句子成分、结构和种类

句子成分、结构和种类
句子成分、结构和种类

语法

句子成分、结构和种类

一、句子成分

1、主语:主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当

2、谓语:表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般由动词担当,位于主语的后面,体现句

子的时态、语态、语气等。谓语动词有人称和数的变化。

(1)简单谓语:凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语

(2)复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。【“情态动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】

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我不知道她的地址。【“助动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】

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陈老师是我的数学老师。【“连系动词+表语”作复合谓语】

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3、表语:说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介

词短语等都可以作表语。

琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。【名词作表语】

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那个数码相机是我的。【代词作表语】

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运动会之后我感到很累。【形容词作表语】

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4、宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,可用在及物动词和介词之后。可以作宾语主要成分有名

词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,一般指物。间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,一般指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,位于其后时,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。

我们支持你的计划【名词作宾语】

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他邀请了我去俱乐部。【代词作宾语】

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他昨天给了我一本书。

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5、定语:用来描述名词或代词的修饰语,一般由代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词(短

语)来充当。它常和名词一起构成名词短语,定语有前置定语和后置定语,前置定语多是单词的形式,后置定语多是短语或从句。

你的包在沙发上【代词作定语】

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穿蓝衣服的男孩是汤姆。【介词短语作后置定语】

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6、状语:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的。它表达的特征有时间、地点、方式、原因、目

的、结果等,可以充当状语的有副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、状语从句等。

我们这个周末去野营好吗?【表时间】

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我去那儿看我叔叔。【表地点】

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7、补足语:补足主语意义的句子成分是主语补足语,补足宾语意义的句子成分是宾语补足

语。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语,它们作逻辑上有主谓关系。含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等皆可作补足语。

我们应该保持教室干净、整洁。【形容词作宾语补足语】

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有人看见那位歌手进了一个咖啡馆【不定式作主语补足语】

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8、同位语:对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的

句子成分叫作同位语。同位语常置于被说明的词之后。名词、数词、代词和从句等可作同位语。

我的外国朋友玛丽邀请我去参观她的家乡。【名词作同位语】

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他去世的消息让我们很难过。【从句作同位语】

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二、句子结构

1、简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫作简单句。

简单句有5种基本句型。

(1)S+V【主语+谓语】

我最近出的书销路很好。

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(2)S+V+O【主语+谓语+宾语】

她把报纸放在了我的桌上。

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(3)S+V+P【主语+谓语+表语】

我们任何时候都应该保持谦虚。

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(4)S+V+Oi+Od【主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语】

琳达递给我一本书。

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(5)S+V+O+C【主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语】

老师让我们编些对话。

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2、并列句

3、复合句:包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句;或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个

以上的主句。复合句包括名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句。

三、句子种类

1、陈述句

(1)肯定句

他们同意了。【主语+谓语】

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他们很高兴。【主语+连系动词+表语】

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(2)否定句

○1否定句通常在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not

他对成功没有把握。

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她不懂英语。

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你不应该待在这里。

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○2使用否定结构应注意的问题:

a.Not与all, always,both,every以及由every构成的复合词连用,不管not在其前还是

其后,都表示部分否定。

这儿并非一切都好。

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b.肯定句中的already和too在变为否定句时,要分别改为yet和either。

我还没完成工作。

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她也不想去购物

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c.除not外,其他否定词也可构成否定式。

Not…at all一点也不not…any more不再never从不few/little几乎没有

Hardly几乎不nothing什么也没有seldom很少none of没有任何人或物too…to…太……而不能……

4、疑问句

(1)一般疑问句【基本结构:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+其他】你知道一些著名的音乐家吗?

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(2)特殊疑问句

疑问副词:when, where, why/what for, how

我们什么时候去爬山

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疑问代词:what, who, whom

你哥哥是干什么的

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疑问词组:how many/much, how far, how long, how often, how soon

你多久练一次吉他?

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你游了多久?

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(3)选择疑问句【句式结构:一般疑问句/特殊疑问句+or+供选择部分】

你喜欢什么样的冰淇淋,巧克力的还是草莓的?巧克力冰淇淋。

____________________________________________________________ (4)反意疑问句

○2特例

a.I am…→aren’t I

我是第一个给你打电话的,是吗?

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b.陈述部分主语是不定代词something, nothing等或指示代词this, that时,疑

问部分主语用it;陈述部分主语是these, those时,疑问部分主语用they;陈述部分主语是everybody, nobody等不定代词时,疑问部分主语强调主体时,用they;陈述部分主语是one时,疑问部分主语用在正式场合用it,在非正式场合也可用you

他什么事也没发生,对吗?

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我外出时,有人打电话了,对吗?

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一个人一个诚实,对吧?

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c.陈述部分主语是不定短语、动名词短语或主语从句时,疑问部分主语用it

掌握英语不容易,对吗?

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d.陈述部分是there be句型时,疑问部分仍用there

你的表有问题,对不对?

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e.陈述部分含有little, few, hardly, seldom, never, no, nothing, none等否定含义

的词时,疑问部分用肯定形式

她很少在学校吃饭,对吗?

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f.陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用hadn’t/shouldn’t+主语;陈述部分

是would like/would rather结构时,疑问部分用wouldn’t you

你最好告诉她这件事,好吗?

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你宁愿待在家里,是吗?

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g.陈述部分含有used to时,疑问部分用usedn’t/didn’t+主语

他以前住在城市里,对吗?

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h.陈述部分谓语动词为have/has/had to时,疑问部分谓语动词为do的适当形

我们明天必须4点起床,对吗?

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i.陈述部分有dare或need时,为实义动词时,疑问部分谓语用do的适当形

式;为情态动词时,疑问部分用mustn’t/can’t+主语

我们需要做这件事,对吗?【need为实义动词】

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你不敢去那儿,对吗?【dare为情态动词】

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j.陈述部分有must时:

(a)must意为必须,疑问部分用mustn’t/can’t+主语

(b)must意为必要,疑问部分用needn’t+主语

(c)must表示推测,意为一定时,疑问部分要根据must后面的时态和

结构而定。

他一定很累,不是吗?

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他学英语一定很多年了,是不是?

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k.陈述部分主语是“the+形容词”表示一类人时,疑问部分主语用they 老人都得到了很好的照顾,是吗?

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l.陈述部分谓语是want, wish等表示愿望的词时,疑问部分用may+主语,且两部分均为肯定形式

我想去看电影,行吗?

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m.陈述部分是感叹句时,疑问部分用be动词的否定式+主语

多漂亮的颜色,是吗?

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n.在祈使句中,let’s开头的祈使句,疑问部分用shall we;其他的祈使句,疑问部分用will you。

5、祈使句

祈使句中以let开头时,let’s包括说话对方,let us不包括说话对方。其否定形式是直接作前面加don’t或在动词原形前加not构成。

让我们再试一下

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请你让我们再试一下

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不要让那个男孩哭

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条件祈使句:用在and前面表示肯定条件,用在or前面表示否定条件。

动动脑经,你就会找到好办法。

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快点儿,否则我们要迟到了。

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6、感叹句:what修饰名词,how修饰形容词或副词

(1)How+形容词/副词(+a/an+名词)+主语+谓语!

他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!

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How+主语+谓语!

时间过得真快!

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(2)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!

多么漂亮的房子啊!

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What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!

它们是多么漂亮的花啊!

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What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!

多冷的天气啊!

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7、There be句型:表示“某处有某人或某物”。there为虚词,没有具体意义;be后面的名

词或名词词组为句子的真正主语。

桌上有一台电脑、一盏台灯和一些书。【并列主语】

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没有什么可担心的。【there be+主语+不定式】

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真题演练

1、________ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. Knocked

D. To knock

2、There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ________ ?

A. is there

B. isn’t there

C. is he

D. isn’t he

3、Before you quit your job, _______ how your family would feel about your decision.

A. consider

B. considering

C. to consider

D. considered

4、They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down.

A. but

B. so

C. when

D. since

5、________ a strange plant!I’ve never seen it before.

A. Which

B. What

C. How

D. Whether

6、The shocking news made me realize ______ terrible problem we would face.

A. what

B. how

C. that

D. why

7、It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ________ ?

A. doesn’t it

B. does it

C. don’t they

D. do they

8、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ________ ?

A. is he

B. isn’t he

C. must he

D. mustn’t he

9、Mary, ________ here—everybody else, stay where you are.

A. come

B. comes

C. to come

D. coming

10、______ and I’ll get the work finished.

A. Have one more hour

B. One more hour

C. Given one more hour

D. If I have one more hour

11、Sarah had her washing machine required the day before yesterday, ______ she ?

A. had

B. did

C. hadn’t

D. didn’t

12、The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicyle, _______ it was ?

A. What a dangerous scene

B. Wat dangerous a scene

C. How a dangerous scene

D. How dangerous the scene

13、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, _______ ?

A. do you

B. don’t you

C. will you

D. won’t you

14、There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _______ to bed early

unless you think it is necessary.

A doesn’t go

B not to go C. to going D. don’t go

15、Start out right way, _______ you’ll miss the first train.

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. while

16、Bring the flowers into a warm room _______ they’ll soon open.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. for

17、At no time _______ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A. they actually broke

B. do they actually broke

C. did they actually broke

D. they had actually broken

18、Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _______ ?

A. hasn’t she

B. has she

C. isn’t she

D. is she

19、It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ______?

A. isn’t he

B. hasn’t he

C. isn’t it

D. hasn’t it

20、______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

A. It has

B. They have

C. It remains

D. There remains

21、Please do me a favor-- _______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

A. to invite

B. inviting

C. invite

D. invited

22、He had no idea of what he should say in answer to the question, ________ ?

A. did he

B. should he

C. didn’t he

D. shouldn’t he

句子结构与成分易错大盘点

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(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构

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英语句子成分及结构专题

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基本句型: 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”,也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式,能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种:1.主—动—补(SVC)结构:在SVC结构中,谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句: That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构:在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句: Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.

3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb),随后必须跟宾语,带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句: I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4.主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth. 在SVoO结构中,及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语),这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语(一般指人)O:直接宾语(一般指物)例句: I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示,出示,指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条,便条). (Someone left this note to you.) I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)

句子成分和句子结构

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初中英语句子成分及其五种基本结构

句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) Three were absent.(数词作主语) To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语) 注意 不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.) 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语) She looks well.(系动词作谓语) We study hard.(实义动词作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语) 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.(形容词作表语) I am a teacher.(名词作表语) Everybody is here.(副词作表语) They are at home now.(介词短语作表语) My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语) 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语) He often helps me.(代词作宾语)

句子成分及结构

日骋教育教辅讲义 学生姓名:就读学校:教材版本:总课次: 任课教师:敖财芹补习科目:课程分班:上课时间: 课题: 句子成分 一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.(名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep.(形容词) The picture is on the wall.(介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)

不定式) The question is whether they will come.(表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉) …. It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 三、宾语: 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?

句子结构与成分过关测试

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英语句子成分和句子结构分析

英语句子成分和句子结 构分析 Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1 认识语法 一、英语语法分为两大部分 词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句) 01词法(微观遣词) 1.实词:有实际意义的词。 名词n.:表事物名称 动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。 vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语 vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语 形容词adj.:修饰n. 副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子 代词Pron.:代替n. 数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词) 2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。 介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系 连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系 冠词art.:在n.前,限定n. 感叹词int.:表达感叹 02句法(宏观造句) 1.句子的成分 2.句子结构 3.句子的变化 4.句子的功能 5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句 6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句 二、语法四大原则 1.词性决定词用 2.同类同用 同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致 3.动词即句魂 句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词 4.举一反三 由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。语法精讲2 句子的成分 主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语

次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语 主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。 The sun(名词n.) rises in the east. W e(代词pron.) are friends T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history. S eeing(动名词) is believing T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句 I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持 句子平衡 谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English! I can(情态动词)do it! I don’t(助动词)know! H e is(系动词)asleep. 宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。 I play with him(代词) I like china(名词) H ow many do you need——we need two(数词) I enjoy working with you(动名词) I hope to see you again(不定式) D id you write downwhat he said(句子) U nder the snow(介宾短语),there are many rocks. H e gave me(间接宾语)a book(直接宾语) yesterday 表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任。凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方,后面必定带着表语 He is a teacher(名词) Seventy-four !you don’t look it(代词) F ive and five is ten(数词) H e is asleep(形容词) T his picture is on the wall(介词短语) M y watch is missing/lost (形容词化的分词) T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式) T he question is whether they will come(句子) 语法精讲3 定语:用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 H e is a clever boy T his is an apple tree

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 主语+不及物动词She came.. 主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. 主语+系动词+主语补语 She is happy. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. (There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 名/代--动词--名/代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

句子成分与句子结构

语法复习----句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 一.主语(Subject) ?是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词等充当。例如: 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 二.谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词(或动词短语)充当,一般放在主语之后,并且由时态和语态(即主动语态和被动语态)来决定谓语的形式。 He practices running every morning. The pla ne took off at ten o’clock. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 三.宾语 宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。 例如:1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2. He is thinking of a difficult problem. 宾语可以用名词、代词、动名词、不定式和名词化的形容词等来充当。 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. ?双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语) To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等 如:He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等 如:She bought a gift for her mother ?下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, choose, , want, desire demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, wish, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse等 ?下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid, advise, suggest, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise等 ?下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如stop, mean, remember, forget, regret等。四.表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等表示。 1.Our English teacher is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.The students are excited. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby is playing football. 8.The meeting is of great importance.

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