聚磷酸铵肥料生产工艺及其关键性状表征

聚磷酸铵肥料生产工艺及其关键性状表征

亢龙飞1,褚贵新1,2

(1.石河子大学农学院新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子

832000;

2.绍兴文理学院环境科学与工程系,浙江绍兴312000)

[摘

要]短链聚磷酸铵因具有养分含量高、螯合性和缓释性好等优点,近年来迅速进入肥料领域。目前聚磷

酸铵肥料存在生产制备工艺不成熟、性状表征不统一和转化水解机制不明确等问题,影响了其推广应用。对尿素缩合法和氨气聚合法2大类6小类合成工艺进行比较分析,探讨聚磷酸铵肥料的关键性状聚合度及其分布和聚合率测定方法,并对聚磷酸铵肥料的发展进行总结和展望。

[关键词]聚磷酸铵肥料;制备工艺;聚合度;聚合率

[中图分类号]TQ126.3+5

[文献标志码]A

[文章编号]1007-6220(2018)09-0013-06

Manufacturing process of APP fertilizer and its key properties characterization

KANG Longfei 1,CHU Guixin 1,

2

(1.Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture,

College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China ;2.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,

Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,China )

Abstract :Due to the characterized advantages such as high nutrient content,strong chelating capability and nutrient slow-releasing rate,short chain APP has been rapidly applied in fertilizer industry in recent years.However,there are some problems including premature manufacturing process,unified method for property determination and undefined mechanisms of hydrolysis and transformation in soil,all these significantly limit APP fertilizer application in agriculture.The APP fertilizer manufacturing process of the urea condensation method is compared with the method of ammonium polymerization,and the determination method of key properties such as the polymerization degree ,the distribution of polymerization degree and polymerization rate of polyphosphate fertilizer are analyzed.In addition,the development of APP fertilizer and its application prospect in agriculture in future are summarized.

Key words :ammonium polyphosphate (APP )fertilizer;manufacturing process;polymerization degree;

polymerization rate

[收稿日期]2018-05-30

[作者简介]亢龙飞(1995-),男,陕西榆林人,硕士,主要从事作

物养分资源高效利用研究。E-mail:kanglongfeishzu@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d416526093.html,

[通信作者]褚贵新(1969-),男,新疆霍城人,教授,博士生导

师,主要从事环境微生物分子生态、植物营养生理生态及新型肥料研发。E-mail:chuguixinshzu@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d416526093.html,

[基金项目]国家自然科学基金(41161047);深圳芭田公司横向课题

目前农业生产中所施用的磷肥(如过磷酸钙和磷铵)中的磷多以正磷酸盐的形态存在,由于其施入土壤后正磷酸盐会与土壤中的Ca 2+、Fe 3+、Al 3+等金属离子反应生成沉淀,容易被固定,导致磷肥当季利用率只有5%~25%。如果考虑磷肥残效,其累积利用率也仅有68.7%左右[1]。据统计2016年我国农业磷肥施用量(折P 2O 5)为829.5万t ,是2010年农业磷肥施用量的1.7倍。随着磷肥的大量施用,必将导致肥料利用率降低和环境污染(由于土壤中磷流

失)[2]

。因此,通过研发磷肥新产品,实现新型磷肥替代传统磷肥成为当今农业发展的趋势。

近年来短链聚磷酸铵作为一种新型磷肥备受关

注[3],聚磷酸铵肥料一般是由正磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、三聚磷酸盐、四聚磷酸盐和五聚磷酸盐等多种不同聚合度的聚磷酸盐组成。聚磷酸铵肥料(聚合度<10)具有养分含量高、螯合性和缓释性好、性质稳定、水溶性好、速溶和pH 值接近中性等特点[4]。

2018年9月第33卷第9期

磷肥与复肥

Phosphate &Compound Fertilizer

13

万方数据

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