研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 10 Submitting Paper
Unit Ten Submitting Paper
Objectives
- Know the paper processing procedures
- Become aware of politeness in letter writing
- Write a submission cover letter and reply to the decision letter
Contents
- Reading and discussion: A submission cover letter and a decision letter.
- Language focus: politeness
- Writing practice: submission cover letter; reply to a decision letter; inquiry letter 1.Reading Activity
Your research paper is finished. The next step is to submit the paper to a suitable academic journal. This unit aims to show you the review procedure, hopefully bring you an awareness of two language features of academic writing, and finally help you correspond with the edit-in-chief on your own.
1.1Pre-reading Task
Before you learn the detailed information, please discuss the following questions.
What should you consider about the journal you are going to submit the paper to?
What should you do to your paper before submission?
What should be included in your submission E-mail?
How can we sound polite when we write the submission cover letter and reply to the decision letter?
1.2Reading Passages
Letter 1--A submission cover letter
Dear Dr. James Joyce,
This is a manuscript entitled "A NOVEL ROOT-END FILLING MATERIAL BASED ON HYDROXYAPATITE, TETRACALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND
POLYACRYLIC ACID " by Ling Huchong and Qiao Feng from State Key
Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. It is submitted to be
considered for publication as an "Original Article" in your journal.
No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part.
In this work, we developed a novel filling material
hydroxyapatite/tetracalcium phosphate/polyacrylic acid cement (HA/TTCP/PAA), and further examined its chemical composition, physical properties and
cytotoxicity in comparison with glass ionomer cement (GIC) and Portland cement (PC). I hope this paper is suitable for “INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC
JOURNAL”.
The following is a list of possible reviewers for your consideration:
1) Professor Duan Yu E-mail: duanyu@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
2) Professor Shi Tai E-mail: shitai@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
We deeply appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers. If you have any queries,
please don’t hesitate to contact me at the address below.
Enclosed please find the paper.
Thank you and best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Ling Huchong
Corresponding author:
Prof. Dr. Qiao Feng
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
Southeast University
Nanjing 210096
P.R. China
Tel: (+8625) 12345678
Fax: (+8625) 12345678
E-mail: qiaofeng@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
1.3Reading Comprehension
1.3.1List the contents that should be included in letter 1.
①___________________________________________________________________
②___________________________________________________________________
③___________________________________________________________________
④___________________________________________________________________
⑤___________________________________________________________________
⑥___________________________________________________________________
Letter 2----A decision letter
From:iejeditor@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
To:Qiao Feng@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
CC:Ling Huchong@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
Subject:Manuscript ID IEJ-12-00123, International Endodontic Journal
Body:
Dear Dr. Qiao,
Manuscript ID: IEJ-12-00123
Manuscript Title: Hydroxyapatite/Tetracalcium Phosphate/Polyacrylic Acid Cement:
Chemical-Physical Properties and Cytotoxicity
I have received the comments of the referees(s) and decided that your manuscript requires
major changes and then go through the refereeing process again. However, please note that
resubmitting your manuscript does not guarantee eventual acceptance.
Should you wish to revise and resubmit your manuscript, please revise your paper taking
into account any points they have raised - their comments can be found at the end of this
email. Also double check that in the body of the text and in the Reference section the
names of authors are spelt correctly including any non-English characters where
appropriate.
You will be unable to make your revisions online using the originally submitted version of
the manuscript. Instead, revise your manuscript on your PC/MAC using your word
processing programme and save it on your computer. Please highlight the changes to your
manuscript within the document by using the "track changes" mode in MS Word or
equivalent.
To upload your revised manuscript, log on to https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,/iej and
enter your Author Centre, where you will find your original manuscript title listed under "Manuscripts with Decisions". Under "Actions," click on "Create a Revision". Your manuscript number has been appended to denote a revision.
When submitting your revised manuscript, you will be able to respond to the comments made by the referees(s) in the space provided. You can use this space to document any changes you have made to the original manuscript. Please be as specific as possible in your response to the referee(s).
I look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.
Kind regards
Paul Dummer
Editor-in-Chief,International Endodontic Journal
iejeditor@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,
Editor comments to authors:
Editor
Comments to the Author:
(There are no comments.)
Referee(s) comments to authors:
Referee: 1
Comments to Author
Title: Hydroxyapatite/Tetracalcium Phosphate/Polyacrylic Acid Cement:
Chemical-Physical Properties and Cytotoxicity
This manuscript introduces the reader to a new retrograde filling material and describes the tests that were conducted and the comparison to currently used materials. The section Discussion was well done and discussed the relevance of each test to published research as well as relevant clinical applications.
It would be helpful if the title would reflect that this report is on a root end filling material.
General comment. The entire manuscript needs to be edited for proper use of the English language and syntax.
Introduction
The sentence: “However, its defects prohibit clinical applications…..”. The word “defect” is an odd choice. “shortcomings” would be more appropriate.
The sentence: “To overcome these disadvantages, a new material,
hydroxyapatite/tetracalcium
phosphate/polyacrylic acid cement (HA/TTCP/PAA), with optimum properties, has been developed.”
Authors you are reporting on your findings of your novel cement but already conclude in this Introduction that it has “optimum properties”. At best you can state that it was your intent to develop a material with optimum or improved properties.
Authors: Check instructions for authors for the required journal format for referring to the published literature.
Materials and Methods
The sentence: “The HA/TTCP/PAA paste was mixed….and the mixed wit h distilled water…” Authors, after you have crushed the powders it makes no sense to describe the HA/TTCP/PAA as a paste.
“The paste of HA/TTCP/PAA, GIC and GPC were placed into a plastic plate… 37°C in 100%” Authors, use better description than “plastic plate”.
“The final setting time was the average result of five sample specimens.” The words sample and specimens are synonymous.
“Compressive strength was calculated from the mean value of five samples of each group”. You probably mean to say that the m ean value for each group was derived from the 5 samples.
“The materials were set in the molds for 24 h at 37°C in 100%humidity”. The meaning the materials were set is not clear. Please explain this method better.
“The HA/TTCP/PAA, GIC and GPC pastes we re manually shaped separately into an 8 mm diameter ball within 1 min….” Authors, it would be better to describe this as follows: At standard liquid/powder ratios each material was mixed and immediately, but within 1 min, manipulated into a ball.
Although the test that was described lacks any scientific foundation, the figures were convincing.
“The unreactive supernatants in the well were carefully sucked off, and 600 μL ….” Authors, use a better word than “sucked off” to remove the supernatants.
Washout resistance test
“The washout resistance result for the HA/TTCP/PAA showed no noticeable disintegration (figure 4); however, GIC paste balls had a large amount of debris…”
Replace the word “debris”. The actual release of particles or dissolution of the GIC cannot be called debris.
“Different from HA/TTCP/PAA, GIC was water sensitive during setting phase, which was supported in the present study by a large sum of debris around its paste ball in PBS, and suggested in Earl and Ibbetson’s study by its easy damage in the early moist setting (Bodrumlu 2008)”. This reviewer does not understand the connection between Earl and Ibbetson’s study and the reference made to Bodrumlu. Please clarify.
The figures have no numbers. See pages 19-23 of the pdf.
Referee: 2
Comments to Author
March 24, 2012
Title: Hydroxyapatite/Tetracalcium Phosphate/Polyacrylic Acid Cement:
Chemical-Physical Properties and Cytotoxicity
Ms. #: IEJ-12-00-00123
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Writing: Word use and grammar are at journal standards and need to be improved throughout.
Organization: Good
Other: Avoid the use of +/- to express variation. The preferred method is mean (stdev). For example: 11.0 (0.8) min. The discussion is too long and over-zealous relative to the experimental data (see specifics below).
CONTENT
Title
1. OK
Abstract
1. The conclusion statement should be modified to say that it has low cytotoxicity. Biocompatibility was not adequately evaluated to make the current statement. Also should say it IS promising, not MAYBE promising. The latter makes no sense.
Introduction
1. OK, except for the writing inadequacies.
Methods
1. p. 5, ll. 22: It is unclear how the washout test was quantified. Please describe more thoroughly.
2. p. 5, ll. 11: How do the authors know that the Et2O treatment didn't affect the biological properites of the the materials? It seems it would have been better
3. p. 5, MTT assay. The 5 mg/mL concentration exposed to L929 for 4 h can be cytotoxic by itself. How did the authors control for this potential problem?
Results
1. Fig, p. 20 (pH). Statistical analyses need to be shown on this graph.
2. Fig. p. 22 (cytotoxicity). These figures are too small for me to really evaluate thoroughly.
3. Table 1: heading suggests that setting times are compare, but I believe this is an error. It seems that only CS is compared. Please check.
Discussion/Conclusions
1. First paragraph, p. 8 (setting). This paragraph seems speculative and askance of the experimental data for the most part. Please rewrite to relate more specifically to the XRD and IR data.
2. Paragraph , p. 9 (washout). This paragraph also is speculative and the analysis exceeds the experimental data. The best that can be said here is that the HA/TTCP/PAA cement shows promised in terms of its relative wash-out resistance.
3. Paragraph, p. 9/10 (pH). This text cannot be evaluated without statistical analysis of the data.
4. Biocompatibility (p. 10). The authors have done 2 tests, but they are really measuring the same thing they way they were performed (both assess the cell mass). Thus the discussion claims are overstated in terms of the utility of these two tests. A more
convincing story would be to evaluate the materials much longer-term (say after 4 weeks
or longer). This should be mentioned in the discussion-- many individual have published
results with longer terms.
5. Conclusions: are overstated. The authors should restrict their claims to say that the new
material shows promise relative to GIC and GPC. Little is possible to conclude beyond
that!
References
1. OK
Illustrations (and Tables)
Table 1: eliminate +/- signs and replace as suggested above. Transpose table to put the
times along the top and the materials down the side. More effective.
Fig 1: Helpful to vertically spread out the figure so that there is more space between traces
at different times.
Fig 2: wavenumber labels are too crowded to bottom curve. Add space.
Fig. 3: Add stats to graph. I suggest that this would be better plotted as a line graph (pH vs.
time), and avoid all the different column fills and crowded legend, which are very
distracting.
Fig. 4. Unclear what the top vs. bottom rows are without looking at caption. Please label.
Fig. 5 ab. Separate these into separate figures. Make them bigger, please. Complete the
graph frame. Eliminate box around the legend. Space between numbers and units on the
x-axes. (e.g. 48 h, not 48h). Use of lowercase letter labels would be more effective than all
the lines to show statistical differences.
Date Sent:03-Apr-2012
1.3.2Understanding letter 2
Main idea:____________________________________________________________ The author should
①___________________________________________________________________
②___________________________________________________________________
③___________________________________________________________________
④___________________________________________________________________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,nguage Focus：Politeness
2.1 Highlight the polite expressions in the two letters.
2.2 Make a response to the reviewer's comments in a polite way. The following sentence patterns are only for reference.
We are very sorry for our negligence of ………
We are very sorry for our incorrect writing ………
It is really true as Reviewer suggested that……
We have made correction according to the Reviewer’s comments.
We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion
As Reviewer suggested that……
Considering the Reviewer’s suggestion, we have ……
Special thanks to you for your good comments.
1. The entire manuscript needs to be edited for proper use of the English language and syntax.
_____________________________________________________________________
2.Check instructions for authors for the required journal format for referring to the published literature.
_____________________________________________________________________
3.Avoid the use of +/- to express variation.
__________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Writing project
3.1The following is a cover letter template for submission of new manuscripts.
Please write a cover letter for submission of your own research paper with this template.
A cover letter template for submission of new manuscripts
Dear Dr. Kravitz and Dr. Feldman,
Paragraph 1: Overview (Article title, type, design, major finding)
“We are pleased to submit our manuscript entitled: “XXX”, for consideration as a [journal article type – for instance, original article or systematic review]. [Include one sentence on study design, where relevant. Example follows]. “This study is a retrospective cohort study, comparing X outcomes of Y patients from Z health systems, from 19XX to 20XX. We found/illustrate [major finding or conclusion].”
Paragraph 2: Context: Some authors will not need this paragraph.
Ask yourself, what information would aid the editors in their decision-making process? Are there contextual factors that might inform the editors? Items for this paragraph might include potential conflicts, concurrent submissions from the same dataset, interested
groups/history, and what this manuscript contributes to the field beyond work published, submitted, or in preparation by your group.
Examples:
?Manuscripts from the same data set being submitted somewhere else, or you are planning to submit a related article elsewhere (all media types). This helps us think about your study in context.
“This manuscript is one of three papers describing the major findings of our study on XXXX outcomes in HIV populations. One paper on biologic outcomes XXX is under review at XXX journal, while another qualitative paper describing the experience of men and women undergoing XXX treat ment is under preparation for submission to XXX. The XXX funder’s website has published an abstract with preliminary data from our annual report.”
?How work was developed (i.e. an organization encouraged project for a specific purpose].
“This secondary data analysis is culled from a prior study of quality of XXX care [reference] . . . and was triggered by work I had done for the Department of Health. They wanted to put navigators in place to reduce delays in XXX process in state hospitals but had no recent data about actual times to treatment. When we looked at our data, we were surprised to find that women with Medicaid did not receive worse care than women with commercial or Medicare insurance...”
Appendices that you have included for online publication only.
“Given space restrictions, we have included our survey instruments and an extended set of blinded qualitative comments for inclusion as online appendices. Additionally, I’m enclosing a multi-media DVD that can be uploaded to the publisher’s website. The login and password for this curriculum are….”
Paragraph 3: Importance
Why should this manuscript be published in ***? Why will our readers be interested? What is the potential impac t of your work (don’t overstate it)? What is the unique contribution of your work to what is known about this topic? This should be 1-4 sentences. All authors should include this information.
Paragraph 4: Current submission and prior presentation disclosure
“This manuscript has not been previously published and is not under consideration in the same or substantially similar form in any other peer-reviewed media.” If relevant: “We presented an earlier version of the manuscript as a poster/plenary/workshop at the [conference name] in [location], in 20XX.”
Paragraph 5: Authorship and conflicts
Acknowledge authorship and conflicts appropriately. From the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (https://www.360docs.net/doc/d38113401.html,): Authorship credit should be based on 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3.
“All authors listed have contributed sufficiently to the project to be included as authors, and all those who are qualified to be authors are listed in the author byline. To the best of our knowledge, no conflict of interest, financial or other, exists. We have included acknowledgements, conflicts of interest, and funding sources after the discussion. [Where relevant, include your NIH study registry number.] Our NIH study registry number is XXX.”
Sincerely,
Corresponding author
Contact information (title, group affiliation, physical address, email, phone, fax) Back-up contact (name, phone, email)
Dear
3.2Write a cover letter to reply to letter 2.
3.3You submitted your paper "A NOVEL ROOT-END FILLING MATERIAL
BASED ON HYDROXYAPATITE, TETRACALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND POLYACRYLIC ACID "(ID: IEJ-12-00123) 2 month ago, but the status has been "with editor" for 1 month. Write an inquiry letter of the review.
4.Final Checklist
This checklist is for you to make sure that you are ready to submit the paper or make the revision. Tick the item if it is done.
1 Does your submission cover letter include author information,
declaration, and paper title?
2 Is your research focus highlighted?
3 Is your paper enclosed in the E-mail?
4 Are you polite in cover letter writing?
5 Do you understand the editor's decision?
6 Do you understand details of reviewers' suggestions?
7 Do you make point-to-point revision to your paper?
8 Are you polite in response to the reviewer's comments, even if you do
not agree with them?
英语写作总结
关于六级和考研作文 对于考研和六级的你们而言，作文只有一次，所以不要害怕自己用滥一些表达 方式。一下给大家的建议和词汇并非最难的，但是本人以为最实用的,如有遗漏 和不足，欢迎补充。 1.考前反复熟记框架，挑选5个单词和2个表达方式强制自己在文中使用 2.用上非谓语结构，以及经典的介词词组远远比从句更吸引人。太复杂的表达 不要用，容易错，也容易表意不明。（强调句不错，可以使用） 一．普通词替换 1．Remarkable（显著的，显赫的，替换significant） 2．Dramatically（戏剧性地，这个单词用的人很多了，可以不用） 3．Durable/enduring（持续的，恒久的，很实用的单词） 4．Overwhelming（常用语overwhelming majority<绝大多数>，或者表示“不可抵挡”） 5．Incredible/unbelievable（不可思议的，难以置信的，非常推荐使用这个形容词） 6．Tranquil（安静的，代替peaceful，高级词汇） 7．Simultaneously（同时地，代替meanwhile，很实用很推荐） 8．Fulfill（代替finish，还可以表示更高端的“实现”等意义） 9．Whereas（表转折，非常推荐，but的意思） 10．Witness（句子倒转使用，“见证了…”也可代替see，很推荐） 11．Sophisticated（复杂的，世故的） 12．Alarming（震惊的，一般表示数字，也可以用it really shocks me that…） 13．Decent/elegant/dignity（尊严，得体的，高雅的，高贵的类似意思） 14．Self系列（self-esteem, self-improvement等） 15．Manifold（多方面的，各种各样的，代替various） 16．Manifest（显示，体现出，代替indicate或show） 17．Affirm（断言，声称，还有assert和allege） 18．Prevailing（代替popular，流行的，还有epidemic不常用） 19．Endeavour（努力，很实用的单词，endeavor to do）
考研英语写作20个高级表达方式
考研英语写作20个高级表达方式 2015考研英语写作20个高级表达方式。考研英语作文写作中，出彩的表达，总是会让阅卷老师眼前一亮，瞬间赢得老师的好感，下面小编就为大家整理了20个闪光的表达方法，供大家参考，预祝大家考试顺利! challenging and demanding experience人生中最幸福的就是身体健康 充满挑战和要求极高的经历 of fulfillment 满足感 不言自明 compliance with 遵守 5.…have the potential to boost …有潜能提升… and downsides 利弊 and refreshed 精力充沛，神清气爽 慎重 havoc on 对…造成损失 from …除开 support 坚定不移的支持 12. be conducive and instrumental to …对…有好处 合理 desirable trait 优点 15. adversity and hardship 逆境和苦难 16. strive for 为了…努力 17. Aspire to do sth 努力做… 18. attainment 成就
19. perseverance and persistence 坚持 20. Action enables us to transform our aspirations froma state of latent potentiality into one of manifest reality. 行动能让我们潜在的愿望变成现实; 凯程教育张老师整理了几个节约时间的准则：一是要早做决定，趁早备考;二是要有计划，按计划前进;三是要跟时间赛跑，争分夺秒。总之，考研是一场“时间战”，谁懂得抓紧时间，利用好时间，谁就是最后的胜利者。 1.制定详细周密的学习计划。 这里所说的计划，不仅仅包括总的复习计划，还应该包括月计划、周计划，甚至是日计划。努力做到这一点是十分困难的，但却是非常必要的。我们要把学习计划精确到每一天，这样才能利用好每一天的时间。当然，总复习计划是从备考的第一天就应该指定的;月计划可以在每一轮复习开始之前，制定未来三个月的学习计划。以此类推，具体到周计划就是要在每个月的月初安排一月四周的学习进程。那么，具体到每一天，可以在每周的星期一安排好周一到周五的学习内容，或者是在每一天晚上做好第二天的学习计划。并且，要在每一天睡觉之前检查一下是否完成当日的学习任务，时时刻刻督促自己按时完成计划。 方法一：规划进度。分别制定总计划、月计划、周计划、日计划学习时间表，并把它们贴在最显眼的地方，时刻提醒自己按计划进行。 方法二：互相监督。和身边的同学一起安排计划复习，互相监督，共同进步。 方法三：定期考核。定期对自己复习情况进行考察，灵活运用笔试、背诵等多种形式。 2.分配好各门课程的复习时间。 一天的时间是有限的，同学们应该按照一定的规律安排每天的学习，使时间得到最佳利用。一般来说上午的头脑清醒、状态良好，有利于背诵记忆。除去午休时间，下午的时间相对会少一些，并且下午人的精神状态会相对低落。晚上相对安静的外部环境和较好的大脑记忆状态，将更有利于知识的理解和记忆。据科学证明，晚上特别是九点左右是一个人记忆力最好的时刻，演员们往往利用这段时间来记忆台词。因此，只要掌握了一天当中每个时段的自然规律，再结合个人的生活学习习惯分配好时间，就能让每一分每一秒都得到最佳利用。 方法一：按习惯分配。根据个人生活学习习惯，把专业课和公共课分别安排在一天的不同时段。比如：把英语复习安排在上午，练习听力、培养语感，做英语试题;把政治安排在下午，政治的掌握相对来说利用的时间较少;把专业课安排在晚上，利用最佳时间来理解和记忆。 方法二：按学习进度分配。考生可以根据个人成绩安排学习，把复习时间向比较欠缺的科目上倾斜，有计划地重点复习某一课程。 方法三：交叉分配。在各门课程学习之间可以相互穿插别的科目的学习，因为长时间接受一种知识信息，容易使大脑产生疲劳。另外，也可以把一周每一天的同一时段安排不同的学习内容。 凯程教育： 凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
考研英语写作小作文之备忘录
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、教学设计适合学生、贴近生活在教学设计上体现了继承与发扬、改革与创新的特点。 主要表现：一是不以讲为主，以师生对话为主要学习方式；二是注重学生活动的设计，让学生尽可能参与到学习过程之中、三是课堂教学的重要内容。 百度四是贴近学生、贴近社会、贴近生活；五是学习方法的多样性，如看、听、说、议、练、读等；六是创设语言学习环境，为学生学习英语有力支持；七是教学目标定位准确，并在教学过程中得到具体落实；八是教学源于课本又不局限于课本，学生学的有趣和轻松通过这次听课，我开阔了眼界，看到了自己的不足，以及自己与优秀教师的差距，同时我对自己也提出了许多问题去思考，怎样让自己的语言更优美？怎样让孩子喜欢上课？怎样培养孩子的能力？相信通过自己的不断努力，一定能拉近距离，不断进步！篇二：英语教学心得体会崖湾小学汝梅菊转眼，第二个学期过去了一半，隆冬即将陪伴着寒风中读书的学子和日夜忙碌的园丁。 砖头回顾这一学年的教学，我欣喜、失落，充满期望、又无比彷徨；从教这半年多，不仅有收获，也有许多困惑，这或许是新教师在自我成长中所必须经历的吧。 在这一学年中，我平常担任的是英语和数学两门学科。 下面我主要谈谈自己在英语教学方面的一些感受。 平时教学中，我以走进课堂，走进学生，运用各种手段，激发学
考研英语作文
考研英语写作精彩高频词句 钱希 这些都是从今年3月到现在微博更新的考研写作素材（从后往前整理的），全部粘贴下来居然有这么多，先放上来，供各位同学参考，不止适用于考研，最后会归类整理到自己正在编写的书中。其实，积少成多，如果你今年三月就跟着Shirley老师来准备作文，是不是到现在应该是得心应手，驾轻就熟了呢？ ＜考研英语大作文--创新＞It is universally acknowledged that innovation plays an irreplaceable role in boosting growth of individuals as well as enterprises. Without this quality, one can do nothing but imitate and duplicate others. By no means will they acquire originality and become successful. The trend of copycat product is a case in point. The spirit of innovation should be massively advocated by various media and responsible educators especially among the youngsters. ＜考研英语写作一大作文--诚信＞主要包括商业，人际交往和学术，有些素材都是前期讲过的。不法商人lawbreaking merchants 唯利是图profit-oriented 不择手段by hook or crook 政策性缺陷policy bug 损害消费者利益spoil consumers' interest 阻碍经济发展hinder/impede economic development Only when the authorities concerned issue counter laws and regulations, can the vicious trend of incredibility be curbed and can the citizens feel sense of security, which is regarded as an essential need for human beings. Some businessmen resort to every trick to make profits, which contributes to the emergence of fake and inferior products. Therefore, the interest of consumers has been undermined. Lack of credibility may lead to failure in every aspect and level. As to an individual, he may lose friends and partners. As to a company, it may lose customers and employees. As to a nation, it may lose attraction and respect. Credibility precedes a lot of virtues in the sphere of business. Reaping profits at the expense of others is unacceptable, which is bound to cause failure. ＜考研英语大作文--道德＞见义勇为never hesitate to do what is right 予人玫瑰，手有余香rose to others, scent left in hand. 传统美德time-honored virtue 帮助弱势群体offer aid to the underprivileged 慈善事业cause of charity 义工voluntary work见死不救stand aside when
研究生学术英语作文
Evaluation of the Effect of AIDS Health Education on College Students in Nanjing Fang Kun 152899;Wang Chongxu 152895; Song Yue 152894; Deng Lin 152898; Chen Chen 152922; LvRongrong 152921 ; Cheng Xiaoqing 152903
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this research is to know college students’ knowledge, attitude and behavior about AIDS in Jiangsu province, so we can evaluate the effect of AIDS intervention to provide evidence for AIDS public education more effectively in the future. Methods: We educated college students of six pilot universities by playing the videos and sending health education prescription as the main way of risk warning education. We selected students from each college randomly as evaluation object, the questionnaire mainly included students’ basic information, AIDS related knowledge and sexual health.Descriptive analysiswas conducted to analysis s tudents’ basic situation and the sexual health conditions,chi-square test was used to analysis the difference of the education on HIV/AIDS related knowledge, awareness and attitude. Results: After education, the awareness level of the basic knowledge of AIDS in all students increased from 69.05% to 82.15%(Χ2=147.335,P<0.001), but the level of awareness of the students varied from school to school, and there is a big space for improvement in each school; Introduction of the programme witnessed a dramatic change in the students’ attitudes towards AIDS. For instance, the answers of“students’attitudes towards the importance of teaching AIDS related education in schools,someone suspected of being infected with the AIDS/HIV virus will immediately do the antibody detection test or not and the willingness to use condom during the sexual encounter” ha ve proportionally increased in the positive direction. Conclusion: The evaluation results show that the pilot educational activities have made significant effect. Although promotion of AIDS education in the colleges has proven to be fruitful, beneficial and worthy enough but some part of the education still needs to be improved and strengthened. Key words: College students; AIDS; Intervention; Effects
创新_考研英语作文
创新_考研英语作文 With the economic globalization becoming increasingly intensive, invention or innovation has become one of central topic around the world. Many countries see it as the key to develop their economy. Our government, with no exception, regard it as “ the soul of our nation.” What, however, can we benefit from it? First of all, invention or innovation can enhance overall national economy, which is important to heighten our nation status in the world. Additionally, if factories have the abilities in invention, the factories will be booming. As a result, they can provide our people with more jobs and it will make our nation more stable. What is more, a majority of new products may be avaible through invention. Therefore, it is also significant factor for improving our living standards. Owing to such benefits, no wonder more and more countries focus on invention today. Recognizing its importance is only the fist step to advocate invetion or innovation, and some effective measures should be taken for it. For one thing, our authority should continue to enlarge the recruit of graduate. For another, the conditions of scientists and skilled workers should be further improved. Only in this way, can “the soul of our nation” be fully embodied and our nation have a brighter future. 三大类考研英语作文模板 第一类：图表作文 第一段: （３句话） 曲线图、柱形图、表格图： 1. 图表内容：What is illustrated above shows usclearly that dramatic changes have taken place with regard to主题性名词. 2. 总体变化：According to the figures given inthe diagram(图)/table(表), the past xx years have witnessed thissteady rise/decrease. 3. 具体数据：In the year of xxxx, there was/were（描述首年的数量，比如there were 7,000people using cell phones）.However, by the year of xxxx, the number has attained/dropped to xxxx. 若有饼图，加（一般不会单独考，以附加形式出现）： As shown in the pie, the number of (主题性名词(阴影部分)，如：seniorcitizens) has reached xxx, which accounts for xx% of 主题性名词（大饼），如：Chinesepopulation). 第二段：可以写影响或者原因，二者选一： 影响： So far as I’m concerned, I believe thatsuch phenomenon will give rise to a series of consequences. First and foremost,it will exert a far-reaching / negative impact on 名词, 如：livingenvironment ; A casein point is that 简单句型（如：we have only one earth. 这点是例子，(英语作文)可写可不写）; Besides, it may bring about aconsiderable change/damage to_名词,如: environmentdegradation .One more point that can’t be ignored is that简单句型. 原因：
考研 (英语一)写作大作文范文及思路
一、图画作文 1.写作攻略 图画作文是较难的题型之一，近几年考研英语写作试题均为图画题型，因此考生应该特别认真地对待。这类题一般要求考生仔细看图，根据题目要求写成自己的作文。实际上，图画作文也可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写。第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括就可以)，第二段分析原因，最后一段发表评论或提出建议，其中第二、三段应该是写作的重点。面对此类题型，考生应首先确定主题，然后再动笔。具体写作要点： (1) 仔细研究作文指令，弄清楚作文的要求，是否有标题？是否有提纲？然后从题目中找出中心词，分析修饰词，准确地抓住题目的中心思想。 (2)认真解读图画，因为图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其要注意图画中人或物(人与物)的体貌表情特征和背景，确定人物之间，人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。 (3)如果图画以系列形式(既两幅以上)出现，考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外，还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所理解，在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。 (4)面对图画作文，考生应该展开合理而丰富的联想，用生动恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思、所想、所感。 (5)注意图画作文中的文字说明。文字说明非常重要，通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点，考生在看说明时要看清主、谓、宾，正确理解说明的意义。 (6)草拟提纲，合理组织材料。根据图画内容的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。如图画式作文写作多要求进行描写图画。对于漫画式写作，漫画描写本身并不重要，但文章的寓意却要力求准确，不要拖泥带水。 (7)系统且突出地展开段落。展开段落要根据画面内容进行，最好能围绕每一段的主题句进行。 (8)检查与修改。考生应重点检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来，题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在与画面不相符的内容，或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示，考生应对文章做出相应修订。 2.必背模版句型 As is described in the picture... 这幅图描述了…… The purpose of the picture is to show us that... 这幅图的目的是为了给我们展示…… We can deduce form this picture that... 从这幅图中我们可以推断…… The picture indicates / conveys the meaning that 这幅图指出/传达…… More and more people have come to realize... 越来越多的人已经意识到…… Now it is commonly held that... but I doubt whether... 现在大家都普遍认为……，但我怀疑…… As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between... and ... 从图中我们可以清楚的看到……和……的关系。 No wonder most see the problem of... as that of ... rather than that of... 难怪大多数人把……看成……的问题，而不是……的问题。
研究生学术英语写作答案2
Part 2 unit 1 P.109 Exercise A Text A is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text B jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with. Exercise B 1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized. 2.That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing a nd access to basic amenities. 3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries. 4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem. 5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem. 6.The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem. Exercise C 1—2句：描述情况 3—4句：甄别问题 5—6句：描述解决方法7句：评估解决方法 Exercise D 1. brought on --- caused 2. looking into --- investigating 3. figure out --- determine 4. come up with --- develop 5. make up--- constitute 6. get rid of --- eliminate 7. gone up to --- reached 8. keep up --- maintain 9. gone down --- decreased 10. looks over --- reviews Exercise E 1. created / developed 2. encountered / faced 3. raised / introduced 4. appeared / emerged 5. examined / investigated Exercise F