequency reuse and cell splitting.

Frequency reuse comes into play by using radio channels on the same frequency in coverage

areas that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference. This allows

handling of simultaneous calls that exceed the theoretical spectral capacity. Cell

splitting is necessary when the traffic demand on a cell has reached the maximum=m and

the cell is then divided into a micro-cellular system. The shape of cell in a cellular

system is always depicted as a hexagon and the cluster size can be seven, nine or twelve.

蜂窝的概念由两个特点决定，频率复用和小区分割。在相邻覆盖区域足够远的而不至于引起共用信道干扰的，通过使用同一频率的无线信道，频率再利用才起作用。这样可以出来同时出现的呼叫并超出理论频谱容量。当小区的业务需求增到最大时，就要被划分，小区就要被划分成更小的蜂窝系统区域，蜂窝系统的小区形状常被描述成六边形，一群小区数量可以是9个或12个。

2、Before you can use the Internet, you must choose a way to move data between the Internet

and your PC. This link may be a high-speed data communication circuits, a local area

network (LAN), a telephone line or a radio channel. Most likely, you will use a Modem

attached to your telephone line to talk to the Internet. Naturally, the quality of your

Internet connection and service, like many other things in life, is dictated by the

amount of money you are willing to spend.

Although all these services can well satisfy the needs of the users for information

exchange, a definite requirement is needed for the users. Not only

should the users

know where the resources locate, but also he should know some operating commands

concerned.

在使用Internet之前，必须使用一种方法在呢的PC机和Internet之间传递数据，这种连接的链路可以是高速数据通道电路，局域网，电话线路或无线信道。最有可能的是，你使用Modem连到电话线上与Internet对话。当然像生活中许多其他事物一样，与Internet连接服务和质量是由你花钱的数量来决定的。

虽然这些所有的服务可以很好满足用户交换信息需要，但用户仍旧需要具有特定的先决条件，用户不但要知道信息资源的位置而且要知道一些有关的操作命令。

3、Packet switching achieves the benefits discussed so far and offers added features.

It provides the full advantage of the dynamic allocation of the bandwidth, even when

messages are long. Indeed, with packer switching, many packets of the same message may

be in transmission simultaneously over consecutive links of a path from source to

destination, thus achieving a ‘pipelining' effect and reducing considerably the

overall transmission delay of the message as compared to message switching. It lends

to require smaller storage allocation at the intermediate switches. It also has better

error characteristics and leads to more efficient error recovery procedures, as it deals

with smaller entities. Needless to say, packer switching presents design problems of

its own, such as the need to reorder packets of a given message that may arrive at the

destination node out of sequence.

分组交换除具有以上讨论的有点之外，还具有一些特点。它提供带宽动态分配的全部优势，甚至当报文很长时依然如此，由于有分组交换，一个报文的多个分组确定可以通过原点到终点通路中多个链路同时传送，因而道道“管道”传送的效应，与报文交换相比，他大大的减少了报．

文整体传送时延。在中间交换设备中这种方式只需要较小的存储分配区域。分组交换的误码特性较好，由于它只涉及很短的长度，因而导致更高效的纠错方式。当然，分组交换也有自身设计上的麻烦，例如，当报文无序到达目的节点时，需要重新对该报文进行分组排序。

4、As more and more systems join the Internet, and as more and more forms of information

can be converted to digital form, the amount of stuff available to

Internet users

continues to grow. At some points very soon after the nationwide Internet started to

grow, people began to treat the Net as a community, with its own tradition and customs.

随着越来越多的系统连接到互联网，越来越多的信息被转化为数字形式，互联网用户可利用的资料持续增长，在不久的将来当国内互联网的规模增加到一定程度时，人们开始把互联网当做社区对待，并且拥有自己的传统和习惯。

5、Three components are involved in a basic optical fiber system: the light source,

the photo detector, and the optical transmission line. The optical light source

generates the optical energy which serves as the information carrier, similar to a radio

wave source supplying electromagnetic energy at radio wave wavelengths as the

information carrier. The optical photo detector detects the optical energy and converts

it into an electrical form. The optical fiber transmission line is the equivalent of

copper wires and function as the conductor of optical energy.

基本的光纤系统涉及到3个部分：光源、光检测器和光缆。光源产生的能力作为信息的载体，类似于具有电磁能的无线电波用波长作为信息载体，光检测器检测光能并将其转化为电能的形式，光缆等效于铜线具有传导光能的作用。

6、The fixed telephone service is global and the interconnection varies from coaxial

cable to optical fiber and satellite. The national standards are different, but with

common interfaces and interface conversion, interconnection can take place. For mobile

the problem is far more complex, with the need to roam creating a need for complex

networks and system. Thus in mobile the question of standards is far more crucial to

success than fixed systems.

The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which was first proposed

as a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the U.S. The idea came out of

the need to increase network capacity and got round the face that broadcast mobile

networks, operating in densely populated areas, could be jammed by

a very small number

of simultaneous calls. The power of the cellular system was that it allowed frequency

reuse.

全球范围内的固定电话通过同轴电缆、光缆和卫星相连。尽管各国的通信标准不同，但是由于有共同的接口和接口转换设备，互连问题得以解决。对于移动通信存在漫游问题，网络和系统就比较复杂，所以移动通信的标准问题就更关键。

1940年有美国贝尔系统工程师提出的蜂窝通信原理是GSM系统的基础，其思路是在人口密集的区域由于一些同时发起的呼叫导致网络拥塞，采用蜂窝系统可以增加系统的容量，蜂窝系统的优点在于频率的重复利用。

7、The advantage of SDH are mainly reflected in the following:1)Lower network element

costs: With a common standard, compatible equipment will be available from many vendors.

In a highly competitive market prices will be vary attractive. 2) Better network

management: With better network management, operators will be able to mote efficiently

use the network and provide better service. The concept of

TMN(Telecommunication

Management Networks)is under study by CCITT. Some TMN standards

defining management

system interfaces already exist.3)Faster provisioning: If new circuits can be software

defined to use existing spare bandwidth then provisioning will be mush faster. The only

new connection needed will be from the customer's premises to the nearest network access

node.

SDH的优点是：1、较低的网络成本：由于具有共同的标准，许多供应商提供的设备可以兼容，激烈的时长竞争可以降低成本，2、更好的网络管理：运营商有能力提供更有效的业务，电信网管标准正在由CCITT指定，定义管理接口的相关标准已经出台。3、快速准备：如果新的电路可被软件来定义，利用现有的空闲频段从用户到最近的网络节点，接入的准备工作将更快。．

8、If we consider binary transmission, the complete information about a particular

message will always be obtained by simply detection the presence or absence of the pulse.

By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information

using the shape, or level of the transmitted signal; parameters that are most easily

affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path. Consequently

there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digital

transmission.

Noise can be introduced into transmission path in many different ways; perhaps via a

nearby lightning strike, the parking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level

noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true

signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of most interest

to the communication engineer.

如果进行二进制传输，通过检测脉冲的有无就可获得报文的全部信息，相比之下，其他传输系统携带信息是通过波形和信号电平，这些参数容量收到噪声和传输信道衰减的影响，因此数字通信具有克服噪声环境的内在优势。

噪声可能通过不同的方式进入传输信道，附近的闪电、汽车点火系统或者通信设备内部的热噪声，通信工程师最感兴趣的是信噪比。

9、Most of the subscribers on the network ate telephones. The telephone contains a

transmitter and receiver for converting back and forth between analog voice and analog

electrical signals. With the introduction of the digital data system, some subscribers

that transmit digital signals have been incorporated into the network.

网络中大多数用户都是电话机。电话机包括一个送话器和一个受话器，用料在模拟话音和模拟电信号之间进行变换。随着数字、数据系统的引入，有些传输数字信号的用户已经并入该网。．