英语考试内容

听力

Unit 1

One World One Minute is a unique film project that invites participants in every country around the globe to record simultaneously one minute of their lives, one minute of our world.Sponsors of this project have chosen 12:48 GMT,September 11th, 2002 as the one minute to record. At that moment exactly a year earlier began the terrorist attacks that led to the deaths of more than 2,000 people from over 60 countries. For many this will be a time of remembrance and reflection. And for others this will be an appropriate time for international communication, cooperation and sharing. This is the idea behind the project One World One Minute.

Participants are free to choose what and how to record their One Minute. Some may want to take photographs, some paint or draw pictures, while others may want to write something and record their readings. The material can be submitted to the project organizers in Scotland via e-mail or post within 6 weeks of September 11th. All the material will then be made into a feature-length film, which will capture that One Minute of our existence.

The film will explore the rich diversity that is both humanity and our world. It will allow a voice to all people regardless of nationality, religion, race, political viewpoint, gender or age. The rich diversity that is Humanity shall be there for all to see.

Participants will not only be kept informed of the progress of the film and the release process but will be invited to actively participate through newsletters and discussion forums.

When the film is finished, it will be shown in every country of the world, both in cinemas and on TV. Contributors will be invited to attend the first public performance of the film in their respective countries and will receive a full screen credit on the finished production.

Unit 9

Old age in the United States presents many problems and opportunities. As a result of improved medical services,people live longer than they used to. This increase in longevity creates a wide range of social needs. The medical specialty of gerontology has opened up new research areas and careers related to the elderly.

Because of changes in the family structure from extended to nuclear,the elderly have to create existences apart from basically small family units. This situation is complicated by the fact that many of their friends may have died and their children may have moved away.

The elderly must set up a new life. Often, the elderly must rely on a fixed income—Social Security and pensions —and gradually diminished savings. While some live with their children, many more live by themselves,with a friend or in a nursing home.

However, the increasing proportion of elderly people in society has given them a new political power. They have formed organizations to voice their own needs and concerns to local,state and federal agencies. Lobbying for such issues as increased Social Security benefits, better health care, income tax benefits and rent controls has brought to the public an increased awareness of the determination of the elderly to assert their ability to deal effectively with their own lives.

Test1

Health experts have warned for many years that cigarette smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other medical problems. But smokers still find it extremely difficult to stop .The American Cancer Society decided to do something to help them kick this bad habit.

Every year the group organizes a national non-smoking day in an attempt to get smoker to quit smoking. The organization is asking all smokers to stop smoking at least for 24 hours.They hope this will eventually enable many people to permanently kill the habit.

The cancer society officers will give telephone callers advice on how to stop smoking. Smokers also can call a special telephone number to hear recorded messages by doctors.

Some businesses will offer their workers candy or chewing gum to help them fight down the crave for smoking. Some companies are offering special gifts and low prizes to people who sign an agreement to stop smoking. And Americans who do not smoke are being asked to help just one person quit smoking during the 24-hour campaign.

Test 2

Public opinion polls are regularly conducted and published in many countries. They measure not only support for political parties but also public opinion on a wide range of social and political issues. They are frequently published in major newspapers and are generally accepted as useful tools by businesses, political organizations, the mass media and government, and academic research groups. Hundreds of public polling firms operate around the world. The Gallup Poll and Harris Poll are among the best known in the US.

In business, polls are used to test consumers' preferences and to discover what gives a product its appeal. Responses to commercial polls help businesses in planning marketing and advertising strategies and in making changes in a product to increase its sales.

In politics, polls are used to obtain information about voters' attitudes toward issues and candidates, to put forward candidates with winning potential, and to plan campaigns. Polling organizations have also been successful in predicting the outcome of elections. By polling voters on Election Day, it is often possible to determine the probable winner even before the voting booths close.

Newspapers, magazines, radio and television are heavy users of public opinion polling information, especially political information that helps to predict election results or measure the popularity of government officials and candidates. The public's attitude toward various social, economic, and international issues is also considered newsworthy.

翻译

Unit1

1.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。

Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.

2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍他的雇主,并最终递交了辞职书的原因。

His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.

3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这么说。

His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.

4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀.霍夫曼(Dustin Hoffman) 尽管身材矮小(short stature)，还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。

Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.

Unit2

1.他瞪眼看着约翰，对他拒绝合作感到恼怒。

He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.

2.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们的感激之情。

John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty.

3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经积蓄了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明。

He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.

4.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也不过分。他们以各种方式吸引住了所有的游客。

The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught all the visitors fancy in one way or another.

Unit3

1.汤姆因一问题而心神不宁但又一筹莫展，直到他学会以不同的策略把它解决才不心烦。

Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.

2.横向思维帮助他提出了原来似乎已走进死胡同的新理论。

Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.

3.我们最新的建设计划的框架已获得地方政府的批准。它是否会按时实施对这座沿海城市的发展具有极为重大的意义。

The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.

4.在设法寻找一个解决问题的办法的过程中，爱德华在思想上陷入了僵局，但后来他改变了观察角度，以一种完全意想不到的方式解决了问题。

While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.

Unit5

1.正如你可以想像到的，阅读为我打开了一个新的天地并永远改变了我的人生道路。

As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and changed forever the course of my life.

2.他从童年起就对书籍表现出一种非常强烈的兴趣。他对书籍如此迷恋，以致从不让一天过去而不进行一些阅读。

He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since childhood. So fascinated with books was he that he never let a day pass without doing some reading.

3.他每次乘地铁上下班身边都有一本想读的书。他就这样在过去三年中读了近一百本书。

Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with him a book that he wants to read. That is the way he has read nearly a hundred books in the past three years.

4.他读中学时常在自己的房间里读书至深夜。每次听到母亲走近的脚步声，他便关掉灯假装睡着。而母亲一走过去，他便打开灯，重又读起来。

When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night in his own room. Each time he heard the approaching footsteps of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep. But as soon as his mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.

Unit6

1.他生来就有残疾，但他从不沮丧，也从未屈服于任何困难。

He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give in to any difficulty.

2.汤姆一直坚决要求提升。当机会出现时，他立即抓住了。

Tom had been holding out for a promotion. When the opportunity showed up, he grabbed it at once.

3.他对所有的标准化考试都不信任并认为应该有某种更好的东西来取代它们。

He distrusts all standardized tests and believes that there should be something better to substitute for them.

4.我的论点是，我们应当马上对这些有争议的问题逐个进行调查。

My thesis is that we should carry out a survey of these controversial issues one by one right now.

Unit7

1.随着长大，我渐渐接受了这一事实: 我永远不会实现成为一名作家的梦想。

As I grew up, I made my peace with the fact that I would never fulfil my dream of becoming a writer.

2.迈克尔想了两天还没填出字谜游戏(word puzzle)里那个至关重要的词，最后只好失望地放弃。

Michael had got stuck trying to figure out the word essential to the word puzzle for two days before he threw up his hands in frustration.

3.当这位歌手发现市面上有自己作品的盗版(pirated edition)时，他十分震惊，发誓决不放过那盗贼。

The singer was taken aback by the pirated editions of his songs on the market, and he vowed not to let the thiefs off.

4.感谢您购买我们的锅炉(furnace)。作为回报，我们将免费为您处理旧锅炉。

Thank you for purchasing our furnace. In return we will get rid of your old one for free.

Vocabulary

Unit1

1.I’m just coming around to have a friendly chat（闲谈）with you. How are you doing?

2.When you’re writing a paper, you must acknowledge（承认）the sources of the statements you have quoted to

support your argument.

3.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People who want to make things better can do

so if only they are strongly motivated.（积极性高的）

4.The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound way is recognized as a characteristic（特

点）of Emily Dickinson’s poetry.

5.Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of The Declaration of Independence despite（尽

管）his personal sorrow and trouble.

6.As the most influential（有影响力的）US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a legacy which still deeply affects

the country today.

7.Madame Curie is often cited（举例）as an example of a great scientist who would never yielded to hardships

in her quest for knowledge.

8.As I see it, laziness is the biggest obstacle（障碍）to person’s success.

9.Curiosity is the best teacher. If information of no intrinsic（固有的）interest is crammed into students’

heads, no effective learning can be achieved.

10.What are your criteria（标准）for selecting the greatest literary works of the 20th century?

11.It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any interest turns into an obsession（痴

迷）it can be worrisome to parents.

12.Before they go to school, children manage to progress from newborns with only innate（天生的）abilities to

children with an enormous amount of knowledge about the world they live in.

13.Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique contribution(s)（贡献）to the cause of caring for the

sick and dying.

14.Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s contemporary, （同时代的人）got involved in politics by suggesting the

government develop its own nuclear weapons program.

15.For the inclusion of your record in the Guinness Book of World Records, an application must be submitted（提

交）to the publication headquarters in London.

16.History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic (有魅力的) person must be called to leadership

so as to raise the nation’s morale.（士气)

Unit2

1.The author’s son was studying medicine at McGill University with the intention（意图目的）of becoming a

surgeon.

2.I took her criticism as a sincere（真诚的）desire to see improvement in my work.

3.They didn’t fight, but stood there glaring（瞪着眼看）at one another.

4.Don’t get sore（愤怒的）at me because you got low marks in your exams.

5.Though the poem is well-known, no one has yet been able to trace（查出找到）its author.

6.The new club strives to educate its members to render（给予提供）service to the community.

7.Mary likes to go dancing on weekends because she does not believe that the denial（否认否定）of pleasure is

a virtue.

8.People place stamps on letters or packages as proof（证据）that they have paid for mailing these items.

9.The mayor praised the Lei Feng Spirit that could be found everywhere in the city and paid particular tribute

（称赞礼物）to youngsters who helped the elderly.

10.These disks hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional（惯常的通常的）floppy disk (软

磁盘).

11.Though he didn’t have much to give, he was generous（大方的）with his money.

12.Father’s Day is a day on which the people of many countries express their gratitude（感激）and appreciation

for their fathers by giving them gifts or greeting cards.

13.She slammed（猛然关上）on the brakes and the car came to a sudden stop.

14.You might be more successful in your job if you would take the trouble to make yourself more agreeable（愉

悦的）to your colleagues (同事) as well as your employer.

Unit3

1.Generally speaking, tactics战术策略covers what you need to do at the moment while strategy provides the broad

guidelines that determine the overall direction.

2.My family’s health and security are of the utmost极度的极高的importance to me.

3.If one of those stays（支柱）gives way, the entire structure结构may collapse.

4.Unlike a tightrope, a slack不紧的will sway up and down or from side to side.

5.The president wanted to see him on a matter of great significance.意义重要性

6.Two foreign tourists died ad two soldiers were badly hurt yesterday when a coach and an Army truck collided

almost head-on正面的along a straight stretch of road.

7.We tried all sorts of solutions to that problem, and they all came to a dead end.僵局

8.The blow on his head erased抹去the details of the accident from his memory.

9.We usually judge others within the framework准则框架of our own experience.

10.By the time the lifeboat arrived, the ship was almost vertical垂直的in the water. The wounded soldier is sitting

in the vertical position, upright in bed.

11.The music ceased终止停止suddenly when she turned off the radio.

12.By pointing out just one flaw,缺点 she destroyed his entire argument.

13.The music implies意味suddenly when she turned off the radio.

14.He affirmed断言肯定his plan to make payments on time.

Unit5

1.The first artificial intelligence (人工智能) conference in 1956 inspired researchers to undertake projects

that emulated模仿human behavior in areas of reasoning, language comprehension, and communications.

2.In 1979 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may require the consent（同意，许可） of one parent of a minor

(未成年者) requesting要求an abortion.

3.By 1951 industrial production had exceeded prewar peaks; it continued to rise in the succeeding接下来的years.

4.That park contains miniature微缩reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Wall and the Summer

Palace.

5.According to our professor, unemployment is an inevitable间隔consequence of free market economics.

6.There are nearly 2,900 radio stations associated with ABC, as well as a sizable极大的 publishing group.

7.Don’t worry. The danger from these s nakes is practically实际上地nothing.

8. A crowd of people gathered, outraged生气by the way the police officers were hitting the two men.

9.Psychological drug dependency is characterized by a craving渴望for the drug and belief that one cannot function

without taking it.

10.The bomb was designed to cause the maximum最大量amount of harm to the maximum number of people.

11.Although breast cancer primarily afflicts折磨females, about 1,400 male breast cancers were also reported in

the United States in 1997.

12.Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on sheer ignorance无知and prejudice.

13.When he stood up from his seat, he suddenly felt an intense强烈的pain in the lower part of his back.

14.We see each other at regular intervals—usually once a week.不可避免的

15.I read a very interesting biography of Marx’s last week, which is based on his correspondence通信with Engels

over 40 years.

Unit6

1.Official U.S. statistics on employment and unemployment are derived from a monthly sample survey调查of

households.

2.For a solid or liquid fuel to ignite,点燃 some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature at which

it turns to gas.

3.He keeps his savings under his pillow because he distrusts不信任banks.

4.The writer’s thesis论点is that all human problems can be solved by logic.

5.Since the early 1900’s, pron unciation in the United States has becomes more standardized标准化because people

throughout the country have become more and more exposed to each other’s speech patterns.

6.I am not jealous of her good fortune, 财富运气but I do feel she should share it with others.

7.Zoologists observe the ways animals interact相互作用with one another and their environment.

8.People spend a lot of their Hard-earned辛辛苦苦挣来的money on holidays and of course they want to get good

professional service.

9.She felt frustrated使沮丧when she didn’t ge t a promotion after all these years of hard work.

10.She grabbed抓for her gun when she heard the shots down the street.

11.I suggest that you keep the flashlight handy便于使用的in case the fuse (保险丝) blows again.

12.The secretaries’ report provided the leaders with the necessary numerical information.数字的

13.Mary and her brothers were all very happy because their father approved赞成批准their plans for the summer.

14.The issue of the death penalty is highly controversial有争议的in some western countries.

15.He has abstract抽象的ideas about what to do, but no specific plans or proposals.

Unit7

1.Johnny is only 15 but actually he has outgrown长得比、、快his mother by five inches.

2.Cockroaches (蟑螂) have earned a bad reputation because they feed on garbage.垃圾

3.Arab Americans have tended to identify认同more strongly with their Muslim heritage.

4.I have moments of despair, but fundamentally I am an optimist.乐观主义者

5.She hesitated for a fraction分数of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.

6.Thanks to the Internet, data can now be transferred转移easily from one computer to another.

7.Drums can be used to convey messages over distances beyond the human voice’s reach.

8.Technological advances are the chief agents of change.代理人

9.In 1894 bottling machines were installed安装in a Mississippi factory and the first bottled Coke was produced.

10.There are laws to specify (指定) the person(s) who will obtain a dead person’s estate财产房地产if no will

exists.

Reding aloud

Unit 1

If great achievers share angthing, said Simonton. it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal." he explained." But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is

built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."

He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said," we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end… we shall never surrender."

Unit 2

Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome, A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital, came back to thank his nurse." I didn't come back sooner," he explained," because I imagined you must be bored to death with people thanking you."

"On the contrary," she replied," I am delighted you came. Few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it."

Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.

Unit 3

The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, "When the going gets tough, the tough get going," is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight. Dr. de Bono calls this vertical thinking; the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the steps is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over.

Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about things—a technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.

Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solved a problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. The key is making that vital shift in emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of attacking it head-on.

Dr. A. A. Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and in private practice in New York, explains how lateral thinking works with his patients. "Many people come to me wanting to stop smoking, for instance," he says. "Most people fail when they are trying to stop smoking because they wind up telling themselves, 'No, I will not smoke; no, 1 shall not smoke; no, I will not; no, I cannot...' It's a fight and what happens is you end up smoking more.

"So instead of looking at the problem from the old ways of no, and fighting it, I show them a whole new point of view—that you are your body's keeper, and your body is something through which you experience life. If you stop to think about it, there's really something helpless about your body. It can do nothing for itself. It has no choice, it is like a baby's body. You begin then a whole new way of looking at it—‘I am now going to take care of myself, and give myself some respect and protection, by not smoking.' “

Unit 5

I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. I knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. I certainly wasn't seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. My homemade education gave me, with every additional book that I read, a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness, dumbness, and blindness that was afflicting the black race in America. Not long ago, an English writer telephoned me from London, asking questions. One was, "What's your alma mater?" I told him, "Books." You will never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which I'm not studying something I feel might be able to help the black man...

Unit 6

EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot of both, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other; how one's ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.

Unit 7

As a child, I identified so strongly with my mother that I thought my father was just a long-term house guest with spanking privileges. She and I are bookish, introverted worriers. My father is an optimist who has never had a sleepless night in his life.

Like most fathers and sons, we fought. But there was no cooling-off period between rounds. It was a cold war lasting from the onset of my adolescence until I went off to college in 1973.I hated him. He was a former navy fighter pilot, with an Irish temper and a belief that all the problems of the world—including an overprotected son who never saw anything through to completion—could be cured by the application of more discipline.