名词性从句的结构

它们都属于名词性从句

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。

[解题过程]

一．主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that …事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural that…很自然…

It is strange that…奇怪的是…

(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems that…似乎…

It happened that…碰巧…

(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that…据报道…

It has been proved that…已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It do esn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语

例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashame d, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）

三．表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that…和It is because 等结构。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四．同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分

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名词性从句试题和答案（word）一、名词性从句 1． is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：明显正确的做法就是给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊才能的机会。连接词引导一个主语从句，并在主语从句中做句子的主语，故选D。【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 2． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. When; that; when B. What; whether; as C. What; that; as D. lt; whether; as 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】这题考查从句的用法，第一空填what引导主语从句，在主语从句中what做主语，第二空填that引导表语从句，在表语从句中，as是引导时间状语从句，句意是：甚至更重要的是：随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在表面。选C。 3．____ made me more unhappy was ___ the boy asked my friend to be his girlfriend and she agreed. A. What; that B. That ; that C. What; whether D. It; that 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我更不高兴的是那个男孩要求我的朋友做他的女友，她同意了。第一空填what,它一方面在句子中引导主语从句,另一方面又在主语从句中作主语；第二空用that引导表语从句且从句中不缺成分,表示对前面情况的说明。故选A。【点评】考查了名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句以及that引导的表语从句。4．It is a rule in his family that _______ comes home first should cook the dinner. A. anybody B. who C. whoever D. who that 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在他的家里有个规定，就是先到家的人要先做饭。whoever 有两个词义：1no matter who，在这种用法时引导一个让步状语从句；2anybody that，在这种用法时，它连接一个名词性从句，在本题中它连接的是主语从句。这里就是第二个用法。所以选C。

名词性从句教学案概要

名词性从句（教案）（一）、名词性从句的种类：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（二）、名词性从句的引导词： 1. 由wh- 词引导的名词从句叫作名词性wh- 从句。wh- 词包括who，whom，whose， whoever，what，whatever，which，whichever 等连接代词和where，when，how，why 等连接副词。 2. wh- 从句的语法功能除了起连接从句外，同时还充当主语、宾语、表语、状语等。 3. if，whether 引导的名词性从句从属连词if，whether 引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no 型疑问从句和选择型疑问从句，起连接从句作用，不充当语法成分，本身有意义，（3）由从属连词that 引导的从句叫做名词性从句时，that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，本身也没有词义。引导的名词性从句在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。练习、用英语完成下列句子，并注意从句在句子中做什么成分。 1. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。How the book will sell depends on its author. 2. 在自己家里可以随心所欲In one's own home one can do what one likes.。(直接宾语) 3. The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。(间接宾语) 4. 她会给他她想要的名字。She will name him whatever she wants to. (宾语补足语) 6. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 I have no idea when he will return. (同位语) 7. 那取决于我们去哪儿。That depends on where we shall go.(介词宾语) 8. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. (宾语) 9. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。The point is whether we should lend him the money. (表语) 10. 他还活着是幸运的。That the girl is still alive is very lucky. 主语： 11. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 12. 事实是近来没有人见过他。The fact is that he has not been seen recently. (表语) 13. 近来没有人见过他这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. （同位语） 14.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. （形容词宾语） 15.我担心他是否能渡过疾病的危险期。 I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. （介词宾语）二、高考主要考查要点：（1）名词性从句的引导词的选择、（2）引导词之间的区别以及名词性从句的语序等。所以学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点： 1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句引导的名词性从句要用陈述语序。名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一,因此应切实掌握这一考点。其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正