动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化
动词过去式、过去分词
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
lived---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：原形过去式过去分词
AAA型
原型过去式过去分词
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
let let let
spread spread spread
Read read read
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情况
read read read
read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
ABB型
have had had
bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built
burn burnt burnt catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought win won won
ABC型
begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk
fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
go went gone
do did done
get got gotten
take took taken
speak spoke spoken
不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳
不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音/e/ lie---lied---lied 说谎lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是［:t］
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought
buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught
2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told
3. 动词原形中i为a, …sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat
4. 动词原形中i为o, …win----won----won
shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined
5. 动词原形中an为oo, …
stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood 6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,…
say----said----said pay----paid----paid
7. a）动词原形中的d为t,…
send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , …
smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost
c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, …
learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/
d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept
sweep---swept----swept keep---- kept----- kept
其它
meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard find----found----found hang----hung----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become
D. 原形，过去式，和过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词．
begin ----began----begun drink---drank---drunk ring----rang----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词．
blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)
3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类．
a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词．
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen
write---wrote---written (双写t ) ride----rode----ridden (双写d )
b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词．speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken
c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词．
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten （双写t，加en ）d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden （双写d ）E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could －may---- might －
shall---- should－will ---- would －
其它
am, is ---- was----been are----were----been
do----did-----done
go-----went-----gone show----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn draw-----drew----- drawn
不规则动词的过去式（初二）
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变．如：become—became, come—came
2．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam ，sink—sank，
3．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：
drive—drove，ride—rode，shine—shone，win—won，write—wrote
4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：
get—got，forget—forgot
5．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：
keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：
stand—stood，understand—understood
7．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）
8．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：
break—broke，speak—spoke
9．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：
sell—sold，tell—told
10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是［:t］的过去式。如：
bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 11．以ould结尾且读音为［ud］的情态动词过去式。如：
can—could，shall—should，will—would
12．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：
hear［hi ］—heard［h :d］，say［sei］—said［sed］，
mean［mi:n］—meant［ment］，dream—dreamt ［dremt］
13．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let，must—must，
put—put，read—read［red］，set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如：
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has— had，hide—hid，hold—held，lay—laid，leave—left，lie—lay，lose—lost，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，smell—smelt，take—took，wake—woke，wear—wore
经过这么一指点，初二上册所学的不规则动词过去式就一目了然了，相信同学们很快就能把它们记下来，并且一定会有事半功倍的效果。
教师寄语：
没有非常的精力和工作能力便不可能成为天才，既没有精力也没有工作能力的所谓天才，不过是一个漂亮的肥皂泡，或者是一张只能到月球上去兑现的支票而已，但是，哪里有超乎平常
人的精力与工作能力，哪里就有天才。
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine perspiration.