2013英语一模—十选九

2013届上海市高三英语一模——十选九

People rarely feel as helpless as they do when attacked by the threat of severe storms. There is nothing that can prevent a hurricane (飓风) or tornado from causing destruction if it reaches a 41 area. History offers numerous examples of storms that have destroyed large numbers of homes and killed many people. But today things are not as 42 as they were in the past. By studying the conditions that cause storms, weather forecasters are better able to predict them and give people in their paths the warning needed in 43 to keep away from tragedy.

A storm is 44 as a sudden, extreme change in the normal conditions of Earth?s atmosphere. Examples include a large flood of moisture (湿气) or a sharp increase in wind speed. These types of 45 are generally caused by a dramatic change in air pressure. In fact, air pressure often affects weather more than any other factors.

Hurricanes are somewhat 46 to tornadoes because both produce atmospheric vortices. Vortices are cone-shaped depression (低气压) of high-speed winds that can cause a large lot of 47 if they touch the ground. When a storm 48 shore, it brings not only fierce winds but also large amounts of ocean water. Storms require moisture to exist, so they quickly 49 over land. As the storm dies, it creates large thunderclouds that can cause heavy rain, thunder, lightning, and flooding. Tornadoes can also form from the breakup of storms and are often one of their most dangerous consequences.

（闸北）

The popularity of the fantasy novels Harry Potter and the great success of the Potter movie series have aroused Potter fans' craze about the author — Joanne Kathleen Rowling.

Rowling started writing after graduating with __41__ . Nonetheless, this was not supposed to be her main job, as she was already working as a secretary. She found her job rather boring and was frequently absent-minded, as she was always taking notes for sudden ideas for future stories. She was fired __42__ and went from one job to another.

Finally, a trip by train __43__ her to produce a story about a young wizard (巫师）born with responsibilities to fight 44 forces. Unfortunately, her idea could not be developed due to her mother's sudden death. Shocked and depressed, Rowling left Britain. When she returned, she was already a __45__ single mother with a little daughter. in spite of all the frustrations in life, she managed to put her __46__ story to the point. Harry Potter was published and became a(n) __47__ in no time. The Potter books have __48__ worldwide applause, won multiple awards, and have been the basis for a popular series of films, in which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts (脚本）and maintained creative control at the same time by __49__ As a producer in the films. It is through Harry Potter that Rowling has led a "rags to riches" reality show, where she progressed from living on social security to multi-millionaire status.

（杨浦）

The most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences. The traditional Chinese culture is established on the Confucian philosophy, while the western culture is based on ancient Greek __41__. Cultural differences exist in almost every aspect and therefore __42__ also on relationships and marriage.

From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship __43__ many aspects such as family, friends and relatives, while from the Western point of view, marriage is a contract signed between two people that is based on trust and love. Furthermore, Westerners? marriages __44__ more the independence and __45__ of the couple.

That is why Westerners sometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to support our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their “face” and “relations”. Even in a relationship, we are somehow still __46__ to our family and relatives. Our partner has to understand it and at least does not __47__ it.

It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Cultural differences may result in __48__. Young Asian ladies are fond of western men because they believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearances are more attractive. Western men may think Chinese ladies are gentler and more feminine.

My suggestion for the cross-culture relationship is always trying to put yourself in other?s shoes: accepting rather than changing; always respecting your partner but clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.

There are more and more cross-culture marriages __49__ recently. I would like to take this chance to sincerely wish them the very best in their love journeys.

（徐汇）

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for a novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland and it aims to ___(41)___ the very best in contemporary fiction. The prize was ___(42)___ called the Booker-McConnell Prize, which was the name of the company that ___(43)___ it, though it was better-known as simply the …Booker Prize?. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping …Booker?. Publishers can submit（提交） books for ___(44)___ for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted they think should be ___(45)___. Firstly, the Advisory Committee give advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize and selects the people who will judge the books. The judging panel（评审团）changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once. Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is ___(46)___ in terms of gender and professions within the industry, so that a writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been ___(47)___, they are left to make their own decisions without any further ___(48)___ orinterference from the prize sponsor.

The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics to maintain the consistent（始终如一的） quality of the prize and its influence is such that the winner will almost certainly see the sales ___(49)___ considerably, in addition to the ￡50,000 that comes with the prize.

（松江）

A stable post in government offices is what thousands of millions of well-educated young people have been DYING for. This year, a total of 1.5 million people __41__ for the national civil servant examination in China, __42__ another impressive record in the number of young people __43__ for government jobs, often with odds of hundreds to one. In the northeastern city of Harbin, for example, 440 openings for drivers, __44__ and cleaners in the municipal public sanitation service drew More than 7,000 __45__ from young people under 30 and almost half of them were college graduates.

The __46__ shift in young people's job preferences in recent years has analysts and educators worried. Many applicants are __47__ to the stability of government jobs in a time of increasing economic uncertainty, but some experts say that young people, __48__ recent college graduates, should be more adventurous and entrepreneurial. They should beware of settling dow n into comfortable government jobs that offer little in __49__ of career progression or personal growth. （青浦）

Attracting donations is a chief concern for nonprofit organizations and projects. An effective, professional donation-request letter is a necessary tool for fund-raising. Researching possible donors and 41 a database of names and organizations is one key to success, but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater impact on successful fund-raising. The following are some tips/instructions.

Research potential donors via the Internet. Research small companies in 42 to large foundations. Sometimes a small local company will assist you in reaching your goal. A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly 43 donation.

Find the appropriate contact person. Address your letter to a real person who is in a position to entitle a donation. Beginning your letter with “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Country Market” stands little 44 of attracting the attention of the right staff member.

And then, 45 the letter properly. Begin your letter with a vivid and readable description of your organization?s work, and highlight a recent success story. Continue with a few general 46 to impress the contact person with your organization?s efficiency and effectiveness. Next, describe in full the 47 project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will benefit. Include all contact information, including telephone, fax and email, and end by inviting the person to contact you if any 48 information is needed. Finally, hand on the letter to colleagues for proofreading and suggestions.

Keep careful records of donations and send thank-you letters. Donors often are willing to 49 again if they are shown how their contribution was put to use. Follow-up letters can assist in this effort.

（普陀）

There are more than almost two million cars on the streets of Shanghai. That?s not a big number _41_ to the city?s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue that it?s not the number of cars on the road, but the _42_ of the drivers that is the main cause of concern.

According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operated machinery more _43_ than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when they should drive slow, _44_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _45_ drivers mistook the gas pedal for the brake (刹车)pedal.

There are new regulations _46_ at making it more difficult for people to get a driver?s license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai?s traffic problems. What is really needed is a _47_ in drivers? attitudes. There seems to be a lack o f concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _48_ pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections.

A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _49_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghai?s streets can become truly safe.

Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression that nurses are there to wait on the position. As nurses, we are licensed to provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral obligation to any physician. We provide health teaching, __41__ physical as well as emotional problems, coordinate patient-related services and make all of our nursing decisions based upon what is best or suitable for the patient. If, in any circumstance, we feel that the physician?s order is __42__ or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility to __43__that order or refuse to carry it out. Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that before they enter the __44__. The emotional and physical stress, however, which __45__ due to hard working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the career __46__. It is sometimes required that we work overtime and that we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives, disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, and isolates us from everything except __47__ friends and activities. The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates as experienced nurses finally give up trying to change the system. Consumers of medically-related services have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand __48__ in our medical system. But if __49__ continue as predicted, they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new, inexperienced and sometimes inadequately-trained nurses.

（闵行）

The next generation may lose the opportunity to swim over coral reefs (珊瑚礁) or eat certain spec ies of fish, scientists have warn ed, as the world?s oceans move into a stage of widespread extinction because of human 41 such as overfishing and climate change.

A report from an international group of marine experts said that the condition of the world?s seas was worsening more quickly than had been 42 . The scientists, who gathered at Oxford University, warned that we would 43 the whole ecosystems, such as coral reefs in a generation. Already the number of fish is dropping, leading to risk of rising food prices and even starvation in some parts of the world.

The experts 44 the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for pushing up ocean temperature, the increased algae (海藻) concentration in the water, which made the water have less oxygen. The conditions are 45 to every previous mass extinction event in the Earth?s history. Dr Alex Rogers, scientific director of the International Programme on the State of the Ocean said the next generation would suffer if species are allowed to go 46 . “As we considered the cumulative (积累的) effect of what humankind had done to the ocean were far worse than we had individually realized,” he said. “This is a very serious situation 47

quick and effective action at every level. We are looking at 48 for humankind that will influence i n our lifetime and, worse, our children?s and generations beyond that.”

The marine scientists called for a range of urgent 49 to cut carbon emissions (排放),reduce overfishing, create protected areas in the seas and cut pollution.

（静安）

A. campaign

B. noted

C. focus

D. careful

E. released

F. fall

G. trend

H. dead

I. major

J. extended

WASHINGTON (Reuters) — The U.S. unemployment rate probably rose in October as employers stepped up hiring only slightly, underscoring President Barack Obama?s vulnerabi lity in next week?s presidential election.Employers likely added 125,000 jobs to their payrolls last month, according to a Reuters survey of economists. That would be up from 114,000 in September, but would 41 short of what is needed to quickly cut the jobless rate.

Indeed, economists expect the unemployment rate — a key 42 in the neck-and-neck race for the White House ——to tick up by a tenth of a percentage point to 7.9 percent, reversing part of a surprise drop seen in September.

The Labor Department's closely watched report, which will be 43 at 8:30 a.m. (12:30 GMT) on Friday, will be the last 44 report card on the economy before Tuesday's presidential election, which pits (使竞争）President Obama against Republican Mitt Romney.

If economists are right, it will show the eighth straight month of dull job growth, a worrisome 45 that would likely reinforce the Federal Reserve's resolve to keep easy money policies in place until the economy shows more vigor.

"The weakness in overall economic growth momentum has 46 into the last quarter of

the year," said Millan Mulraine, an economist at TD Securities in New York.

Romney has made the nation's feeble jobs market, which has caused Obama a lot of trouble since he took office in 2009, the centerpiece of his 47 . The last Reuters/Ipsos daily tracking poll showed Obama and Romney in a 48 heat.

Still, the report could provide fodder for both candidates. Some economists have 49 an increase in the jobless rate might have a silver lining if it is driven by Americans pouring into the labor market to restart job hunts.

Seventeen years ago, when I was in military college, I was known as "the worrying wreck from Virginia Tech". I worried so 41 that I often became ill. In __42__ , I poured out my troubles to Professor Baird, professor of business administration. The fifteen minutes that I spent with Professor Baird did more for my health and happiness than all the rest of the four years i spent in college. “Jim,” he said, "you ought to sit down and face the facts. If you __43__ half as much time and energy to solving your problems as you do to worrying about them, you wouldn't have any worries.”

I figured that i had failed physics because I had no interest in the subject. But now I changed my attitude. I said to myself: “If the college __44__ demand that I pass my physics examination before I obtain a degree, who am i to question their w isdom?”

So I __45__ for physics again. This time I passed because instead of wasting my time in worrying about how hard it was, i studied __46__ .

I solved my __47__ worries by taking on some additional jobs, such as selling punch at the college dances, and by borrowing money from my father, which i paid back soon after __48__ .

As I look back at it now, I can see that My problem was one of __49__ , a lack of willingness to find the causes of my worry and face them realistically.

Some people cannot imagine starting the day without a cup of coffee. From the most __41__ cafes of Paris to the breakfast stands lining the streets of Taipei, coffee has firmly __42__ itself as one of the world?s favourite beverages. For such a well-loved drink, however, few people are aware of its curious origins.

As a legend goes, coffee berries were first __43__ in 850 by an Ethiopian goat herder who noticed his goats were much livelier after having eaten the red berries of a local bush. After __44__ the berries himself, the goat herder felt much more __45__ than usual. The news about the wonderful berry was __46__ quickly, and soon monks were looking on it as an elixir（仙丹妙药）and eating it to help stay awake during evening prayers.

Although coffee __47__ on the plateaus of Ethiopia, it was the Arabs who first cultivated it around 1100. They were also the first people to roast it and boil it. By 1475, people in Constantinople were __48__ a cup of coffee in the world?s first coffee shop. Coffee spread to Europe around 1600 and to the New World seven years later.

These days, it seems you can get a cup of coffee just about everywhere you go. Every year, coffee lovers __49__ more than 400 billion cups of coffee and make it one of the world?s biggest commodities—second only to oil.

（嘉定）

Parapsychologists (灵学专家), who lend a certain seriousness to the subject, have 41 four types of ESP: One type called clairvoyance describes the act of being able to obtain knowledge of a person or event without the use of the normal senses; Another type, telepathy, is the 42 by which a person is able to read another person?s thoughts without the use of any of the normal senses; Still another type, psychogenesis, is the ability to43 a physical object just by thinking about it; The last type, precognition, is the term applied when somebody is able to foresee44 events.

Over the years there have been many ESP experiments conducted by serious scientists in serious institutions. Joseph Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published a famous book in 1934 called " Extra-Sensory Perception" in which he claimed to have overwhelming（压倒的）evidence of ESP. However, other scientists have been unable to repeat his results exactly in the same way, which has resulted in the book45 much of its original reliability.

The Granzfield experiments are considered to have been the most 46 examined ESP experiments. The experimenters had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a "sender" attempted to transmit messages. Later the experimenters would compare the messages received to the 47 messages sent out. There was a great deal of excitement and interest at the time but the research failed to produce 48 results.

Human beings are 49 to the supernatural phenomena. ESP will always continue to fascinate human beings. Some of the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations who are starting to ask the same questions and to look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Who knows? One day we might just find these answers because one thing is certain, “The truth is out there!"

The secret of success is that there is no secret. Some people succeed because they are just

__41__ than other people. Some people succeed because they just work harder than other people. And some people succeed because they are just plain lucky.

Ma Donghan is a student at Tsinghua University who is __42__ to be successfu l and she?s

not going to leave it to luck. Ma is obviously smart because she?s a student at the best university in China, but her plan for success is __43__ on the old fashion value of hard work. You can see that

by the weekly schedule she?s set up for her self which was recently posted online.

Every hour of every day is accounted for. There is her classroom __44__, of course, but then blocks of time are set aside for __45__ each subject and also for a few activities like playing sports. There are no hours set aside for just relaxing and there are only five hours allotted (分配) each night for sleeping. She has set a very __46__, almost punishing schedule for herself, but it seems to be working.

Other students __47__ at Ma?s diligence and discipline but doubt that they could achieve the same level of success. Perhaps not, but Ma is obviously a unique and special __48__. She has set high goals, made a plan to achieve those goals, and worked hard to keep to her plan. This is what other students can learn from Ma. In school, as in life, __49__ is never guaranteed and not everyone will find him or herself at the top of the pyramid. The important thing to remember is that having a plan and working hard to stay with the plan will bring you a level of success that just being smart and lucky cannot.

They may be so small that they can crawl along the edge of a coin, but the endangered status of the Partula gibba snails means soon they may not be visible at all.

The critically endangered snail, which is __41__ bigger than a pin head at birth, is facing __42__ after a failed farming experiment almost wiped out its number in its native Pacific islands. When the predatory (食肉的）rosy wolf-snail from Florida was __43__ to the islands in 1974 in an attempt to control land snail numbers, it instead fed on tree snails, including the tiny Partula gibba ones.

Now British conservationists are battling to save the tiny creature. Marwell Zoo in Hampshire, England is home to 123 of the world's remaining 306 Partula gibba snails.

This year, the zoo will release some of the snails into reserves on the Pacific islands. The snails will then be closely __44__ until they are released into the wild to look after themselves.

Snail keeper Geoff Read at Marwell Zoo is deeply __45__ about the fate of the snails. "i'm looking at a(n) __46__ dying in front of me and to think these snails could become extinct in my lifetime is __47__ sad," he said.

"I know they are only snails, and i hate to say that, BUT because they are not cute (可爱的）and fluffy (毛茸茸的)，people do not seem to care. These animals are rare." added the keeper, who called for responsibility to be taken "very __48__. ”

But there seems to be some good news. The International Partula Conservation programme has plans to reintroduce the snails into the wild, so there could be hope for the future. "There home there is like a bio-security room and the environment is key to their

__49__ ."

（宝山）

study finds that accidents involving walkers 41 the devices have increased three times in recent years. Researchers combed several sources to find incidents in the U.S. of crashes 42 walkers and vehicles from 2004 to 2011. Searching the National Injury Surveillance System, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Google News archives and Westlaw Campus Research, they found 116 cases of death or injury involving walkers wearing headphones. Cases in which people were using mobile phones (including hands-free devices) were not included.

Over the years the number of cases increased, from 16 in 2004 and 2005 to 47 in 2010 and 2011. The victims?average age was 21, and most (68 percent) were male. The 43 ( 67percent ) were under the age of 30. Most (55 percent) were hit by trains, and 70 percent of the crashes, most of which were in urban areas, were 44 .

In 74 percent of the cases, police or eyewitness reports said the walker had headphones on when hit. And 29 percent of reports made mention of horns or warning bells going off before the crash.

The study authors pointed to two likely causes that may be a factor in what they call “the possible 45 between headphone use and walker injury”: sensory deprivation（感官剥夺）and 46 . The latter is more 47 called “inattentional blindness,”referring to the use of electronic devices and how they decrease attention to things going on around us.

Hearing what?s going on in the environment, they point out, could be more important than 48 clues for walkers. But the authors add that this study doesn?t show cause or relationship of headphone use and walker risk, and other factors could have been involved in the accidents, such as walkers being intoxicated（陶醉）or drivers being at fault.More comprehensive information on such accidents is 49 , the researchers said, to see which groups of people may be most at risk.

41~45 E B A H C 46~49 F I D J

奉贤41?45 DJGFB 46?49 AEIH

黄葡41—45 HCJBA 46—49 DEGF

金山41-49 FAIBE CGJD闵行41~45 FBIAH 46~49 GCJD

扑拖41-----49 FHABICEJD

青浦Section B 41～49 C E A D J B H I F

松江41?45 EIBHF 46?49 JCDA

许汇41. H 42. B 43. E 44. A 45. J 46. G 47. D 48. C 49. F 长拧41~45 IHAFJ 46~49 BCGD

扎北41?45 IAJFB 46?49 DEHC

洋扑41~45 ICJAE 46~49 FHBG

扑动41~49. GABIJ HFDE

静安41?45 FCEIG 46?49 JAHB

嘉定41---49 D J B E A I C H G

红口1-49: J D A B H FICG