01构词法与句子结构类型

01构词法与句子结构类型
01构词法与句子结构类型

英语语法讲义01:英语构词与句子结构

构词法基本上包括下列三项:

?1.词根(Root)

?2.派生词(Derivative)

?3.合成词(Compound Words)

词类(Parts of Speech)

A.Noun.-n.

Miss Lin is our English teacher.

John and Tom are good friends.

I call my puppy ―Luck‖.

Can you ride a bicycle?

You can go by taxi.

B.Pronoun—pron.

Helen is a student.She goes to school by bus every day.

-Who is there ?

-It's me ,Tom .

I see her at school every day.

Helen is my good friend.I go to school together with her every morning.

C.A djective-a./adj.

a good boy some beautiful flowers anything good Helen is a beautiful girl.

Helen looks very beautiful.

D.Verb-V.

Tom goes to school by bicycle every day.

He is a very bright student.

The teacher punished the lazy students.

Farmers here grow rice and vegetables.

They are talking about the picnic.

Does your father speak English?

I did n't see her yesterday.

Can you ride a bicycle?

E.Adverb-adv.

We do not go to school on Sundays.

Mary reads very well.

My teacher always speaks slowly but clearly.

She looks very happy today.

Thank you very much.

F.Preposition—prep.

A mouse ran out from under the wall.

Bring me the book on your desk.

They are studying quietly in the classroom.

G.Conjuction—conj.

boys and girls poor but happy

in the city and in the country.

by bus or by train

He is not very bright but he studies hard.

I didn't have breakfast this morning, so I am hungry now.

Coordinate Conjunction: 表达并列功能的连词叫做并列连词,并列连词两端的词的词类必须相等。

Subordinate Conjunction:本身不能独立表达完整的意思而只在句子中作句子结构的一部分者叫做从句。用以连接从句使其在主句中发挥表达功能的词叫做从属连词。

?as,when,since,that,who,which,what,…

?从句(Subordinate Clause.)

I know that he is a very good student.

People who use free time well are usually healthy and happy.

Many people enjoy reading when they have free time.

H.Interjection—int.

Ah!O(h)!Alas!Dear me!My God!

Sentence structure:

I. Basic types of clause

例句:

I am a Webaholic.

I like chatting online.

Chatting on the Internet is interesting.

Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun.

We can call Internet addicts a Webaholic.

Internet dating hurts.

翻译:

那件事太危险。

这捆柴50公斤。

中国地大物博,人口众多。

例句:

1.

Man proposes; God disposes.

Modesty benefits; pride hurts.

The sun rises and the sun sets. Stars glitter and stars vanish. There are ups and downs in everyone’s life.

They have been signing for half an hour.

Great minds think alike.

2.

The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.

I’ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week.

The best proof of love is trust.

Bread is the staff of life.

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

判断正误:

He looks happily.

He shouted loudly.

除了be以外的系动词:linking verbs

1)单纯表示主语的特征、状态:

feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear, etc.

翻译:这玫瑰花闻起来不是很香。

2)表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的:become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come, etc.

Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short.

The jokes fell flat.

3)表示主语保持某种状态的:continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest, prove, etc.

He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy.

You may rest assured that he will come to the party.

*4)近似于不及物动词的系动词:sit, act, arrive, blush, marry, die, be born, etc.

Mr. Bean often acted weird in public.

The boy blushed scarlet.

All the audience sat silent.

比较:

He woks hard.

He died young.

比较:

Jane Austin died a spinster.

He died a hero’s death.

3.

Beauty will buy no beef.

The picture flattered her.

4.

A personal bodyguard had been assigned to her.

Would you mind fetching some coffee for me.

Fill in the blank:

Which type of oil do you recommend ____ my car?

I recommend this book _____ anyone with an interest in chemistry.

I have decided to recommend you _____ the directorship.

The repairman charged me _____ ten dollars.

Can I ask a question _____ you?

I’ve promised that book ______ Tom.

I’ll bet you ten _____dollars

5.

The couple named their baby Johnson.

I keep the door open.

The naughty boy knocked the bottle over.

He ordered his men to fire.

He heard me singing.

I saw the vase broken.

They look on him as a teacher.

I asked him what he was doing.

区分:

I made John our chairman.

I made John a cake.

II. The modifiers of basic clause

attribute:

1.adj. Poor John went to a hospital nearby.

2.n. elevator girl man/woman police ball pen

3.numeral Two boys need two pens.

4.pron./genitive There are two boys of Tom’s her.

5.prep. Phrase The boy in blue…

6.adv. The boy there… The people here

7.infinitive The boy to write this letter needs a pen.

8.–ing/-ed the smiling boy the broken vase

9.clause

This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the house that Jack built.

adverbial:

1.adv. …stay here

2.infinitive I come here to see you.

3.prep. Phrase The boy was praised for his bravery.

4.–ing/-ed

5.clause

6.相当于副词的词或短语Ten years ago, she began to live in Beijing.

Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical back-ground of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning.

Tight supply conditions, exacerbated by losses in Pakistan, the world’s

fourth-largest grower, after it suffered devastating flooding, have drawn hedge funds and other speculators to the New York cotton market.

The expansion of basic clause

coordinators:

but ,however,yet,although,on the contrary,while

,and, then, first second,or,not only...but also...,both...and...,neither...nor...

1. 并列连词:

and

Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice.

neither... nor

She could neither speak the language nor write it.

both... and

A man should have both courage and perseverance.

not only... but also

We should not only be bold, but also be cautious.

as well as

I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.

and then

We had a week in Shanghai and then went to Beijing.

2. 表示选择的并列连词:

or

You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it.

either... or

I left it either on the table or in the drawer.

除了表示选择外,or和either... or还可以表示否定的条件:

1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party.

2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me.

3. 表示转折或对比的并列连词:

but

He tried hard but he was unsuccessful.

not…but…

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.

yet

The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition.

however

She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. nevertheless

I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him.

4. 表示因果关系的并列连词:

for

You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside.

so

My sister is expecting me,so I must be off now.

therefore

You are right, therefore we should support you.

hence

I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises.

汉语中完整的句子结构

汉语中完整的句子结构 主谓宾,定状补,主干枝叶分清楚, 主要成分主谓宾,附加成分定状补。 主语功能被描述,谓语最爱说主语; 宾语多在谓语后,配合谓语来描述, 定语只在主宾前,限制修饰不含糊; 状语有时在句首,谓语前面常光顾; 补语天生胆子小,谓后宾后小嘀咕; 的前为定得后补,地字前头是状语。 明确概念常练习,学习语法莫怕苦。 主语即一句话中动作的发出人; 谓语即一句话中的表示具体动作的部分; 宾语即一句话中动作的承受者; 补语是句子中动作状态进行修饰; 定语是对句子中名词性的词语进行修饰的部分; 状语是对句子中的动词性词语或全句整体进行修饰的部分。例如: 我打他 主谓宾 我打得他头破血流

主谓宾补 我打得那个人头破血流 主谓定宾补 今天我打得那个人头破血流 状主谓定宾补 今天我痛快地打得那个人头破血流 状主状谓定宾补 完整的句子结构:(定)主//[状]谓<补>+(定)宾如:(我们)学生||[一定][要]学<好>(专业)课程。 定语用在主语前面,是修饰限制主语或宾语的中心语的。如:“(冬天里)的春天” 补语用在谓语的后面,是补充说明谓语中心语的 如:“辨认<仔细>” 句子成分 1、主语 主语是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。例如: (1)中国人民志气高。 (2)提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平是亿万人民群众的切身事业。

2、谓语 谓语是陈述主语的,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或怎么样“。例如: (1)满天乌云顿时消散了。 (2)树叶黄了。 (3)小王今年十六岁。 (4)鲁迅是中国现代文学的奠基人。 (5)明天星期日。 (6)什么书他都看。 3、宾语 宾语在动语后面,表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。例如: (1)什么叫信息? (2)门口围着一群看热闹的。 (3)马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级解放事业服务的手段。 4、定语 定语是名语前面的连带成分,用来修饰、名词表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等。例如: (1)那(沉甸甸)的稻谷,象一垄垄(全黄)的珍珠。 (2)(三杯)美酒敬亲人。 (3)雪野中有(血红)的宝珠山茶,(白中隐青)的(单瓣)梅花。

句子结构及句子种类

.初步了解句子成分和句子种类,为正确使用句子打好基础; .学会划分句子成分,为学习各种从句打好基础; . 激发学生地兴趣与潜能. :简单句地五种基本类型 :以旧带新;英汉对照;由浅入深 : : : : .个人收集整理勿做商业用途 ::.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 : : 汉语地句子成分有:个人收集整理勿做商业用途 英语地句子成分有:个人收集整理勿做商业用途 主语( ) 是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子来充当.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 谓语() 是指主语发出地动作,即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当; 宾语():指主语发出地动作涉及到地对象,即干了“什么”,可以担当宾语地成分同主语个人收集整理勿做商业用途 定语() 用来修饰名词或代词,说明名词或代词地特点.能作定语地主要有形容词、分词、不定式和从句.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 状语() 用来限制谓语动词或整个句子,说名动作发生地时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、程度等等,常用副词或从句来完成.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 补语(): 与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事,由名词充当,主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 表语():跟在系动词后,指主语是个什么样地人或处于什么状态,由名词或形容词充当.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 : : 让学生列举都见过哪些类型地句子,老师归纳总结: . 全部地英语句子一共分为三大类:, , 个人收集整理勿做商业用途 . 简单句地定义:就是由主语(或并列主语),个谓语(或并列谓语),个宾语(或并列宾语),构成地句子,叫简单句.个人收集整理勿做商业用途 : . . . 简单句根据句子结构也就是句子成分,可以分为: 种基本类型. ① . ② . ③ . ④ . ⑤ .个人收集整理勿做商业用途 根据五种基本句型,加上修饰词,改变一下时态、语态可以构成无数句子. : 说出下列句子属于那种结构地句子 ) . . . . . ) . . .

人教版新目标初中英语语法知识--词类、句子成分和构词法

人教版新目标初中英语语法知识-词类、句子成分和构词法 一)词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词 ( n.) :表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词 ( pron.) :主要用来代替名词。 如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词 ( adj..) :表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如:good, right, white, orange. 4、数词 ( num.) :表示数目或事物的顺序。 如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词 ( v.) :表示动作或状态。 如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词 ( adv.) :修饰动词、形容词或其他副词, 说明时间、地点、程度等。 如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 6、冠词 ( art. .) :用在名词前 , 帮助说明名词。 如:a, an, the. 7、介词 ( prep.) :表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如:in, on, from, above, behind. 8、连词 ( conj.) :用来连接词、短语或句子。 如:and, but, before . 9、感叹词 ( interj..) 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。 如:oh, well, hi, hello. 二)、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物, 回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如: I ’mMiss Green.( 我是格林小姐 ) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态 , 回答“做 ( 什么 ) ”。主要由动词担任。 如:Jack cleans the room every day.( 杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后, 说明主语的身份或特征, 回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如:My name is Ping ping .( 我的名字叫萍萍) 3、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果, 回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.( 他能拼这个词) 4、有些及物动词带有两个宾语, 一个指物 , 一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语, 指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . ( 他给我写了一封信 )

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

句子结构及句子种类

句子结构及句子种类 Teaching aims:1.初步了解句子成分和句子种类,为正确使用句子打好基础; 2.学会划分句子成分,为学习各种从句打好基础; 3. 激发学生的兴趣与潜能。 Important points:简单句的五种基本类型 Teaching method:以旧带新;英汉对照;由浅入深 Teaching aids : A learning guide Teaching procedures: Step One : Revision : Revise some words and phrases. Step Two:Revision:revise different parts of speech in English sentences. Step Three: Presentation: 汉语的句子成分有:____________ _______ _____________ _________ 英语的句子成分有:_______ _______ ________ _______ _______ _______ _____ 主语subjective ( s) 是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子来充当。 谓语verb (v) 是指主语发出的动作,即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当; 宾语objective (O):指主语发出的动作涉及到的对象,即干了“什么”,可以担当宾语的成分同主语 定语attributive (a) 用来修饰名词或代词,说明名词或代词的特点。能作定语的主要有形容词、分词、不定式和从句。 状语adverbial (ad) 用来限制谓语动词或整个句子,说名动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、程度等等,常用副词或从句来完成。 补语compliments(c): 与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事,由名词充当, 主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语。

中考英语必备—词类、句子成分和构词法

中考英语必备—词类、句子成分和构词法 1、词类 英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is ,are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词和介词短语担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) Jill has lunch at school every day. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

句子成分句子类型句子结构

语法专题讲解:句子成分 句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。其中包括: 主要成分:主语谓语 次要成分:表语宾语宾语补足语主语补足语定语状语同位语 ㈠主语(sub):句子所陈述的主体。一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 读下面的句子标出主语并总结能够做主语的词。 1.Honesty is the best quality. 2.Nobody can help you. 3.Four and five makes nine. 4.The sick and the old need our help. 5.The wounded should be sent to hospital. 6.To become a nurse is my wish. 7.Running is good for health. 8.Between six and seven in the morning is the best time. 9.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 10.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 11.There is a teacher and 3students. 总结: ㈡谓语(v.):表示主语的动作,行为或所处的状态。(谓语有人称和数的变化)动词及动词短语常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 观察下面的句子总结谓语动词的构成。 1. He practices running every morning. / The plane takes off at 8 o’clock. 2. You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold. 3. Our school becomes more beautiful. 总结谓语动词的构成。 1、简单谓语: 2、复合谓语: ㈢表语(pred.):系动词后用来说明主语的特征,类属,状态或身份等。 系动词的类别: 状态系动词:be (is am are was were) seem smell sound taste feel touch stay(保持) remain (依然) look (看上去) appear (显得) keep(保 持)continue (继续) stand (以某种方式矗立着)

暑期课程-英语-江苏-初二-词类句子成分代词

精锐教育学科教师辅导教案 学员编号:年级:初二课时数:3 学员姓名:YYY辅导科目:英语学科教师:XX 课题词类,句子成分,构词法学习 教学目的通过基础词法,句法的介绍,掌握英语基本的词汇,句型分析能力详细掌握代词考点 授课日期××年××月××日 教学内容 Step 1 词类,句子成分,构词法介绍 1、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 (1)名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class, (2)代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it . (3)形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange . (4)数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth. (5)动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see . (6)副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,often (7)冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the. (8)介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,. (9)连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before . (10)感叹词(interj.):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi,hello. 2、句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 (1)主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I’m Miss Green. (2)谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如:Jack cleans the room. (3)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如:My name is Ping ping。 (4)宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter.. 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me .

词类,句子成分,构词法,5种基本句型(教师版)

教师姓名学科英语课题名称词类,句子成分,构词法,5种简单句基本句型 学生姓名年级上课时间 教学目标在学好英语单词的基础上,理解英语中最基本的语法概念。 教学重难点句子成分,构词法,5种简单句基本句型 专题知识梳理 Step 1 词类,句子成分,构词法 1、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。(1)名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,(2)代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it . (3)形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange . (4)数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.(5)动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see . (6)副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,often (7)冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the. (8)介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,. (9)连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before . (10)感叹词(interj.):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi,hello. 2、句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 (1)主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I’m Miss Green. (2)谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如:Jack cleans the room. (3)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping。 (4)宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter.. 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (5)定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:Shanghai is a big city . (6)状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard . (7)宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。 如:They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons. 同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?

句子成分及种类

句子成分&句子结构 一、句子成分 句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的必需部分;宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分;其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分。有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分。 1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当。 Some people can’t use the computer. (名词作主语) He teaches us English. (代词作主语) Three and five is eight. (数词作主语) To read in bed is bad for your eyes. (不定式作主语) Eating more vegetables is good for us. (动名词短语作主语) That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. (从句作主语) (广东)Do you need more time to complete the task? Yes, another ten days _____ enough. A, is B, are C, was D, were 2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语。 The boy speaks Japanese. (简单谓语) Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (简单谓语) I can play the baseball. (合成谓语) Our city becomes more beautiful. (合成谓语) 3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当。 I bought a book. (单宾语,名词) The news surprised us. (单宾语,代词) He told me the news about it. (双宾语,代词/名词) A friend lent some money to me. (双宾语,名词/代词) We consider him an honest boy. (复合宾语) Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. (复合宾语) 4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语。 My pen friend is an American boy. (名词) This book isn’t mine. (代词) He was the first to come to school yesterday. (数词) The man looks strong. (形容词) My father is out. (副词) His job is to clean the school. (动词不定式短语) The dictionary is in the bag. (介词短语) Wasting time is killing yourself. (动名词短语) The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. (从句) 5.定语:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种。

有关英语语法中《句子成分及五种基本句型》问题_附有习题及答案

英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是: 1、主语——动词——表语 2、主语——动词 3、主语——动词——宾语 4、主语——动词——宾语——宾语 5、主语——动词——宾语——补语 掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。 一、主语——动词——表语 在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。 1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语) 3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语) 4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语) 5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语) 6.The television was on.(副词做表语) 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) 8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) 9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句) 注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 I'm happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example. 二、主语——动词 在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。 1.The sun is rising. 2.I'll try. 3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep) 4.The engine broke down. 注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。 1.The book sells wel. 2.The window won't shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily. (接下页 三、主语——动词——宾语 在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。 1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语) 2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语) 3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语) 4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语) 5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语) 6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句) 注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所

英语句型结构与句子成分划分复习课程

高一英语初高中衔接练习 第二讲英语句型结构与句子成分划分 一、句子类型 (1)、简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)构成的句子。 1) 简单句的类别 1.陈述句(肯定句、否定句) 2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意 3.祈使句 4.感叹句(How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) ! 2) 简单句的基本词序 主语谓语宾语状语 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly. A young girl walked confidently on the stage. (2)、并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成,两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。其结构是:简单句+并列连词+简单句 1. I help him and he helps me . 2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged. 3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train. 4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday. 5. Either he didn’t speak clearly or I didn’t hear well. (3)、复合句:简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。 1.名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film. 3) This is why he didn’t go to school. 4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy. 引导名词性从句的连词有: that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever. 2.修饰性(形容词性)从句:定语从句 1) The man who is standing there is White. 2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived. 引导定语从句的连词有: that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why. 3. 副词性从句:状语从句 (条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句)

句子成分、结构和种类

句子成分、结构和种类 一、句子成分 1、主语:主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当 2、谓语:表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般由动词担当,位于主语的后面,体现句 子的时态、语态、语气等。谓语动词有人称和数的变化。 (1)简单谓语:凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语 (2)复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。【“情态动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】 _____________________________________________ 我不知道她的地址。【“助动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】 _____________________________________________ 陈老师是我的数学老师。【“连系动词+表语”作复合谓语】 _____________________________________________ 3、表语:说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介 词短语等都可以作表语。 琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。【名词作表语】 _____________________________________________ 那个数码相机是我的。【代词作表语】 _____________________________________________ 运动会之后我感到很累。【形容词作表语】 _____________________________________________ 4、宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,可用在及物动词和介词之后。可以作宾语主要成分有名 词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,一般指物。间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,一般指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,位于其后时,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。 我们支持你的计划【名词作宾语】 _____________________________________________ 他邀请了我去俱乐部。【代词作宾语】 _____________________________________________ 他昨天给了我一本书。 _____________________________________________ 5、定语:用来描述名词或代词的修饰语,一般由代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词(短 语)来充当。它常和名词一起构成名词短语,定语有前置定语和后置定语,前置定语多是单词的形式,后置定语多是短语或从句。 你的包在沙发上【代词作定语】 _____________________________________________ 穿蓝衣服的男孩是汤姆。【介词短语作后置定语】 _____________________________________________ 6、状语:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的。它表达的特征有时间、地点、方式、原因、目 的、结果等,可以充当状语的有副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、状语从句等。 我们这个周末去野营好吗?【表时间】 _____________________________________________ 我去那儿看我叔叔。【表地点】 _____________________________________________

句子结构类型

英语词性缩写 n = 名词,noun的缩写 u = 不可数名词,uncountable noun的缩写c = 可数名词,countable noun的缩写 v = 动词,verb的缩写 vi = 不及物动词,intransitive verb的缩写vt = 及物动词,transitive verb的缩写aux.v = 助动词,auxiliary verb的缩写model verb情态动词conj = 连接词,conjunction的缩写adj. = 形容词,adjective的缩写adv.= 副词,adverb的缩写 art. = 冠词,article的缩写 prep = 介词;preposition的缩写pron = 代名词,pronoun的缩写num = 数词,numeral的缩写 int. = 感叹词,interjection的缩写 英文基本句式介绍: 五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 (说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=补语) 1.S十V 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 3.S十V十O

句子成分

一,词类,句子成分和构词法: 1)词类:英语词类分十种: 名词,形容词,代词,数词,冠词,动词,副词,介词,连词,感叹词. 1,名词(n.): 表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称.如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2,代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词.如:who, she, you, it . 3,形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征.如:good, right, white, orange . 4,数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序.如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5,动词(v.): 表示动作或状态.如:am, is,are,have,see . 6,副词(adv.): 修饰动词,形容词或其他副词,说明时间,地点,程度等.如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7,冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词.如:a, an, the. 8,介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系.如in, on, from, above, behind. 9,连词(conj.): 用来连接词,短语或句子.如and, but, before . 10,感叹词(interj..)表示喜,怒,哀,乐等感情.如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2)句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语,宾语补足语. 1,主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是"谁"或者"什么".通常用名词或代词担任.如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2,谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答"做(什么)".主要由动词担任.如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3,表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是"什么"或者"怎么样".通常由名词,代词或形容词担任.如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4,宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是"什么".通常由名词或代词担任.如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5,定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词,代词,数词等担任.如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6,状语用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,通常由副词担任.如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7,宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当.如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词,代词后面,进一步说明它的情况.如:Where is your classmate T om (你的同学汤姆在哪里) 3)构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法,派生法和转换法. 1,合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等. 2,派生法:

相关文档
最新文档