Book 1 Unit 5语言点复习复习课程

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期中复习之Book 1 Unit 5 语言点汇编

1. mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的

be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄be mean to do sth. 不愿做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事be meant for 注定要成为

例句：I’m terribly sorry, but I didn’t mean to upset your plan.

He is never meant for a lawyer.

2. devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的

be devoted to 忠诚于；致力于devote…to…把…用于devote oneself to 献身于

例句：Generally speaking, parents are devoted to their children.

Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely to science.

I don’t think we should devote any more time to persuading such a stubborn man to change his mind.

3. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.

vote v./n. 投票；选举；表决；选举权

vote for/against 投票支持/反对vote on sth. 投票表决vote to do sth. 表决做某事

例句：They voted to accept the present.

We’ll have to vote on the problem.

4. …only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

“only + 状语（副词/介词短语）”或“only + 状语从句”放在句首表示强调时，后面的句子或主句要用部分倒装，即把句子的情态动词、助动词或连系动词be提到主语前面。

例句：Only in this way can we calm the little girl down.

Only then did I recognize him.

Only when he told me did I know details of his trip.

【误区警示】only修饰主语时不用倒装：Only you can persuade him not to smoke.

5. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?

turn to求助于；致力于；翻到；转身；转向

turn up 出现，到场，调高；turn over 翻转；转身turn down 拒绝；调低

turn in 上交turn out (to be + adj.) 结果是，证明是

例句：She turns her efforts to writing a book.

Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.

Students turned in their homework as usual.

equal adj. 相等的；平等的；v. 比得上；n. 对手；equality n. 平等

be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任be equal in 在…方面相等

equal sb. in 在…方面比得上某人have no equal in 在…方面无人可比

例句：I’m sure Barbara is quite equal to the task.

Are men and women equal in physical strength?

He has no equal in music.

6. The scientist from whom the government heard the bad news never lose heart when he was in trouble.

lose heart丧失勇气或信心

lose one’s heart to = fall in love with 爱上

lose one’s temper 发脾气lose one’s sight 失明lose one’s way 迷路

lose weight 减肥

7. It was a prison from which no one escaped.

escape v./n.逃跑；泄露；被忘掉

escape from sb./sth. 逃离…escape (doing) sth. 逃脱（做）某事

fire escape 消防通道have a narrow escape 九死一生

例句：Look out! Gas escaped from the pipe.

No one can escape punishment/being punished if he breaks the law.

His phone number escaped me.

8. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.

beg vt./vi.乞讨；恳求；beggar n. 乞丐

beg sb. for sth. 向某人乞求某物beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事

beg to do sth. 恳求/请求做某事

例句：The little girl begged to be given a second chance.

The thief felt frightened and nervous; he begged the judge to set him free.

9. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.

reward n./vt.报酬；奖金；奖赏

in reward 作为报答in reward for = in return for 作为对…的报答

as a reward for 作为对…的报酬/奖赏

reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬谢某人reward sb. for doing sth. 因为做某事而酬谢某人

例句：He received a medal in reward for his bravery.

He gave the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.

The company rewarded him with a journey to China last year.

【辨析】reward, prize与award

reward作名词时表示因做某事而获得的回报，酬金，可指钱或物；作动词时表示“报答”prize作名词时表示“获几等奖或获奖金额”，作动词时表示“珍视，珍藏”（不常见）award作名词时表示由评委经考虑颁发的荣誉方面的“奖”；作动词时表示“授予，颁发”

10. sentenced to five year s’ hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws sentence v./n.判决；宣判（常与to连用）

be sentenced to death 被判处死刑sentence sb. to prison for life 判处终身监禁

heavy/light sentence 重/轻刑serve a sentence 服刑life/dead sentence 无期徒刑/死刑

例句：The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.

The official was sentenced to six years in prison because of a terrible accident in the coal mine.

人教版选修《语言文字运用》第一课《四方异声-----普通话和方言》教案

教学流程一、课堂导入先出示方言，请学生说说能否看懂，再出示普通话。某县推广普通话，大会上—— （1）县长讲完以后，主持人说：“咸菜请香肠酱瓜！” ——主持人说：“现在请乡长讲话！” （2）乡长说：“兔子们，虾米们，猪尾巴！不要酱瓜，咸菜太贵啦！” ——乡长说：“同志们，乡民们，注意吧！不要讲话，现在开会啦！” （3）乡长接着说：“不要酱瓜，我捡个狗屎给你们舔舔……” ——乡长说：“不要讲话，我讲个故事给你们听听……” （4）乡长说：“兔子们，今天的饭狗吃了，大家都是大王八！” ——乡长说：“同志们，今天的饭够吃了，大家都使大碗吧！” 从这个故事中我们可知，各地方言千奇百怪，因为方言误会，造成沟通有障碍，甚至闹出笑话，所以要有通用的语言，普通话也就应运而生。二、普通话和方言 1、普通话明确：普通话是“以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范”的现代汉民族共同语，这是在1955年的全国文字改革会议和现代汉语规范问题学术会议上确定的。（1）为什么以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言？——北京近千年来一直是我国政治和文化的中心，所以以北京话为代表的北方方言在全国影响最大。

（2）普通话和各种方言是什么关系？——是弟兄姐妹的关系，但普通话又是一种权威语言，在我国受到法律保护的，连《宪法》都有规定。2001颁布《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》。虽然普通话成为现代汉民族的共同语，但是，各地人们的日常生活还是保留自己原有的方言，有的地方甚至是“五里不同调，十里不同音”。 2、方言（1）什么是方言？-----方言是指同一种语言在不同地域的分支，或者说是一种语言的地域变体。汉语就是一种有许多方言的语言。（2）根据方言在语音、词汇、语法上的一些重要差异，现代汉语分成几大方言？明确：即北方方言、吴方言、湘方言、赣方言、客家方言、粤方言、闽方言。（北方方言：又叫官话方言，使用人口最多，分布地域最广，占汉语地区的四分之三，使用人口占百分之七十以上。客家方言：唯一不以地域而以人群命名的方言。）（3）请学生看方言地图，分别找出各个方言区。我们每个人都有自己的家乡，当然也就有自己的方言。 3、陕西方言（1）概述陕西是中华民族古代文化的发祥地之一。相传汉字为“文字始祖”仓颉(jie)所创造。仓颉是陕西宝鸡人，出生于五帝时代，距今已有4000多年历史了。陕西方言得天独厚，博大精深，从这些方言中我们既可以窥视到古老的华夏文化的发展轨迹，又可领略到今天溢于言表的真情实感。由于陕西地理特点是东西狭、南北长，各地方言土语大不相同，甚至同一句话，因咬音轻重语速缓急不同而内容涵义不同。陕西话属于中原官话，为其的一个分支，代表方言为西安方言。又分为关中话、陕北话和陕南话。 ①关中方言关中方言东府话包括西安市、铜川市、咸阳市、渭南市、商洛市及下属商县—洛南—丹凤—山阳、陕北的宜川—黄龙—洛川—宜君—黄陵—富县、甘肃宁县。关中方言西府话包括宝鸡市。关中方言区乃炎帝故地，所以后来母系同为炎帝属的周语与夏语近似，又由于地理相近，沟通频繁，所以关中方言与河南方言同属中原官话。 ②陕南方言陕南话大部属于巴蜀方言（西南官话）。陕南的方言非常有地域特色。陕南地处川、陕、鄂、豫交界之处。先民迁入来源甚广。加之历史上交通闭塞往来较少、行政权力鞭长莫及，居民活动范围地域狭窄，遂造成了今天的陕南方言。杂，是陕南方言的首要特色。仅就安康地区而言，那里的地方话有接近四川口音的，有接近湖北口音的，甚至还有接近湖南口音的。有时一个村与周围邻村口音截然不同。 ③陕北方言陕北话属于秦晋方言。受山西影响比较大，也加入了一些蒙语，至今保留了一些入声。（2）关中方言——中国最古老的语言过去不曾知道，陕西农村人说的关中方言，是中国最古老的语言。还以为农民说的话，比较土气，生冷硬噌，难登大雅之堂。而实际上，在古代它是中国的官话，被称为雅言，《诗经》《唐诗》要用古代的官话，也就是现在的关中方言来读，才算是标准读音。伍永尚是一位研究陕西方言的专家。他举例说，只有用陕西话才能读通唐诗，读出韵味。 ★白居易著名的《卖炭翁》：“卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。”其中的“色”如果按普通话发“se”音，没法押韵，按陕西话发sěi音，才能和“黑”押韵。

高一英语新课标必修2unit1知识点共11页

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