2019年高考英语语法填空专项练习(带答案)

2019年高考英语语法填空专项练习(带答案)
2019年高考英语语法填空专项练习(带答案)

高考英语语法填空专项练习

(名师精选试题专项训练,值得下载练习)

一、语法填空解题技巧

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语法填空解题流程

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语法填空答题技巧

形式一有提示词类

(一)提供动词类

当设空处提供动词原形,设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或词类转化。其解题步

骤为:

全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me,pandas are its top __61__(attract).[典例1][2016·

[剖析]考查名词。句意:对于像我一样的游客,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。

全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the [典例2][2016·

120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

[剖析]include为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。

全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.

[典例3][2016·

[剖析]分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语,故63处应为谓语

动词且应用单数形式。故填is。

(二)词性转换类

词性转换多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名词间的相互转化;形

容词与动词间的相互转化;动词与名词间的相互转化等。其解题步骤为:

[典例1][2016·

全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.

[剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。

全国Ⅱ]Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __62__ [典例2][2016·

(achieve).

[剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。

特别提醒:1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时,也有可能是考查其比较等级。

[典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!

[剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知,此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,表

示“越……,就越……”,故答案为harder。

2.括号中所给词为名词时,有可能不是考查词性转换,而是考查单复数。

[典例2]...for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.

[剖析]由定冠词the可知,此处应填名词,由谓语动词are和require可知此处应用复数形式changes。

3.有个别空可能是词义转换题,词性不一定要变,主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词,需根

据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-,im-等,在词根后加-less等。

[典例3]People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is________(use).

[剖析]作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”,故填useless。

形式二无提示词类

首先,分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;根据两句间的

逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。解题时要注意以下五大原则:

原则一:缺少主语或宾语,一定要填代词

1.缺主语

如果在谓语动词前挖空,答案应首先考虑代词。所填代词要考虑以下三种情况:

(1)人称代词:作主格的人称代词he,she,they,it等,此时要根据前文,确定所代指的内容。

(2)关系代词:在定语从句中作主语的关系代词that,which,who等。

(3)名词性从句引导词:what,whoever等。

[典例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to,and________gets there almost in a second.

[剖析]and连接前后两个句子,and后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推

知,“马上可到达那里”的是the message,替代the message用代词it。

[典例2]Maybe you have a habit__67__is driving your family crazy.

[剖析]根据句子结构可知该空应是定语从句的关系词,先行词是 a habit,关系词在定语从句中作

主语,故填that或which。

2.缺宾语

如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词,要考虑填代词,主要有以下三类:

(1)人称代词:作宾格的人称代词him,her,them,it等。

(2)关系代词:在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom等。

(3)名词性从句引导词:what,whomever等。

[典例]Raise your leg and let__65__stay in the air for seconds.

[剖析]由let可知,空处作宾语,结合句意可知,此处用it代指前面的your leg。

原则二:名词、代词、动名词前挖空,可以考虑用限定词或介词

1.限定词

如果在名词前挖空,答案应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯,名词前一般需要限定词。限

定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,mine等)、关系词(whose,which等)、疑问词、不定代词(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,several,many等)等。

[典例1][2016·

四川]Wu Junqi has long been linked to alcohol.Of course he's not a drunkard (酒鬼).He actually rarely has a drink.________33-year-old man is a bartender (调酒师) in a pub named “Shock” in Beijing.

[剖析]33-year-old man为名词短语,其前挖空,答案应首先考虑限定词。前句已提到Wu Junqi,

所以再次提到时应用定冠词The。

[典例2]Here is The Pines,________cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.You can enjoy delicious food in the restaurant.

[剖析]由挖空的特点可知此处答案很可能为限定词。冠词、物主代词、名词所有格在此处均不合

适,根据语境可知The Pines与cook为所属关系,又因为空格后为一个句子,所以此处应用表示所属

关系的关系代词引导定语从句,故此处填whose。

2.介词

名词或代词前面是空格,而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语,也不作动词的宾语时,很可能

是填介词。此时要特别关注与其空前动词等构成的固定搭配。

[典例]OK.Don't laugh __61__me.I may look funny.

[剖析]代词me前是空格,且与laugh构成固定搭配。laugh at意为“嘲笑”,故答案为at。

原则三:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词

主要的连词有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的or及表示转折关系的but等。

[典例]But the river wasn't changed in a few days __64__ even a few months.

[剖析]根据句意可知in a few days和even a few months为选择关系,故用or。

原则四:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词也没有分号或句号,一定是填连接词

主要的连接词有连接并列句的连接词:and,but,or,so及引导状语从句的各种连词:if,unless,while,because等。

[典例1]There were many people waiting at the bus stop,__62__some of them looked very anxious and __63__(disappointed).

[剖析]由句意可知,前后分句为并列关系,故用and。

[典例2]Unbelievable!Oh...,__69__you don't mind,I'll stop and take a deep __70__(breath).

[剖析]根据句意“如果你不介意,我要停下来深呼吸”,if表示假设。

原则五:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是虽然与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一

致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。如果是一般疑问句则要考

虑填助动词(be,do,does,did,have,has,had等)

[典例1]What is acceptable in one country________be considered extremely rude in another.

[剖析]句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句,空格后的be considered是谓语;因其中

的be是原形,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称

单数);由句意及作者的语气可知,需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。

[典例2]Then the driver stood up and asked,“__68__anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop

?”

[剖析]句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,“丢失”是发生在过去的动作,故答案为Did。

二、【实战演练】

A 篇

The importance of punctuality (守时) in our daily lives 41.(be) obvious. It affects both the individual (个人) and the workplace.

On 42.whole, the workplace operates more smoothly when employees are punctual. For example,

when everyone is on time for a meeting, the meeting will start smoothly as it 43.(schedule). Punctuality may help you achieve advancement. Research shows that managers are less 44.(like) to promote late employees.

Lack of punctuality affects the people in the workplace. It may lead to anger, as colleagues who are

on time compare 45.(they) with late-comers. Being late throws you out of the group, as you may miss

important 46.(inform). This causes a harmful division among employees. Leaders affect the entire

workplace. When leaders are late, it sends an irresponsible message to employees,47.may decrease their work enthusiasm. Lateness leads to stress, and stress brings 48.poor workplace performance.

Being consistently late may cause you 49.(start) believing your lateness is acceptable. When this

happens, you begin to blame outside circumstances and lose focus on potential solutions. To make

matters 50.(bad), constant lateness can eventually make you lose your job.

【解析】本文主要讲了迟到的坏处以及由迟到引发的各种问题。

41.考查时态。表示一个客观的事实,用一般现在时,且主语是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数,填is。

42.考查固定短语。on the whole总的来说,是固定短语,所以填the。

43.考查语态。it 与schedule之间是被动关系,用被动语态,且在一般现在时中,所以用一般现在时的被动

语态,填is scheduled。

44.考查固定句型。be likely to do可能作某事;很可能,是固定句型,所以填likely。

45.考查反身代词。句意为它可能会引起愤怒,因为按时的同事会拿他们自己和迟到的人相比较。表示“他们

自己”,所以填themselves。

46.考查名词。作miss的宾语,用名词,所以填information。

47.考查非限制性定语从句。___7___ may decrease their work enthusiasm.作定语修饰an irresponsible message to employees,且有逗号隔开,所以___7___ may decrease their work enthusiasm.是一个非限制性

定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,所以填which。

48.考查固定短语。句意为压力引起很差的工作表现。bring about引起,是固定短语,所以填about。

49.考查固定句型。cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事,是固定句型,所以填to start。

50.考查固定用法。to make matters worse更糟糕的是,更严重的是,是固定用法,所以填worse。

名师点睛:小题7考查非限制性定语从句。现对非限制性定语从句的用法进行总结:

一、非限制性定语从句的概念

非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起到附加修饰或说明的作用,有时对整个主句或主句的部分内容作进一步的说

明。若去掉它,整个主句的意思不受影响。例如:

citing holiday.Next winter, which you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another ex

可以肯定,你将要去哈尔滨度过的下个冬天,将会是又一个令人兴奋的假期。

I walked in our garden, where Tom and Jimmy were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.

我在我们的花园里漫步,在这里汤姆和吉米正把一块大标志牌绑在一棵树上。

二、非限制性定语从句的形式

非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如:

Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?

你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。

My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。

三、非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况

1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导,在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语/ 宾语)指物,用whose作定语(指人/ 物)。例如:

The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。

The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.

这部电影很有教育意义,它的导演是位老人。

2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。例如:

York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.

我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。

Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.

请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。

3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导,需用for which替代why。例如:

None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.

2019年高考英语语法填空合

2019年高考英语语法填空合 (全国卷I 全国卷II 全国卷III) 2019年高考英语(全国卷I)语法填空 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

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徐老师 2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷1) 英语 注意事项: 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. 2. What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? 第1页

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