2011-2012(2)英国文学选读教学大纲
武昌理工学院
2011-2012学年第二学期教学大纲
学院文法与外语学院
系室英语系
专业英语
科目英国文学名著选读
负责人谭宗燕
《英国文学名著选读》教学大纲
课程名称：《英国文学名著选读》
英文名称：History and Anthology of British Literature
学分：2学分
总学时：36学时
适用专业：英语1001-1002
先修课程：《综合英语》（1,2,3,4册）
一、课程性质、教学任务
课程类别：专业通用课
课程性质：专业选修课
本课程的教学对象是高等学校英语专业（四年制）三年级学生。他们已基本掌握和具备了英语语言文学的听、说、读、写、译的基本技能和基本的文学理论和文学常识。在此条件下，引导学生发掘文学史演变的规律和文学与其它学科的内在联系。
传授英国文学的基础知识，发掘英国文学演变的基本规律，树立正确阅读英国文学方式方法。通过系统、全面的讲授和剖析，训练学生正确阅读和思考、鉴赏的能力，培养学生运用事实检验理论的才能，养成分析问题、解决问题的良好方法，为学生打下扎实、牢固的英国文学史基础。
二、课程教学目的
通过本课程学习，培养学生以下专业素质：
1.主要作家、作品及主要作品中的主要人物；
2.主要文学流派，文学思潮及经典选文；
3.主要文学术语；
4.经典选段的分析。
通过本课程学习，培养学生以下非专业素质：
1.求真务实的作风；
2.开拓创新的精神；
3.严谨科学的求学观；
4.健康向上的人生观。
三、课程教学内容与要求
1.盎格鲁撒克逊时期文学/英国早期文学
《贝奥武夫》
2.盎格鲁诺曼时期文学/中世纪文学
骑士文学
3. 英诗之父：乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》
4.英国的文艺复兴
（1）莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌
（2）散文家培根：《论读书》
5.十七世纪英国资产阶级革命时期文学
革命诗人密尔顿：《失乐园》
6.十八世纪英国新古典主义文学
（1）斯威夫特和《格列佛游记》
（2）笛福和小说的兴起
（3）苏格兰农民诗人彭斯
7.十九世纪早期英国的浪漫主义文学
（1）湖畔派诗人华兹华斯
（2）浪漫主义诗人拜伦和雪莱
（3）简.斯汀与《傲慢与偏见》
8.十九世纪末批判现实主义时期
（1）犹更斯与《雾都孤儿》
（2）女性小说家勃郎特姐妹
（3）丁尼生和布朗宁夫妇
9.二十世纪英国文学
（1）心理分析和D·H·劳伦斯
(2) 哈代与《苔丝》
（3）意识流和乔伊斯、沃尔夫
四、教学重点与难点
五、学时分配
六、实验、实训等实践教学要求
无
七、说明
1.教学方法、教学手段
教学方法：讲授、选段分析、课堂演练
教学手段：理论教学+多媒体教学+网络课堂
2.作业及辅导答疑要求
作业不少于4次
辅导答疑：要求教师给学生交代辅导答疑的计划安排（时间、地点、联系方
式等），主要在课外进行。
3.课程考核方式
考核方式：考查
学生最终成绩由期末考试成绩(占总评成绩的70%)、平时成绩（考勤、作业、
课堂表现、讨论、小测验，共占总评成绩的30%）两部分组成。
八、教材及主要参考书
1.本课程使用教材：
[1]吴伟仁.《英国文学史及选读》（第一册）.外语教学与研究出版社,2008年7月，9787560003160。
[2]吴伟仁.《英国文学史及选读》（第二册）.外语教学与研究出版社,2010年7月，9787560003177。
2.教材内容处理：为体现作家和作品的代表性，删掉了部分作家。
3.主要参考书：
[1]吴伟仁、印冰等著.《英国文学史及选读学习指南》（第一册）.中央民族大学出版社, 2004年10月，97810567217。
[2]吴伟仁、吴强等著.《英国文学史及选读学习指南》（第二册）.中央民族大学出版社,2009年8月.9787810567213。
[3]刘炳善. 《英国文学简史》. 河南人民出版社，2006年1月，9787215045385。
九、编写及审核人
编写者：谭宗燕
审核者：英语系教研室集体审议，专业负责人（或主任）签字：程钰琼
编写时间：2012.02。
王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还
多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方
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英国文学选读》课程教学大纲 课程编号： 01120280 学分：2 学时： 34（其中实践学时： 0） 授课学期：第 5 学期 一、课程的性质、地位、作用及与其他课程的联系 该课程的目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的 基本知识和方法。通过阅读和分析英国文学作品，使学生了解英国的历史、地理、社会、政 治等方面的情况及文化传统， 促进学生对西方文学及文化的了解， 提高学生对文化差异的敏 感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性， 培养学生的跨文化交际能力。 授课的内容包括： （ 1） 文学导论；英语文学常识；（ 2）英国文学史；（ 3）英国文学经典作品导读；（ 4）英国文 学批评。选用《新编英国文学选读》（上、下册），罗经国 编著；北京大学出版社； 2005。 期望达到如下教学要求： 1． 对英国文学的发展概况有清晰的了解； 2． 对重要的文学术语有相当的了解并能在文学批评中加以运用； 3． 能读懂英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品； 4． 熟悉英国主要作家代表作、其写作风格和所属流派； 5． 要求在理解的基础上分析文章的思想观点、篇章结构、语言特点、修辞手法、文体 风格； 6． 要求学生有较强的跨文化交际的能力。 二、课程的教学内容与要求 Chapter One The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066) 教学目标】帮助学生了解古英语诗歌的源泉及其韵律特点 教学内容】 1. Historical background 2. Northumbrian School and Wessex Literature 3. Anglo-Saxon Poetry : Beowulf 教学重点与难点】古英语文学的代表人物 King Alfred; Beowulf Chapter Two The Norman Period (1066-1350) 教学目标】帮助学生了解诺曼时期英国骑士文学和法国文学对英国文学的影响。 4． Romance and the influence of French literature 教学重点与难点】骑士文学和宗教文学的特点。 教学内容】 1． Historical background 2． Middle English 3． Religious literature 4．
新编英国文学选读(上册)翻译
英国文学史（上册） 第一章安格鲁—撒克逊时期（450—1066） 1.历史背景 不列颠群岛最早的居民是凯尔特人，他们最初居住在莱茵河上游地区，大约在公元前600年，他们移居到了不列颠群岛。在大约公元前400到公元前300年时，凯尔特人的一个分支——布立吞人，来到了不列颠群岛，“不列颠”这个名字便是由他们所取。凯尔特人的文化属于铁器文化的早期阶段，他们知道如何铸造铁剑和种植庄稼。关于他们的信仰，我们所知甚少，但是我们能了解到他们五月节的宗教典礼和槲寄生（一种植物）的祭奠仪式，这些已经成为英国人民民族传统的一部分。 从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛在罗马帝国的统治之下。那时，罗马帝国是奴隶社会，它统治了整个欧洲，并且有很高的文明水平。罗马人打败了凯尔特人，成为了不列颠群岛的主人，伦敦就是在罗马人的统治时期内建成的。 第一个来到不列颠的罗马将领是著名的尤里乌斯.凯撒，公元55年，在他取得高卢战役的胜利后，带领一万名士兵跨过英吉利海峡来到那里。但是他只在哪儿待了几个星期，虽然他在第二年又来到了不列颠，他并没有在岛上驻扎军队，因为他当时正忙于平息欧洲大陆的叛乱，还有罗马帝国的内战。在罗马人对不列颠扩大征服之前，就这样过去了一个世纪。罗马人统治了不列颠三个半世纪，他们筑寺庙、修大路、砌城墙、建军营，但是，对凯尔特人的文化生活却影响不大。他们建成了四、五十个城邑，如今无论何时，如果你在英国听到一个城镇的名字是以“切斯特”或“卡斯特”结尾的，那么毫无疑问，它一定是坐落在一个罗马军队曾经的屯兵之地上。因为这样的词来源于拉丁语“卡斯楚”，它的意思是“要塞、堡垒”。大部分我们所知道的罗马统治时期的不列颠，都来源于凯撒的《高卢战记》，和普布里乌斯?克奈里乌斯?塔西佗的《日耳曼尼亚志》。 大约公元450年，大批的安格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人入侵不列颠群岛，他们定居在英格兰，把凯尔特人赶往威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰等周边地区。安格鲁人和撒克逊人是日耳曼部落，他们占据着易北河的两岸，也就是现在丹麦和德国的地方，这两个部族之间的语言也大致相同。从他们特有的的部族名字我们可以得知他们是非常勇敢的海上民族。古散克逊语“安古尔”意思是“钩子”，从中我们可以得知他们住在海边，以捕鱼为生。而“撒克逊”这个名字则源于“希克斯”，意思是短剑，从这个名字我们可以判断他们是坚强勇敢的战士。尽管遭到凯尔特人的奋勇抵抗，安格鲁—散克逊人最终还是将他们击败，成了不列颠群岛的新主人，也是现在英国人的祖先。 在大约公元500年，在对抗韦塞克斯王国的建立者——国王瑟迪克的过程中，一个传奇人物，凯尔特人的亚瑟王，名声大噪。在都城索美塞特夏，他的宫殿卡米洛特，亚瑟王召集了一批最勇敢的追随者，也就是著名的圆桌骑士。他为他的王国同安格鲁—撒克逊侵略者英勇作战了24年，后来他的故事也成了英国骑士文学的题材。 在从欧洲大陆移民之前，安格鲁—撒克逊人明显还处在部落社会的晚期，在他们移往不列颠之后，部落社会逐渐解体，封建社会开始形成。在将近公元6世纪时，在英格兰已经有7个较大的王国。 从8世纪后期开始，丹麦人，也就是维京人，开始入侵英格兰，起先只是沿着东海岸，
浙江省2013年1月自学考试英国文学选读试题
浙江省2013年1月自学考试英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple choices. (30 points, 1.5 points for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are twenty items. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The ________ , which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. A. renaissance B. neoclassicism C. romanticism D. modernism 2. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major poets of ________. A. realism B. neoclassicism C. romanticism D. modernism 3. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is written by ________. A. Alfred Tennyson B. William Butler Y eats C. T. S. Eliot D. Ezra Pound 4. Don Juan, a great comic epic of the early 19th century, is the masterpiece of ________. 1 浙江省2013年1月自学考试英国文学选读试题
英国文学选读试题资料
一 1. What is the name of Miss Havisham’s manor? (A) Satis House (B) Lockmont (C) Larchmont (D) Satyr House 2. In what region of England are the marshes of the novel found? (A) Sussex (B) Wessex (C) Kent (D) Gloucestershire 3. How old is Pip when Magwitch returns to his life? (A) 9 (B) 23 (C) 18 (D) 7 4. In what publication was Great Expectations originally serialized? (A) Home and Away (B) The English Almanac (C) Simple Wisdom (D) All the Year Round 5. To what genre of fiction, defined by its depiction of a character’s growth from childhood to adulthood, does Great Expectations belong? (A) Bildungsroman (B) Kunstlerspiegel (C) Mannerism (D) Victorian paternalism 6. Who is Pip’s tutor in London? (A) Harold Pocket (B) Walter Pocket (C) Herbert Pocket (D) Matthew Pocket 7. Who is Estella’s father? (A) Compeyson (B) Magwitch (C) Joe (D) Jaggers 8. What action does Jaggers perform obsessively? (A) He straightens his necktie (B) He adjusts his hair (C) He signs his name (D) He washes his hands 9. What is Pip’s reaction to Joe’s visit to him in London? (A) Embarrassment (B) Joy (C) Anger (D) Resignation 10. Who takes credit for Pip’s rise in social status? (A) Mrs. Joe (B) Joe (C) Pumblechook (D) Biddy 11. Who is responsible for the attack on Mrs. Joe? (A) Magwitch (B) Orlick (C) Compeyson (D) Pip 12. For most of the novel, whom does Pip suspect of being his secret benefactor? (A) Jaggers (B) Magwitch (C) Joe (D) Miss Havisham 13. What name does Wemmick call his elderly father? (A) “Aged Parent” (B) “Venerable Ancestor” (C) “Decrepit Sire” (D) “Old Feller” 14. Who tells Pip that Compeyson was Miss Havisham’s fiancé? (A) Wemmick （B) Estella (C) Herbert (D) Magwitch 15. What is Herbert’s nickname for Pip? (A) Haydn (B) Handel (C) Mendelssohn (D) Salieri 16. Where does Pip first encounter Magwitch? (A) The river (B) Mrs. Joe’s house (C) The smithy (D) The churchyard 17. Who is the “pale young gentleman”? (A) Wemmick (B) Herbert (C) Jaggers (D) Startop 18. Whom does Estella marry? (A) Startop (B) Pip (C) Drummle (D) Herbert
英国文学选读课后答案
The Tiger P50 1.Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger can illuminate each other? The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty. 2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express? The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger ’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the first part, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fif th part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand. The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18 ’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn ’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings. Ode to the West Wind P83西风颂 第一节 哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨， 呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到 黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，
北二外2010
北京第二外国语学院 2009年攻读硕士学位研究生专业目录 单位名称：北京第二外国语学院单位代码：10031 院系所：英语系 二外： 212日语：《标准日本语》（中级上、下册）人民教育出版社 213法语：《简明法语教程》（上、下册）孙辉编商务印书馆 214德语：《德语速成》外语教学与研究出版社 《德语－300小时》外语教学与研究出版社 215俄语：《大学俄语基础教程》（1－4册）高教社出版或其他相应水平的公外教材 216西班牙语：《现代西班牙语》（1－2册）董燕生、刘建合编 《西班牙语实用语法新编》（第6、7、8、9、13章）孙义桢编上海外语教育出版社611基础英语：水平测试，无指定参考书 811综合考试（英1）： 《英国文学选读》（第二版）王守仁高等教育出版社 《美国文学选读》（第二版）陶洁高等教育出版社 《美国文学简史》（第二版）常耀信南开大学出版社 《英国文学简史》（第二版）常耀信南开大学出版社 《语言学教程》（英文版）(修订版或第三版) 胡壮麟北京大学出版社 《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第二版）朱永涛等高等教育出版社
2009年攻读硕士学位研究生专业目录 单位名称：北京第二外国语学院单位代码：10031 院系所：英语教学部 邮政编码：100024 地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里1号电话：（010）65778279 参考书目： 611基础英语：水平测试，无指定参考书 812综合考试（英2）： 《英汉汉英应用翻译教程》方梦之等上海外语教育出版社2004. 《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第二版）朱永涛等高等教育出版社 复试参考书： 01国际商务英语： 《国际贸易》薛荣久对外经济贸易大学出版社2003. 同时注意阅读学术刊物中有关世界经济、国际贸易的论文。 02英语教学研究： Jeremy Harmer. How to Teach English, Addison Wesley Longman Limited. 1998. 外语教学与研究出版社，2000. 03跨文化交际： 《实用文体汉译英》方梦之，青岛出版社2003. 同时注意阅读近期《中国翻译》、《中国科技翻译》、《上海翻译》等学术期刊论文及翻译习题。
2007年10月自考试题英国文学选读浙江试卷
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答! 浙江省2007年10月高等教育自学考试 英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 Ⅰ.Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(10%) Section A A B (1)Daniel Defoe ( ) A. The Pilgrim’s Progress (2)Charles Dickens ( ) B. The Silver Box (3)John Bunyan ( ) C. Robinson Crusoe (4)Richard Sheridan ( ) D. A Tale of Two Cities (5)John Galsworthy ( ) E. The School for Scandal Section B A B (1) Jane Eyre( ) A. Irene (2) The Man of Property( ) B. Mr. Rochester (3) The Merchant of Venice( ) C. Satan (4) Paradise Lost( ) D. Sophia Western (5) The History of Tom Jones ( ) E. Portia Ⅱ.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.(5%) 1. In the era of the Renaissance, the humanists made attempts to get rid of those old ______ ideas in medieval Europe. 2. The ______ century was an age of prose. A group of excellent writers, such as Swift, Fielding were produced. 3. English ______ is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads. 4. In the V ictorian period, the______ as a literary genre became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. 5. The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern 1
英国文学选读知识总结
Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.