翻译3
Unit 11
I、上次课外练习参考译文：
凄风细雨，山路蜿蜒，我毫无兴致驱车前往女儿卡罗琳的家。可女儿一定要我前去看看山顶上的什么景致。
转过一条狭窄的小道我们停下车出来，沿着铺满厚厚一层松针的小路走去。头顶上高大的墨绿色常青树耸入云霄。渐渐地这地方的平和宁静开始令我陶醉。然后我们拐了个弯，我停下了脚步，惊诧不已。
从山顶往下好几英亩的山坡上，满是怒放的水仙花，犹如江河直下，越过山坳，穿过峡谷，一片五彩缤纷：有洁净无比的象牙白，有极其浓郁的柠檬黄，有鲜艳夺目的鲑鱼橙，如同一幅地毯展现在我们面前，令人眼花缭乱。仿佛太阳倾翻了，把一片金光溢泻到了山坡上。
一大堆问题在我的脑海中翻腾。谁创造了这种美景？为什么要创造？又是如何创造的？
我们走近这块宝地中央的屋子，只见一块牌子上写着：我知道你要问的问题，答案如下。答案一：一位妇女，一双手，两只脚，而且天资不高。答案二：一次种一株。答案三：开始于1958年。
驱车回家的路上，我为所见的一切感动不已，无言以对。“她改造了世界，”我终于说道。“一次种一株。她几乎40年前就开始了。当时也许只是一念之闪，但她持之以恒。” 这一奇观令我回味良久。“试想，”我说道，“如果我有一个梦想，并为之努力，每天干一点，最后我会做出怎样的成绩呢？”
II、英汉翻译原理第五讲：有哪些常用的翻译技巧？
【例91】We should help in ways which are mutually beneficial to both developing and developed countries.
×我们应以对发展中国家和发达国家双方都有利的方法援助。
【译文】我们的援助方法应对发展中国家和发达国家双方都有利。
一、词性转译法：
（一）转译成动词：
【例92】 For Westerners in China, the establishment of an effective team of managers means attracting -- and retaining both expatriate and local management talent.
【译文】对于在中国的西方人来说，建立一支有效的管理人员队伍意味着要同时吸引并留住来自海外的管理人才和本地的管理人才。
1、名词转译成动词：
【例93】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.
×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，使他的生活增添了乐趣。
【例94】 He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.
×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例95】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.
×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例96】 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例97】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.
【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例98】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.
×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。
2、介词、副词转译成动词：
【例99】With a rifle across his shoulder the boy was playing the soldier.
【译文】那男孩肩上扛着枪在装士兵。
【例100】They worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
【译文】他们吃的是简陋的饭菜，住的是寒冷的窑洞，在昏暗的灯光下长时间地工作。
【例101】The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
【译文】这条大街向西而去，跨过一座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，经过了几家店铺和肉市，又越过了几幢平房，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。
【例102】Training as a salesperson would guarantee her some employment once her schooling was through.
【译文】参加推销员培训就会确保他在学业完成以后能找到工作做。
3、形容词转译成动词：
【例103】He must have been aware that his parents' marriage was breaking up.
【译文】他一定已经知道父母的婚姻关系正在破裂。
【例104】 Our computerized stock control system is now operative.
【译文】本公司的库存管理计算机系统现已运行。
【例105】His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted.
【译文】他母亲很宠他，他不管想干什么她都愿意让他干。
III、课堂练习（运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子译成流畅通顺的汉语）：
1. He who is subject to temptations tends to err.
2. It is the first time that the bigger hydraulic motors have been used in a UK application.
3. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.
4. In the event of any conflict between this paragraph and the production acceptance test schedule, the latter shall prevail,
5. He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
6. There were no sounds but that of the tread of the men and the footsteps of the two shaggy ponies which drew the van.
7. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was
a good speaker and student of political philosophy. His ability finally made a name for him.
8. The interest the United Nations has always shown in this problem, which has been a distinguishing feature of its work since its inception, has increased as the newly independent countries joined its ranks.
IV、课堂练习参考译文：
1. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。
2. 这种大功率液压马达在英国的应用尚属首次。
3. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。
4. 如本节所述内容与生产验收试验规范相冲突，则以试验规范为准。
5. 他从来没有上过医学院，但他却获得了理学博士这样难得的荣誉学位。
6. 此时只听见沙沙的脚步声和两匹鬃毛蓬松的拉车小马得得的马蹄声，除此之外，万籁俱寂。
7. 他利用业余时间攻读法律，后来当了律师。他口才很好，还精通政治哲学。他的才能最终使他出了名。
8. 联合国对这一问题始终非常关心，这是它成立以来工作中的一个显著特点。随着一些新独立国家加入联合国的队伍，这种关心更增强了。
V、课外练习（将以下短文译成汉语，注意运用各种翻译技巧使译文流畅通顺）：
The relationship many of us have with nature is characterized by our attitude toward insects. "Ugh! Yuk! There's a bug. Squash it!" It seems that ladybugs and butterflies are the only insects that escape the all-bugs-are-beastly attitude.
Hostility and fear are universally the products of ignorance, and our antagonism is no exception. One cannot deny that insects are a nuisance when their bites become sore, and a threat when they transmit disease, but, viewed dispassionately, even noxious insects are beautiful.
From having studied their fossilized remains, we know that insects have inhabited the earth for nearly 400 million years. Today we find them abundantly everywhere we look. Insects have been discovered on the snow of the polar caps and the peaks of high mountains.
Bees, wasps, ants and termites have intricate societies in which different members are specialized for foraging, defense and reproduction. The life of a worker honeybee is even separated into successive occupations: during the first three weeks the young worker grooms the queen and her eggs, cleans out the hive, cools it by wing-fanning at the entrance, and attacks or walls in intruders. Only after this apprenticeship is the graduate allowed to leave the hive and forage for nectar and pollen.
Add to such behavior the fact that some ants use leaf fragments as spoons in which to carry soft food back to their nest, and one is tempted to describe insects as "intelligent" and begin to make comparisons between insect and human societies.
It saddens me that people deny themselves the simple pleasure of appreciating the exquisite elegance of even the more common insects. Only a moment with a hand lens is required to discover a new world of design and beauty.
Unit 12
I、上次课外练习参考译文：
我们很多人与自然的关系表现于我们对昆虫的态度。“哎呀！有只虫子，快踩死它！”看来，只有瓢虫和蝴蝶才得以幸免于这种讨厌所有虫子的态度。
一切仇视和惧怕都是由于无知，我们对昆虫的敌视态度也不例外。不可否认，昆虫叮咬引起疼痛让人不好受，而且昆虫还会传播疾病；但是，如果冷静地看一看，即使害虫也非常美丽。
我们从昆虫遗骸化石的研究中获知，昆虫在地球上已生存了将近4亿年。今天我们无论在哪里都能看到大量昆虫。在极地的雪原和高山的顶峰都发现过昆虫。
蜜蜂、黄蜂、蚂蚁、白蚁等昆虫都有关系复杂的群落，群落中不同的成员有专门的分工：有的觅食，有的防卫，有的传种接代。工蜂的一生甚至先后分别承担几种工作：最初三周的幼蜂负责照料蜂王和峰卵，清洁蜂巢，在入口处扇动翅膀为蜂巢降温，攻击或围歼入侵者。只有在这个学习阶段期满之后，工蜂才能离开蜂巢出去采集花蜜和花粉。
除了这种行为之外，有些蚂蚁还能用碎叶片当勺子把流质食物运回巢穴。你不禁会说昆虫是“智能动物”，并把昆虫群落与人类社会加以比较。
有些很普通的昆虫其实非常漂亮精致，这种欣赏的乐趣唾手可得，然而人们偏偏不愿意去体验，真是令人痛心。只要拿起一个手提放大镜，片刻之间你就会发现一个充满美丽图案的新世界。
II、英汉翻译原理第五讲：有哪些常用的翻译技巧？（续）
（二）转译成名词：
1、名词派生的动词
【例106】 In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.
【译文】在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是爱的化身。
【例107】 Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early paintings.
【译文】他早期绘画的特点是色彩鲜明，笔法粗犷。
【例108】They are already planning to staff the management in the event the joint venture is formed.
【译文】他们已经在打算合资企业一旦建成后经理部门的人事安排。
2、形容词
【例109】He felt responsible for her death.
【译文】他觉得她的死他有责任。
【例110】Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship.
【译文】缺乏信任对人际关系的危害很大。
（三）转译成形容词：
【例111】Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success.
【译文】勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。
【例112】I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question.
【译文】我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。
【例113】It's such a nuisance that I've got to work on Saturday.
【译文】我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。
【例114】As he was a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
【译文】他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。
【例115】There's no point arguing about it -- just do as you're told.
【译文】争论是没有意义的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。
（四）其它词性转译：
【例116】 The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has been its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques.
【译文】该公司多年来发展壮大的主要因素是一贯成功地保持了产品设计和制造工艺上的技术优势。
【例117】 This time-lag is difficult to explain, but there are three possible reasons.
【译文】这种时滞现象很难解释，但可能有三个原因。
【例118】People would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle.
【译文】无污染车辆会给人们带来很大的好处。
二、分句法和合句法：
（一）分句法：
【例119】He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labours.
×他访问了许多地方，到处受到对他的艰苦努力所一贯表示的热情欢迎。
【译文】他访问了许多地方，到处受到热情的欢迎。他的艰苦努力是一贯受到热请欢迎的。
【例120】 Eventually, more as a last hope than with any real confidence in a result, a sub-committee was formed to try to reconcile differences between them.
×最后，对其结果并无真正信心，只是抱有最后一点希望，成立了一个小组委员会，试图调解他们之间的分歧。
【译文】最后成立了一个小组委员会试图调解他们之间的分歧。这只是最后一点希望，对其结果如何并非真有信心。
【例121】 Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age, and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.
【译文】知识是人到老年时舒适而又必需的精神归宿。如果年轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树荫的遮蔽。
【例122】 He has long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues; now that contempt was no longer cordial.
【译文】长期以来，他的同僚们虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感；现在，除了看不起之外，亲切感已没有了。
【例123】The society dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense.
【译文】该协会否定现代关于地球形状的公认看法，认为都是一派胡言。
III、课堂练习（运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子译成流畅通顺的汉语）：
1. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
2. You are free to go out and see and meet people, and therefore you have control over loneliness; you are not its prisoner.
3. Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward the distance.
4. Rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.
5. I talked to him with brutal frankness.
6. He took a house on a lease of ten years.
7. As I know more of mankind I expect less of them, and am now ready to call a man a good man more easily than formerly.
8. Truth is tough. It will not break, like a bubble, at a touch; nay, you may kick it about all day like a football, and it will be round and full at evening. Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design.
IV、课堂练习参考译文：
1. 发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要以他的魅力和风趣把这个人争取过来。
2. 你可以随意出去走走，去会会别人，所以，你不是孤独的俘虏，你是主人。
3. 偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们时不时忧虑地朝远处探望。
4. 有钱的太太小姐们大多忙于无数鸡毛蒜皮的小事请，而且她们深信这些事情都惊天动地非常重要。
5. 我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。
6. 他租了一栋房子，租期为十年。
7. 随着我对人类了解越多，我的期望就越低。我现在说人家是好人比过去容易得多了。
8. 真理是坚韧的，不会像气泡那样一触即破；不仅如此，还可以像足球一样，整天任人踢来踢去，到晚上还同样形圆气足。
V、课外练习（将以下短文译成汉语，注意运用各种翻译技巧时译文流畅通顺）：
In empty-shell marriages the spouses feel no strong attachments to each other. Outside pressures keep the marriage together. Such outside pressures include business reasons, investment reasons and outward appearances. In addition, a couple may believe that ending the marriage would harm the children or that getting a divorce would be morally wrong.
Three types of empty-shell marriages have been identified. In a devitalized relationship husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in their spouse or their marriage. Boredom and apathy characterize this marriage. Yet serious arguments are rare. In a conflict-habituated relationship husband and wife frequently quarrel in private. They may also quarrel in public or put up a facade of being compatible. The relationship is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness. And in a passive-congenial relationship both partners are not happy, but are content with their lives and generally feel adequate. The partners may have some interests in common, but these interests are generally insignificant. This type of relationship generally has little overt conflict.
The number of empty-shell marriages is unknown -- it may be as high as the number of happily married couples. The atmosphere in empty-shell marriages is without much fun or laughter. Members do not share and discuss their problems or experiences with each other. Communication is kept to a minimum. Children in such families are usually starved for love and reluctant to have friends over as they are embarrassed about having their friends see their parents interacting. The couples in these marriages engage in few activities together and display no pleasure in being in one another's company. The members are highly aware of each other's weaknesses and sensitive areas, and they manage to frequently mention these areas in order to hurt one another.
Unit 13
I、上次课外练习参考译文：
空壳婚姻的配偶双方之间没有很强的依恋感。婚姻的维系依靠种种外界压力，包括事务原因、资产原因以及面子问题。此外，夫妻双方可能认为终止婚姻会殃及孩子，或者认为离婚就是道德败坏。
空壳婚姻有三种类型。一种是死气沉沉的婚姻：在这种婚姻关系中夫妻俩对于配偶或婚姻缺乏激情，或者缺乏真正的兴趣。厌倦冷漠是这种婚姻的特点，但很少有激烈的争吵。第二种是争吵成习的婚姻：在这种婚姻关系中夫妻之间私下里经常争吵，在公开场合也会争吵，或者也会表面上装得和睦相处。这种婚姻关系的特点是冲突不断、关系紧张、怨恨不已。第三种是消极契合的婚姻：这种婚姻关系的双方都不幸福，但生活上满足，通常感到差强人意。双方可能有一些共同兴趣，但这种兴趣一般微不足道。这种婚姻关系通常很少发生公开的冲突。
有多少婚姻是空壳婚姻不得而知，也许同美满婚姻一样多。空壳婚姻的家庭气氛没有什么欢声笑语。家庭成员之间对各自的问题或经历不闻不问，相互交流极少。在这样的家庭中孩子通常缺乏爱，也不愿意请朋友到家里来，因为让朋友看到父母抬杠是非常难堪的。这种婚姻的夫妻很少一起做事情，两人相伴并无乐趣。家庭成员对彼此的弱点和痛处非常清楚，而且还经常千方百计把这些东西挂在嘴边伤害对方。
II、英汉翻译基本原理第五讲：有哪些常用的翻译技巧？（续）
（二）合句法：
【例124】Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset.
【译文】将近傍晚，法军的攻势逐渐松懈，或许因为它们除了英国人之外还有别的交战敌人，或许正在准备发动最后的一次总攻击。
【例125】The remembrance rankles still in the bosoms of millions of the countrymen. They pant for an opportunity of revenging that humiliation.
【译文】千百万同胞们至今回想起此事依然觉得懊丧，恨不得有机会赶快报仇雪耻。
【例126】The coup d'etat of Thermidor was staged on July 27, 1704. Robespierre and his supporters were overthrown and the Committee of Public Safety was ended.
【译文】 1794年7月27日的热月政变推翻了罗伯斯庇尔及其支持者，公安委员会也随之倒台。
三、被动语态的译法：
（一）译成汉语主动句：
1、原文有动作执行者或其他相关成分可作译文主语时，被动句可译成主动句
【例127】What is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed.
【译文】外界很少有人知道，这种无法做到的情况是立法造成的，是经过精心策划的。
【例128】American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels.
【译文】允许美国俘虏领取红十字会的食品包裹。
【例129】When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.
【译文】用望远镜看，太阳接近边缘的部分显得略暗。
【例130】 One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.
【译文】必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。
【例131】 A surprising amount of one's time as a student or professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients.
【译文】学生或职业人士花费大量时间撰写报告，以向老师、经理或客户讲述研究项目的成果。
2、原文动词的汉语对应动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，被动句可译作主动句
【例132】The old woman's body was found at the end of the alley.
【译文】老妇人的尸体在小巷尽头发现了。
【例133】 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.
【译文】搬家时大部分家具要么留给了邻居，要么分给了朋友。
3. 运用词性转译法技巧，将英语被动语态译作汉语主动语态
【例134】Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.
【译文】对于各项计划的评估，不要看其令人们高兴的程度，使人们满意的程度，而要看其引起的不满情绪属于什么性质。
4. 转换成其他表达方式，将英语被动语态译作汉语主动语态
【例135】The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.
【译文】由于打破了权力的高度集中，经济获得了自由。
【例136】These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.
【译文】这些经纪人按买家和卖家的嘱咐进行交易，从中收取佣金。
【例137】 Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible.
【译文】有些人误认为人们喜欢积蓄精力，喜欢休息，喜欢尽可能褒扬自己。
5. 重新组织原文的语句结构，将英语被动语态译作汉语主动语态
【例138】When the ideas of a scientist are expressed in simple mathematical form, new relationships and new channels of investigation often suggest themselves.
【译文】科学家在用简单的数学形式表达概念时，研究工作常常会表现出新的关系和新的途径。
【例139】 A ten percent reduction in auto accidents has been realized by exercising a tighter control on the highway speed limit.
【译文】由于加强了公路车速限制，车祸事故减少了一成。
【例140】 The behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors.
【译文】在管道中流动的液体，其性能受到多种因素的影响。
III、课堂练习（运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子译成流畅通顺的汉语）：
1. A group of sharks were spotted off the coast earlier this month.
2. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
3. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
4. Over the years 26 amendments have been added to the Constitution, but the basic document has not been changed.
5. While there are literally thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
6. I was feeling far from well, as a heavy cold and sore throat were reinforced by the consequences of inoculation against typhoid fever.
7. Spare-time learners are usually the best learners. Their rate of learning is helped by the fact that they want to learn and consequently try to learn.
8. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing.
新视野大学英语3课文翻译
新视野大学英语3课文翻译 第一课无限的爱 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。
全新版大学英语3翻译
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英语国家社会与文化__翻译_第三单元
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(完整版)外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译
必修3 Book3 Module 1 Europe Great European Cities Paris Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world’s largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France’s arti sts and writers live in Paris. Barcelona Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelna’s most famous landmarks is the Church of the S agrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn’t been finished yet! Florence Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produce d by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffiziz Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. Athens Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world’s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece’s best writer s lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since. CULTURAL CORNER The European Union What Is the European Union? The European Union is an organization of European countries. The countries are independent and are governed in different ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen. In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president. But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries. How Did It start? The idea of the European Union began in the 1950s. The first members were France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little, the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century. By the year 2000, there were 15 member countries. The new countries were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. How Many Countries Belong to It Now? In 2004, the European Union increased to 25 members. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all became members. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.
综合英语三课文翻译
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到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆
新概念英语第三册课文及翻译1[1]
Lesson1 A puma at large Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。 搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。 Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. ' One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom
数字_三_的中西文化解读及其翻译
第24卷第5期2008年10月 德州学院学报 Jour nal of Dezhou University Vol.24,No.5 Oct ,2008 数字 三 的中西文化解读及其翻译 张湘梅 (福建政法管理干部学院,福州 350007) 摘 要:数字从它产生的第一天起就被人们赋予了丰富的文化内涵。如果从文化交际的角度出发,从文化差 异和应用两方面对中西方两种文化中的数字 三 进行比较,可以诠释其不同的文化信息,揭示其文化根源,探讨其翻译方法。 关键词:数字 三 ;中西文化;翻译方法 中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004 9444(2008)05 0023 04 收稿日期:2008 06 12 作者简介:张湘梅(1972 ),女,讲师,在读硕士,主要从事翻译理论与实践。 数的概念是在人类漫长的历史进程中产生的, 这是人类对物质世界的认知和总结。数字从产生的第一天起就被人们赋予了丰富的文化内涵,一直与人类的精神生活息息相关。世界各民族都有自己的数文化,由于受民族心理、宗教信仰、语言崇拜和审美观念等文化差异的影响,数字被赋予各种神秘的 贬褒吉凶和象征意义。[1]237 普通的数字已经具有超越语言的灵性和不同的联想意义,体现出不同的文化类型。这方面,国内一些学者也进行了研究。但是对于数字 三 的中西文化差异及其翻译进行专门解读、探讨的为数寥寥。中国儒家文化和西伯来民族宗教文化影响下的数字 三 极具文化特色,对其翻译更不可掉以轻心。基于此,本文对数字 三 进行中西文化对比并探讨其翻译方法。 一、中西文化中 三 的差异(一)不同的哲学观念 东西方不同的哲学观念是导致东西文化差异的主要因素。东方哲学具有辩证化(阴阳、五行、八卦)、宏观化(气、道、理)和形态化(天人合一、知行合一)特色,而西方哲学有形式化(数、火、理念)、显微化(原子论)和思辩化(诡辩化)特色。[2] 中华文化因传统思想和宇宙观赋予 三 以独特的文化底蕴。首先,古人认为 三 是 自然之始祖,万殊之大宗 。老子用 道 来解释宇宙万物的起源,认为世间万物皆由 三 来。 道德经 有此说: 道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。 说文解字 云 三,天、地、人之道也 ,这种天、地、人的宇宙三分法,又称 三才 宇宙观 。其次,中华文化以 三 为极,认为 三 是 质量互变的界限,事物发展的极点。司马迁在 史记律书 中指出: 数始于一,终于十,成于三。 徐整在 三五历记 中说道 数起于一,立于三 。 孟子 说: 三不朝,则六师移之 。 战国策 说: 一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭 。从古至今人们都讲究 事不过三 。 三 在中华文化中被视为成数、满数。这样的哲学观对后人的认知法则及思想影响很大。 西方的数文化起源于古希腊文化,古希腊哲学家和数学家毕达哥拉斯是西方最早系统研究数字的先驱者。他以 数 建立起来的哲学体系认为 一 是创造者,由 一 产生原始的运动, 二 接着就产生 三 , 三 就是宇宙。他主张万物皆数,将数看作先于事物并独立于事物的世界本原。他认为 三 具有神性,是完美的化身。古希腊人就用 三 来祷神。在西方古代文明中, 三 还代表三维空间。世界被认为是由大地、海洋、天空三者合成一体的;大自然由动物、植物与矿物构成;西方哲学认为人体有肉体、心灵与精神三重性;古埃及人认为 三 代表父亲、母亲和儿子。所以对于西方人来讲, 三 具备神性,是尊贵、吉祥和完美的化身。 (二)不同的宗教神话传说 每个民族都有着自己的宗教信仰,以及丰富的神话传说。在中西方文化中,数字的应用深受各自文化中宗教、神话传说的影响。中西方神话传说中许多具有神异色彩的人物常与 三 或 三 的倍数有关。如,西方古代神话中的神往往是三位:命运三女
第二版综合教程第三册课文译文及翻译
Unit 1 Cloze ▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers: 1)reliable 2)syndrome 3)adopted 4)got done with 5)gloomy 6)or something 7)chance 8)come through 9)barely 10)in good shape 11)booth 12)mess 13)scrawled 14)peeking 15)in Translation 1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. ▆Answers for reference: 1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!” 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 课文参考译文 送给史蒂维的一点心意 丹·安德森
新概念英语第三册英语翻译
1.2.3.4.7 第一单元 如今，很多年轻人不再选择"稳定"的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。 Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses. 第二单元 实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation）是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。 Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese. 第三单元 水墨画（ink and wash painting）是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意象，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史 上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。 Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different
新视野大学英语读写第三版第三册原文及翻译
Never, ever give up! 1 As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. 英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔小时候就读于一所名为哈罗的公立学校。他不是一个好学生，如果他不是来自一个有名的家庭，他可能会因为背离校规而被开除出学校。谢天谢地，他在哈罗大学毕业了，他的错误并没有妨碍他继续上大学。他最终有了一个陆军总理的职业生涯，后来他被选为首相。他以机智、智慧、公民责任和在二战黑暗的日子里拒绝投降的勇气而出名。他惊人的决心有助于激励他的整个国家，也是全世界的灵感来源。 2 Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" 在他担任总理的时期即将结束之际，他被邀请在他的旧学校哈罗向爱国青年发表演讲。校长说：“年轻的先生们，我们这个时代最伟大的演讲者，几天后将到这里向你们讲话，你们应该听从他给你们的任何合理建议。”伟大的一天到来了。温斯顿爵士站了起来，他身高五英尺五英寸，体重107公斤，简短而清晰地说：“年轻人，永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！从不，从不，从不，从不！” 3 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas —none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. 个人历史、教育机会、个人困境——这些都不能抑制致力于成功的坚强精神。没有任务太难。准备的时间不要太长或太难。以我们这个时代最有学术价值的两位科学家为例，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生。双方都面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评。两人都被老师称为“学习慢”，并被他们的老师当作白痴注销。托马斯·爱迪生逃学是因为他的老师因为问太多问题而不断鞭打他。爱因斯坦直到九岁时才说得流利，他是一个很穷的学生，有些人认为他无法学习。然而，两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们每天都和儿子们一起努力工作，孩子们学会了永远不要绕开他们要成功所需的长时间辛勤工作。最后，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都克服了童年时代的迫害，继续取得了有利于当今世界的伟大发现。