英语专业四级考试(语法与词汇)
词汇与语法（TEM4)
语法核心考点一：从属分句
要点1. 概念：从属分句和复合句息息相关，密不可分。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从属分句构成。
要点2.分类：以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可分为状语分句、关系分句（定语从句）和名词性分句。其中状语分句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式状语从句；名词性分句又可分为宾语从句、同位语从句等。
要点3.考点：状语分句的考点集中在条件\让步\方式和时间状语从句上;关系分句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,'限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别;名词性分句的考点集中在宾语从句及同位语从句。
从属分句考点一：状语分句
状语分句重点小结：
条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词及分词引导：
if... as long as/ so long as... on condition that... 如果：在。。的条件下；只要..就provided/providing that... 假如suppose/supposing that... 假如say... unless...
in the event that... 如果，万一given that...
assuming (that)...
e.g In the event that she cannot arrive on time, we will go first.
Suppose it snowed, we would still go.
Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?
让步状语从句：含有“虽然、尽管、即使”之意，其主要引导词有：
though/although even if/even though no matter +疑问词
疑问词+ever
in spite of the fact that... while much as for all that
as/though granted/granting（that)
e.g. In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.
While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.
For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final
competition and won the first prize.
Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.
Young as/though he was/Child as he was, he could do some housework for his mother.
Though he was young, he …
e.g. No matter what he says has nothing to do with me. (wrong)
Whatever he says has …
The old man believes no matter what his son tells him. (wrong)
The old man believes whatever his son tells him.
e.g. For all the fine words he may say to your face, he doesn’t like you at heart.
时间状语从句：表示时间关系，通常有以下主要引导词：
表示“当......的时候” when, while, as, just as, next time, the last time, each time, every time,
whenever
表示时间先后before, after
表示“一......就......” as soon as, once, hardly...when/before, scarcely...when/before, 一。。就
no sooner...than, directly, immediately, instantly, the moment/second/minute
其它时间by the time, it is the first/second time..., not...until, till, since, ever since
e.g. They went into action directly/immediately/instantly/the moment
they heard the alarm.
比较状语从句：可粗略分为同级比较和不同级比较，同级比较通常由as引导，不同级比较通常由than引导。几种特殊引导形式如下：
the more/less...the more/less...
just as...., so...
A is to
B what/as
C is to
D As A is to B, (so) C is to D
no (not any) more...than
no (not any) less...than...
not so much... as...
e.g. Food is to men what/as oil is to machine.
As food is important to men, (so) oil is to machine.
He is no more a teacher than we are.
He is no less a teacher than we are.
It is not so much the actual population of the world as its rate of increase that catches my
attention.
The secret of success is not so much money as a strong will.
注意比较从句中的省略结构，尤其需注意根据省略的主语来选择谓语动词的单复数及时态语态。
e.g. He has paid more money than has been estimated before.
原因状语从句：其主要引导词有：
as... since... now that... considering (that)...
seeing (that)...
in as/so much as... in that... because...
not because... but because...
e.g. Considering (that) the shoes are hand-made, the price is reasonable.
Seeing (that) he was really upset, we decided to leave him alone.
A thorough physical examination is important in as/so much as it serves to assure the patient.
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps people to find and correct their
mistakes.
cf. because, since, as, for
方式状语从句：表示“以......的方式”，主要有下列引导词：
as... (just) as...so... as if... as though the way..
e.g. (Just) as water is to fish, so air is to men.
Treat others the way you want others to treat you.
结果状语从句：表示结果，主要有下列引导词：
so... that... such...that... with the result that... so
much so that...
to the degree that... to such a degree that... to the extent that... e.g. Tom longs to visit the Great Wall, so much so that he dreams about it every day.
The bad news upset me to the degree that/to such a degree that/to the extent that I couldn't
fall into sleep last night.
So absorbed was he in the novel that he didn't realize it was 8 o'clock already.
地点状语从句：表示地点，主要由where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 来引导。
对比状语从句：表示对比，主要由while 或whereas来引导。
e.g. The soles are leather, while the uppers are canvas.
Distance inhibits the flow of ideas between countries whereas trade enhances it.
从属分句考点二：关系分句（定语从句）
关系分句重点小结：
1. 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
名称意义结构特点功能引导词
限制性定语从句对先行词起
限定作用；
指特定的人
或物；不可
省略，否则
影响句子完
整性
紧跟先行
词，同先行
词之间没有
逗号隔开
修饰先行词所有关系代
词或关系副
词
非限制性定语从句对先行词作
补充性说
明；如省略，
不影响句子
完整性
跟在先行词
后，用逗号
与主句隔开
修饰先行词
或整个句子
which, who,
whom, as,
介词+which
（不能用
that)
e.g. I will never forget the day when I met her for the first time in my life.
The woman who is coming this way is my mother.
I will never forget this house, in which I spent my children.
Mary, who was born in 1988, is the oldest in her class.
2. 关系代词和关系副词的用法
★关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词：
主语：who (代替人），which (代替物），that（代替人或物，只用于限制性定语从句）
宾语：whom (代替人），which (代替物），that（代替人或物，只用于限制性定语从句）
定语：whose（= of whom) (代替人或物）
★关系词副在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因：
when (= at, in, on, during which) (替代表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语）
where (= in, at which) (替代表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语）
why (= for which) (只替代先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语）
3. 只用关系代词that的情况
1) 先行词是不定代词时，如: something, anything, nothing, everything, all, much, little, the
one, none 等。
2) 先行词被形容词最高级或first, last, only, some, any, few, much, no, very 等词修饰时。
3) 先行词中既有人又有物时。
4) 在there be 句型中。
4. 关系代词和关系副词的省略
1) 关系代词which, that, who, whom 在定语从句中作直接宾语时可以省略。
e.g. This is the novel (that/which) I read last month.
He is the colleague (whom/that) I met yesterday in the supermarket.
2）关系代词that 在定语从句中作表语时可以省略。
e.g. He is not the man (that) he used to be.
3) 在there be 结构的定语从句中，用作主语的关系代词that/who/which 可以省略，there is
或there has ever been 等结构通常在定语从句中有“目前有的、曾经有的”之意。
e.g. Henry was the only person (that) there was to witness the car accident.
This car is probably faster than any of its kind (that) there has ever been.
4）当先行词是reason且关系代词在句中作原因状语时，关系代词why 可以省略。
e.g. That is the reason (why) I like her so much.
5）当先行词是way且关系代词在句中作方式状语时，关系代词in which 或that 可以省
略。
e.g. That was the way (in which) he found out the solution to this problem.
5. what 用作关系代词
1）what 用作关系代词时既可以指人，也可以指物，需注意它本身已包含先行词，故前
面不能再有先行词。What 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。
e.g. What has been done cannot be undone.
This is exactly what my boss told me to do.
He is not what he used to be.
2) “what +名词” 相当于“all the +名词+that”。
e.g. I have given you what I can.
= I have given you all the help that I can.
She saved what little money she earned to help this old lady.
= She saved all the little money that she earned to help this old lady.
6. but 用作关系代词
but 作为关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，它同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人也可以是物，在意义上等于在“that/who/which...not”。
e.g. Not a day went by but brought us bad news at that difficult time.
= Not a day went by which did not bring us bad news at that
difficult time.
There are few of us but admire your accomplishments.
= There are few of us who/that do not admire your accomplishments.
从属分句考点三：名词性分句
名词性分句重点小结
1. 名词性分句的引导词
连接词：that, whether, if (只起连接作用，不作句子成分）
关系代词：who, who,, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever (既起连接作用，又
担任主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分）
关系副词：when, where, how, who (既起连接作用，又作状语）
特别提醒
whether与if在引导名词从句时的区别：
★主语从句只能由whether 引导；
★whether or not 可以连在一起用，而if or not则不能连在一起用，需将其分开使用且or not
要放在句末，即：if...or not；
★whether 可以引导介词宾语从句，if 则不能；
★在question, ask 后面一般只能用whether 引导；
★后接不定式时，只能用whether;
★whether 一般多用于宾语从句的肯定式，而if引导的从句可以有否定式；★当宾语从句提至谓语前面时，只能用whether 引导。
2. 名词性分句的分类
主语从句
1) 主语从句在句中作主语，通常位于句首，大多数主语从句都可用形式主语it代替。
e.g. That he survived the car accident is a miracle.
= It is a miracle that he survived the car accident.
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.
= It makes no difference whether he comes or not.
2) 当what 引导的主语从句表示“......的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语，whatever, whoever与whichever一般不用it作形式主语。
What he needs is more money.
Whatever he said has nothing to do with me.
宾语从句
1）在带复合宾语的句子中，it也常被用作形式宾语放在真正宾语that从句的前面。
e.g. We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
2）如果主句谓语动词表示的是“认为、相信、猜测”概念时，如
think,believe,consider, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词前移到主句的谓语上，宾语从句中的谓语用肯定式，译成汉语时仍然否定宾语从句中的谓语动词。
e.g. I don't think I can do it mysel
f.
I don't believe he will agree to the plan.
3) 在表示命令、请求、建议、希望等意义的动词后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，通常使用“（should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，should通常可以省略，如：order, command, demand, instruct, ask; request, require; suggest, advise, propose, recommend; desire, insist等。
同位语从句
1）同位语从句在句中作同位语，对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，也可由whether或how等引导。常见的能接同位语从句的名词有：fact, belief, opinion, hope, idea, doubt, news, rumor, suggestion, advice, problem, order, answer, decision, conclusion, discovery, evidence, explanation, information, knowledge, law, possibility （可能性）, probability, principle, truth, promise, report, thought, statement （申明，陈述）, assumption等。
e.g. He put forward the suggestion that we (should) take desperate measures at once.
They put forward the question how/where we could get such a big loan.
2) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
性质功能引导词“that”
同位语从句名词性从句补充说明名词连接词，只起连
接作用，不作任
何成分
定语从句形容词性从句修饰限定先行
词，描述其性质
或特征代替先行词在从句中充当某个成分
e.g. I got the news that his grandpa passed away yesterday. (同位语从句)
The news he told me this morning was out of my expectation. (定语从句）
表语从句
表语从句中的特殊结构：the reason...be that...(不用because), what 引导的主语从句what...be that...与this/that/it be because...
e.g. The reason why/that Mike got the first prize in the final competition is that he had both
the dream and the strong will.
What he saw was that the old man was stealing something in the supermarket.
This is because he has both the dream and the strong will.
语法核心考点二：虚拟语气
要点1. 概念:虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，用于强调怀疑或不可能，所表示的含义只存在与讲话人想象中的“假设”，而不是客观存在的事实。
要点2. 考点: 条件从句中省略连词if出现倒装的虚拟语气；让步状语从句中的虚拟语气；与过去事实、将来事实相反的虚拟语气；几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构；其它特殊结构中的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气重点小结：
1．普通虚拟条件句
普通虚拟条件句叙述与事实相反的情况，不强调推测意味。虚拟语气多用于条件句中，需正确掌握表示虚拟应使用的时态：
虚拟情况条件从句结果从句
与现在事实相反If +主语+过去时（be动词通
常用were）
主语
+would/could/might
do
2．推测虚拟条件句
虚拟语气用于推测条件句指对未来的事进行虚拟推测，即讲话人认为实现的可能性极小。故与将来事实相反的虚拟形式适用于推测虚拟条件句。 条件从句 结果主句 A ：If +主语+过去时（be 动词通常用were ）
B ：If +主语+should do
C ：If +主语+were to do
注：should do 比were to do 实现的可
能性大
主语+would do
注：推测虚拟条件句与普通虚拟条件句的唯一区别在于推测虚拟条件句与过去事实相
反
If +主语+ had done
主语+would have done
与将来事实相反 A ：If +主语+过去时（be 动词
通常用were ）
B ：If +主语+should do
C ：If +主语+were to do
注：should do 比were to do
实现的可能性大
主语+would /should do
中的结果主句只能用would do形式，而普通虚拟条件句中的结果主句可用would do或should do两种形式。
3．错综时间条件句
错综时间条件句即虚拟条件从句和主句发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句时态的选择不能拘泥于上表所列的时态构成，需根据各自所指的不同时间选用对应的虚拟语气形式。
e.g. If I were you, I wouldn’t have gone out with him last night. (现在—过去)
If I had had breakfast this morning, I would not be so hungry now. (过去-现在)
4．含蓄条件句
含蓄条件句指句中没有出现明显表示虚拟语气的条件句，而是使用其它一些词、短语、从句或其它结构来表示条件，但句中仍然使用了虚拟语气。在不使用if从句表示条件的情况下，表示条件的词或短语通常有：but for（要不是），without, with, or（否则），otherwise（否则），in case of（在……的情况下，如果），under the/such circumstances（在……的情况下），what if （如果……将会怎样）等。
e.g. I would have passed the exam. (If I had worked harder)
A wise man wouldn’t have done that. (if he were a wise man)
But for his father’s encouragement, he wouldn’t have won the first
prize.
Under such circumstances I would probably have said the same.
With better equipment, we would have succeeded.
含蓄条件句中可用比较级来表示条件。
e.g. A more careful person would not have made such kind of mistakes.
含蓄条件句中可用从句来表示条件。
e.g. Anyone who had been in your case would have done the same. 含蓄条件句中可用分词来表示条件。
e.g. Having arrived on time, she would have seen his father.
5．名词性从句中若含有表示“命令、建议、请求、意愿、主张、目的”等意义的词时，需使用虚拟语气，通常用“（should）+ 动词原形”形式，可以省略。注：在“It is amazing/surprising/odd/strange/not good/wrong/incredible/inconceivable/a pity/a shame +that…”结构中的从句要用should虚拟形式且should不可以省略，表示说话人的惊异、失望、懊悔等情感。
e.g. It’s not good that the children in this primary school should be
given so much homework to do.
It is amazing that he should have learnt such a long essay by heart
in such a short time.
6．由wish 引导的从句需要用虚拟语气。通常用过去时表示对现在的虚拟，
用过去完成
时表示对过去的虚拟，用“would +动词原形”表示对将来的虚拟。
e.g. I wish I could fly like a bird.
I wish I hadn’t lent him my computer.
I wish I would afford to travel the whole word.
7．由had hoped/thought引导的宾语从句表示未实现的愿望或令人失望的事时，从句中的谓语动词要用“would+动词原形”的形式。
e.g. His father had hoped/thought that his son would follow his
footsteps and become an artist.
8．在would rather, had rather, would sooner 和would prefer 引导的从句中要用虚拟语气，即
用过去时表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况、希望或委婉的责备。
e.g. I’d rather you told me about it right awa y.
I’d rather you had told me about it earlier.
9．在固定句型It is (high/about) time…中，谓语动词用过去时，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而现在有些晚了”。
e.g. It’s high time you told me about it.
10．if only引导的从句表示没有实现的愿望或遗憾，需要使用虚拟语气。通
常用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。
e.g. If only I were a bird and could g\fly freely in the sky.
If only I had known it earlier and I could have stopped it.
11．在让步虚拟从句中，whether…or… 结构通常用倒装语序，谓语用be 的原形来表示。
e.g. Be it fine or not, I will inspect the factory myself tomorrow.
= Whether it is fine or not, I will inspect the factory myself tomorrow.
12．but for相当于if it were not for…（与现在事实相反）或if it had not been for（与过去事实相反）。
e.g. But for water and air, nothing could live in the world.
= If it were not for water and air, nothing could live in the world.
But for his father’s encouragement, he wouldn’t have won the first prize.
= If it had not been for his father’s encouragement, he wouldn’t have won the first prize.
13．“but/except +表示条件”结构，意为“但是，不巧的是”。
在“but/except +表示条件”结构中，主句应使用虚拟语气。具体而言：当
英语专业四级词汇与语法
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英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析
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现代大学英语四级写作资料(1)
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大学英语四级词汇大全
Smart 词汇记忆组群1 indeed ad. 真正地；确实，实在 deed n. 行为，行动；功绩；契约 相关单词act vi. 行为，做；起作用 n. 行为 ag,act=to act(行动) agency n. 代理；代理处agent n. 代理人，代理商agony n. 极度痛苦 action n. 行动；作用 active a. 活跃的，积极的；在活动中的 activity n. 活动，活跃；行动actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 actual a. 实际的，事实的actually ad. 实际上；竟然react vi. 起作用，反应；反对，起反作用；起化学反应reaction n. (to)反应；反作用 exact a. 确切的，精确的exactly ad. 确切地；恰恰正是，确实 interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响 inter=between,among interfere vi. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰 interference n. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰 interior a. 内部的；内地的，国内的 n. 内部；内地 intermediate a. 中间的；中级的 n. 中间体，媒介物 interpret vt. 解释，说明vi. 口译，翻译interpretation n. 解释，口译 interpreter n. 译员，口译者interview n./v. 接见，会见；面谈，面试 interval n. 间隔，间距；（幕间）休息 internal a. 内的，内部的；国内的，内政的相关单词 external a. 外部的，外面的 ex-=fully,out exterior a. 外部的，外面的 n. 外部 explain v. 解释，说明 example n. 例子；榜样，模 范 形近单词 sample vt. 抽样，取样 Smart词汇记忆组群2 block n.街区；木块；障碍物； vt.堵塞，拦阻 barrier n.屏障；障碍 bar=bar(横木) embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为 难 bar n.酒吧间，售酒的柜台；条， 杆；栅，栏； vt.阻止，阻拦 barrel n.桶，筒 与“容器”相关的单词 basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地 bucket n.水桶，桶 drum n.鼓状的桶；鼓 pail n.桶，提桶 tub n.桶，盆，浴盆 jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶 kettle n.水壶 pot n.壶，罐 can n.罐头，听头 tin n.锡；罐头 container n.容器，集装箱 tain,ten,tin=to hold,to keep(保持) content n.内容，目录；容量 content a.满意的，满足的； vt.使满意，是满足 continual a.不停的，频频的 continue vt.继续，延伸 continuous a.连续不断的， 持续的 contain vt.包含，容纳 attain v.(尤指经过努力)达 到，获得 entertain vt.招待；是欢乐 entertainment n.娱乐 fountain n.喷泉 maintain vt.维持，保持；赡 养，负担；维修，保养；坚持， 主张 maintenance n.维持，保持； 维修，保持 obtain vt.获得，得到 sustain vt.保持，使......持续 不息；供养，维持（生命等）； 支持 rentain vt.保持，保留 形近单词 remain vi.剩下；留待；依然 是 remains n.残余，剩余；遗迹 main a.主要的，总的 mainly ad.主要地，大体上 Smart词汇记忆组群3 bio=life(生命) biography n.传记 biology n.生物学；生态学 log=to speak(说话) catalog(ue) n.目录（册）； vt.将（书籍，资料等）编入目 录 dialog(ue) n.对话，对白 logical a.逻辑上的，符合逻辑 的 apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪 apologize vi.道歉，认错 psychological a.心理的，心 理学的 technology n.工艺，技术 techn(o)=art(技 艺),skill(技术) technical a.技术的，工艺的 technician n.技术员，技师 technique n.技术；技艺 相关单词 science n.科学，科学研究 sci=to know(知道) scientific a.科学（上）的 scientist n.（自然）科学家 unconscious a.不省人事的； 未意识到的 consciousness n.意识，觉 悟 conscience n.良心，道德心 conscious a.意识到的；有意 的；神智清醒的 相关单词 aware a.知道的，意识到的 recognize vt.认识，认出；承 认 recognition n.认出，识别； 承认 realize vt.认识到；实现 reality n.现实；真实（性）
2019英语四级词汇与语法精选特训(10)
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英语四级常用词汇句型语法知识汇总
一、100个高频词汇 1 accelerate vt. (使)加速，增速- 【例】accelerate the rate of economic growth - 加速经济增长- 【派】acceleration n. 加速accelerating a.加速的- 2 account n. 账户、考虑- 【考】take sth. into account 把…考虑在内- 3 accustom vt.使习惯- 【考】be accustomed to - 4 adapt vi. 适应- 【考】adapt to…适应- 5 adjust vi.适应- 【考】adjust to...适应…- 6 advocate vt. 宣扬- 7 affluent a.富裕的- 【派】affluence n.富裕- 8 annoy vt.使烦恼, 使恼怒- 【派】annoying a. 令人恼人的; - annoyance n. 烦恼; - ?annoyed a.颇为生气的- 9 ascribe vt.把…归咎于- 【考】ascribe..to 归因于- 10 assess vt.评估- 【派】assessment n. 评估- 11 assign vt.指派，选派；分配，布置（作业）- 【派】assignment 作业- 12 assume vt.假象、假定- 13 attain vt.获得- 【考】attain one's ideal 达到理想- 14 attribute vt. 把…归因于- 【考】attribute sth.? to 把...归咎于- 15 attribute vt.归咎于- 【考】be attributed to? attribute sth. to …- 16 automatically ad. 自动地- 17 boost vt.提高，推动，使增长n. 推动，增长- 【例】boost the economy 推动经济增长- 【派】booster n.支持者，推动器- 18 brilliant a.光辉的、辉煌的- 【派】brilliance n. - 19 collaborate vi.合作- 【考】collaborate with. sb. - 20 comprehensive a. 综合的- 【考】综合性大学- 21 conscious a. 有意识的- 【考】be conscious of sth. 对…有 意识- 22 conserve vt.保存、节省- 【考】conserve energy 保护能源- 23 considerate a. 考虑周到的- 24 contribute vt.贡献- 【考】contribute to 导致、带来、为…贡献- 25 convenient a.方便的 n.convenience 方便- 26 convey vt.传达- 27 cooperate vt.合作- 【考】cooperative a.合作的- 28 coordinate vt.合作- 29 cultivate vt.培养- 30 derive vt. 出自、源于- 【考】derive from …- 31 despair vi.绝望; n. 绝望- 【考】despair of 绝望; sb. be in despair 某人处于绝望中- 32 disapprove vt. 不批准、不赞同- 【派】disapproval n. 不赞同- 【考】express strong disapproval
大学英语四级词汇表(最全版)
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accidental/ ?ksi’dentl/ a.偶然的;非本质的accommodate/ ?’k?m?deit/ vt.容纳;供应，供给accommodation/ ?,k?m?’dei??n/ n.招待设备;预定铺位accompany/ ?’kΛmp?ni/ vt.陪伴，陪同;伴随accomplish/ ?’k?mpli?/ vt.达到(目的);完成accordance/ ?’k?r:d?ns/ n.一致;和谐;授予accordingly/ ?’k?r:di?li/ ad.因此，所以;照着 account/ ?’kaunt/ n.记述;解释;帐目 accumulate/ ?’kju:mjuleit/ vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy/ ‘?kjur?si/ n.准确(性);准确度 accurate/ ‘?kjurit/ a.准确的，正确无误的accustomed/ ?’kΛst?md/ a.惯常的;习惯的 acid/ ‘?sid/ n.酸;酸的，酸性的
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1. Would you mind ____ quiet for a moment? I'm trying ____ of form. A) keeping,to fill out B) keeping,filling outC) keep,to fill out D) to keep,to fill out 2. Mercury is different from other industrial metals ____ it is a liquid. A) because of B) whereas C) in that D) though 3. He made a hypothesis ____ the great storms on the sun create large amounts of electric energy. A) why B) whichC) when D) that 4. He had the ____ over other boys of having had very good preschool education. A) alternative B) advantage C) ability D) challenge 5. ____ went to the birthday party last night. A) Many friends of John B) Many John’s friends C) Many of John friends D) Many friends of John's 6. —"Are you tired?"—"No, not ____." A) in the least B) at the least C) so to speak D) at least 7. The notice says that no books in the reading room are allowed ____ out of it. A) to take B) take C) taking D) to be taken 8. ____ in the front row and ____ a pair of binoculars I saw everything clearly and beautifully. A) Seated,using B) Seating,using C) Seated,used D) Seating,used 9. ____ they want to the bar to enjoy a drink. A) No sooner had they got to know the news when B) Hardly they had got to know the news than C) No sooner had they got to know the news than D) Scarcely had they got to know the news than 10. At the beginning of a year, everybody ____ many plans for the comingdays. A) come up with B) come up to C) come through D) come round 答案与解析： 1.A安静一会儿好吗？我正在填表。习惯用法的考查。Would you mind doing something?（你介意做……吗？）。try to do something（努力或设法做……。） 2.C水银不同于其他的金属，因为它是液体。 A）because of因为、由于，后接名词。B）though而、却。C）in that因为，由于，后接从句。D）though尽管。 3.D他做了一个假想：太阳系一场巨大风暴能产生出大量电能。本题属同位语从句。that引导的从句做抽象名词hypothesis 的同位语。 4.B在接受良好的学前教育方面，他比其他的孩子有优势。习惯用法的考查。have the advantage over在……方面占优势。 A)alternative二者择一；C)ability能力；D)challenge挑战。 5.D昨晚约翰的很多朋友去参加了生日晚会。本句考查的是语法中名词的双重所有格：of + 名词’s ，此结构常用于表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。 6.A——“你累吗？”——“一点儿也不累。”习惯用法的考查。A)not in the least 一点儿也不；B)at (the) least至少；C)so to speak 可以这么说。 7.D告示上说阅览室的书不允许被带出去。本题考查动词的用法。动词allow后跟不定式做宾语。本题属于被动语态，故应用be allowed to be done。 8.A坐在前排，用望远镜我能清楚地看到所有的事物。本题考查分词的用法。seat一词的用法较为特殊，它的被动形式常表示主动的意义。 9.C他们一知道那个消息，就去酒吧喝酒庆祝。本题考查倒装。no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...,都表示“一……就……”。当no sooner或hardly/scarcely置于句首时，主谓要倒装。 10.A新年伊始，每个人都为将来制定了很多计划。动词词组的考查。A）come up with(提出、提供)。B)come to合计、
大学英语四级语法考点透析
第一章动词的时与体(Tense & Aspect) 时（tense）是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词只有“现在时”和“过去时”，而没有“将来时”（在英语中，表示“将来”手段多种多样，但没有一种独特的、能与“现在时”和“过去时”平起平坐的专一表示“将来”的动词形式----“将来时”）。 体（aspect）也是一个语法范畴，它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语有进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfective aspect)。进行体是由助动词be的一定形式加主动词的-ing 分词构成；完成体由助动词have的一定形式加主动词的-ed分词构成。 现在时和过去时既可以单独使用，也可以和进行体或完成体结合使用，也可以同时与完成体和进行体结合使用。这样，英语的限定动词词组便有8种时、体形式。它们分别是：一般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、现在进行体(present progressive)、过去进行体(past progressive)、现在完成体(present perfective)、过去完成体(past perfective)、现在完成进行体(present perfective progressive)、过去完成进行体(past perfective progressive)。在这一章中，我们单独挑出完成体来加以详述。 1．1 必须使用完成体的结构 1）It (This, This evening, yesterday...) is (was, will be) first (second, third...) time (day, month…)…结构中的分句，要求用完成体。 Is this the first time you've been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing. This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.. This was the eighth month that I had been out of work. This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition. This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition. 2）在no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely…when,等的句型中，主句要用过去完成体。 He had no sooner seen me than he left the room. No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder. 3）将来完成体用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的分句连用。 I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. （2002年1月） A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 本题时间状语为by+将来时间，考察将来完成体用法，应选择D)。 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________here for two days.（2001年6月） A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 将来完成体用来可以表示在将来某一时间以前一直持续的动作，本句话的意思是：我们将在这里呆两天，因此谓语动词用将来完成体，答案为D)。 1．2 现在完成体与现在完成进行体 现在完成进行体兼有现在完成体和现在进行体二者基本特点。由于它有现在完成体的特点，所以它
大学英语四级词汇表带音标
大学英语四级大纲单词表 (共4615)
a art.一(个)；每一(个) abandon[] vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 ability [] n.能力；能耐，本领 able[] a.有能力的；出色的 abnormal []a.不正常的；变态的 aboard[] ad.在船(车)上；上船 about [] prep.关于；在…周围 above [] prep.在…上面；高于 abroad []ad.(在)国外；到处 absence [] n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent [] a.不在场的；缺乏的 absolute []a.绝对的；纯粹的 absolutely []ad.完全地；绝对地 absorb [] vt.吸收；使专心 abstract [] a.抽象的n.摘要 abundant [] a.丰富的；大量的 abuse []vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用 academic [] a.学院的；学术的 academy []n.私立中学；专科院校 accelerate [] vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration []n.加速(度) accent [] n.口音，腔调；重音 accept [] vt.vi.接受；同意 acceptable [] a.可接受/合意的 acceptance []n.接受，验收；承认 access [] n.接近；通道，入口 accessory []n.同谋，从犯；附件 accident [] n.意外的；事故 accidental []a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate [] vt.容纳;供应,供给accommodation []n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany []vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 accomplish []vt.达到(目的)；完成 accord [] vt.使一致；给予 accordance [] n.一致；和谐；授予 accordingly [] ad.因此，所以；照着 account [] n.记述；解释；帐目 accumulate []vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy []n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate [] a.准确的，正确无误的 accuse [] vt.指责；归咎于 accustom [] vt.使习惯
专业英语四级语法与词汇模拟题26
专业英语四级语法与词汇模拟题26 单项选择题 1. But for the accident, we ______ the task much earlier. A.should finish B.should have finished C.would finish D.shall have finished 答案：B [解答] 考查虚拟语气。 but for相当于without，if not for，意为“要不是”。用but for开头的句子就相当于if引导的非真实条件句，故排除选项C与D。对过去事情的虚拟，应该用完成时，故本题应该选B。 2. —When has the country been open to international trade? —1960, I suppose. A.Since B.In C.From D.After 答案：A [解答] 考查句子时态。 问句中用的是现在完成时态，when相当于下文的1978。since+过去某一时间点常与现在完成时连用，故选A项。 3. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ______ movie could not hold our attention. A.three hours B.three-hour C.three hours'
D.three hour's 答案：B [解答] 考查复合词作定语。 数词+量词构成的复合词作定语时，中间用连接符连接，量词用单数。故B正确。 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed. A.like B.so C.which D.as 答案：D [解答] 考查连词的用法。 此处考查引导方式状语从句的连词，空格后面实际上是一个省略句，完整形式应该是they are directed。由此可知该处缺少连词，意思应该是“以…方式”，故选as。 5. ______ the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. A.He had no sooner opened B.Hardly had he opened C.Scarcely did he opened D.No sooner did he open 答案：B [解答] 考查倒装句。 hardly/scarcely…when或no sooner…than为固定搭配，意为“一…就…”。含有此结构的句子，表示从句中的动作一发生，主句中的动作随即发生，并且当hardly/scarcely或no sooner置于句首时，从句的主语和谓语必须倒装；另外，在以上结构中，主句一般用过去完成时，从句一般用一般过去时。由此可知正确答案为B。
大学英语四级常考语法总结
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
绝对完整的大学英语四级词汇表Word版
大学英语四级词汇表 1. 1.a art.一(个)；每一(个) 2.abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 3.ability n.能力；能耐，本领 4.able a.有能力的；出色的 5.abnormal a.不正常的；变态的 6.aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船 7.about prep.关于；在…周围 8.above prep.在…上面；高于 9.abroad ad.(在)国外；到处 10.absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 11.absent a.不在场的；缺乏的 12.absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的 13.absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地 14.absorb vt.吸收；使专心 15.abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要 16.abundant a.丰富的；大量的 17.abuse vt.滥用；虐待 n.滥用 18.academic a.学院的；学术的 19.academy n.私立中学；专科院校 20.accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进 21.acceleration n.加速；加速度 22.accent n.口音，腔调；重音 23.accept vt.vi.接受；同意 24.acceptable a.可接受的，合意的 25.acceptance n.接受，验收；承认 26.access n.接近；通道，入口 27.accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件 28.accident n.意外的；事故 29.accidental a.偶然的；非本质的 30.accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给 31.accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位 32.accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 33.accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成 34.accord vt.使一致；给予 35.accordance n.一致；和谐；授予 36.accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着 37.account n.记述；解释；帐目 38.accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积 39.accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度 40.accurate a.准确的，正确无误的 41.accuse vt.指责；归咎于 42.accustom vt.使习惯