中财考博辅导班：中央财经大学考博英语真题大全

中财考博辅导班：中央财经大学考博英语真题大全

对于申博考博的笔试来说，最重要的就是练习真题。启道仲裁考博辅导班，根据理念的辅导经验，总结考博英语真题如下，仅供参考：

Part I

Vocabulary (15%)

Section A

Directions:

In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentenc e there are four

choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that completes best t he sentence

. 1. The discovery of the Americas began ____ of adventure.

A. a semester

B. a spell

C. an epoch

D. a span

2. All the ____ of the hotel were evacuated when the fire began.

A. pioneers

B. settlers

C. inhabitants

D. residents

3. The roses I left in the car yesterday started to ____ after a couple of hours in the heat.

A. wilt

B. blossom

C. bud D . bloom

4. The two runners crossed the line ____.

A. sometimes

B. simultaneously

C. frequent ly

D. henceforth

5. She was not crying but her eyes were ____.

A. arid

B. moist

C. soaked

D. dry

6. Some sportsmen ____ to relax before a contest.

A. meditate

B. predict

C. conceive

D. assume

7. When there are so many important things to be done, why does sh

e insist on so many ____

distractions?

A. drastic

B. crucial

C. vital

D. petty

8. A ____ businessman is one who destroys his competitors.

A. generous

B. spiteful

C. ruthless

D. humane

9. The price of housing has remained ____ for six months.

A. agile

B. dynamic

C. stationary

D. inert

10. With a ____ effort he won a million dollars.

A. minimal

B. diminutive

C. microscope

D. dwarf

Section B

Directions:

In this section there are 20 sentences. Each sentence has one underl ined word or

phrase. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should identify one of

the four choices which would best keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase

11. The breadfruit is a round fruit with a rough rind, and a soft pulpy inside.

A. skin

B. husk

C. shell

D.

bloom

12. Frederick E. Taylor was the pioneer of scientific management.

A. immigrant

B. inventor

C. foe

D. ally

13. The almond, native to the Mediterranean, grows abundantly in Cali fornia.

A. relative

B. pioneer

C. original

D. immigrant

14. Freshwater turtles can survive in frigid waters for three months without oxygen.

A. balmy

B. sultry

C. freezing

D. sweltering

15. The parched landscape of salt flats is often used to break worl

d land speed records.

A. dried

B. soaked

C. sultry

D. chilly

16. The fruit does well in hot and humid climates.

A. arid

B. damp

C. soaked D . desiccated

17. Sedatives calm a person without actually inducing sleep.

A. prolonging

B. subsiding

C. getting

D. causing

18. F. D. Roosevelt was the only man to have been elected president of the United States four

successive times.

A. significant

B. consecutive

C. notable

D. symmetrical

19. Aqueducts built during the Roman Empire may still be seen in ma ny parts of Europe.

A. Baths

B. Water canals

C. Roads

D. Air pipes

20. Guam, as island in the West Pacific, was ceded to the United S tates.

A. given over to

B. attacked by

C. rule

d by D. influenced by

21. Hypertension is one of the most widespread and potentially danger ous diseases.

A. colossal

B. popular

C. common

D. scattered

22. Jazz appeared as a unique form of American music in the 1920s.

A. obscure

B. scarce

C. vital

D. singular

23. Gregor Mendel conceived of the laws of heredity from observing t he growth of peas.

A. assumed

B. reminisced of

C. thought of D . meditated about

24. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an obscure writer until the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

A. anonymous

B. eminent

C. infamous

D. unknown

25. After years of work and contemplation, the Native American Sequoy ah single-handedly

invented a written language for his people.

A. worry

B. sickness

C. deep thought

D. loneliness

26. The profuse tropical forests of the Amazon are inhabited by diff erent kinds of animals.

A. wild

B. distant

C. abundant

D. immersed

27. Although Langston Hughes is better known for his poetry, he also wrote a two-volume

autobiography.

A. book about someone else’s life

B. book about his own life

C. book about many people’s lives

D. book about the life of animals

28. Paul Revere daringly rode through the New England countryside to warn the colonists.

A. benevolently

B. courageously

C. apprehe nsively

D. mercilessly

29. Ketchup was developed from a tasty, spicy Chinese sauce made of pickled fish and shellfish in

the 17th century.

A. insipid

B. flavored

C. bland

D. sour

30. Many of America’s parks and monuments have been made possible by the generous donati ons

of its citizens. A. kindhearted B. unwanted

C. selfish

D. meaningless

Part II

Cloze (10%)

Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word for each num bered blank and mark A, B,

C or

D on Answer Sheet

. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were

probably the invention of

primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows ex actly when he acquired the

use of _31_. The 32 of language is also obscure. No doubt it bega n very gradually. Animals have a few

cries that serve 33 signals, 34 even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, 35 with the most intensive profess ional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently 36 for th e mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we m ust suppose that he 37 the number of cries for different purposes . It was a great day 38 he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that 39 picture

language preceded oral language. A man 40 a picture on the wall o f his cave to show 41 direction he had gone, or42 prey he hope

d to catch. Probably pictur

e language and oral language developed sid

e by side. I am inclined to think that language 43 the most impo rtant single factor in the development o

f man. Two important stage s came not 44 before the dawn of written history. The first was th e domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture wa s 45 in human progress to which subsequently there was nothin

g compa rable 46 our own machine age. Agriculture made possible 47 immense i ncrease in the number of the human species in the regions where it could

be successfully practiced. 48 were, at first, only those in which na ture fertilized the soil 49 each harvest. Agriculture met with violen t resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of l ife prevailed in the end 50 the physical comforts it provided.

Part IV Reading

Comprehension (50%)

Directions:

Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each pas sage by

choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet

. Passage 1

The ideal companion machine –the computer –would not only look, feel, and sound friendly

but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make

interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine

would appear to be charming, and easygoing. Its informal conversationa l style would make

interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unp redictable and therefore

interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, bu t as it came to know the user it

would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine wou ld not be a passive

participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinio ns; it would sometimes take

the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.

Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if

it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is gettin g to know another. At an

appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that st

imulates attachment and intimacy.

The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid gi ving an impression of

over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After exp eriencing a wealth of powerful,

well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to ac cept the computer as far more

than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.

An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of th e benefits that people obtain

from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in intere sting conservation that

could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as

revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-h umored. The computer’s own

personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user.

With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.

51. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?

A. Active in communication.

B. Attractive inpersonality.

C. Enjoyable in performance.

D. Unpredicta ble in behavior.

52. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a(n) ______ __ way.

A. quick

B. unpredictable

C. productive

D. inconspicuous

53. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of

artificial relationships?

A. Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.

B. Being sensitive to earlier contract.

C. Being ready to learn about the person’s life.

D. Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.

54. Throughout the passage, the author is ________ in his attitude t oward the computer.

A. favourable

B. critical

C. vague

D. hesitant

55. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?

A. Artificial relationships.

B. How to form intimate relationships.

C. The affectionate machine.

D. Humans and computers.

Passage 2

The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and select ive receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as t he 1860s, there were counter movements to the traditional orientation. Yukichi Fukuzawa the most eloquent spokesman of Japan’s “Enlightenment”, claimed “The Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: sc ience in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spi ritual sphere.”Fukuzawas great influence is found in the free and individualistic philosophy of the Education Code of 1872, but he was

not able to prevent the government from turning back to the canons of Confucian thought in the Imperial Rescript of 1890. Another inte rlude of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democrati c idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Ja panese intellectuals and, especially students: but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant, largely as a result of failing economic conditions.

Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were u ndertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restr aints. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediatel y embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were domin ated by group values, and notions of personal

freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.

Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespre ad participation of the Japanese people in social and political life: yet, there is no universally accepted and stable value system. Valu es are constantly modified by strong infusions of Western ideas, both democratic and Marxist. School textbooks expound democratic principles , emphasizing equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humani stic goals of democracy into

egoistic and materialistic ones.

Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but vestiges of the old order

remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions suc h as political parties, large corporations, and university faculties i

s the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. A party leader, superviso r, or professor, in return for loyalty, protects those subordinate to him and takes general responsibility for their interests throughout their entire lives, an obligation that sometimes even extends to arra nging marriages. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his p atron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belo ng. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all i ts external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, ris ing as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter re quirement usually taking

precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people even within the same profession.

56. The author is mainly concerned with

A. explaining the influence of Confucianism on modern Japan

B. analyzing the reasons for Japan’s postwar economic success

C. discussing some important determinants of Japanese values

D. describing managerial practices in Japanese industry

57. Which of the following is most like the relationship of the oya bun-kobun described in the

passage?

A. A political candidate and the voting public.

B. A gifted scientist and his student

C. Two brothers who are partners in a business

D. A judge presiding at the trial of a criminal defendant

58. According to the passage, Japanese attitudes are influenced by th

e following factors except

________.

A. democratic ideals.

B. elem ents of modern Western culture.

C. remnants of an earlier social structure.

D. prewar ec onomic success.

59. It can be inferred that the Imperial Rescript of 1890

A. was a protest by liberals against the lack of individual libe rty in Japan.

B. marked a return in government policies to conservative values

C. implemented the ideals set forth in the Education Code of 187

2.

D. was influenced by the Leninist ideology of the Bolshevik Revol ution.

60. The tone of the passage can best be described as

A. neutral and objective

B. critical and demanding

C. enthusiastic and supportive

D. skeptical and ques tioning

Passage 3

A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.

If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most –people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes –he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes.

People with declining incomes were next and people with stable inco mes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions ab out earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go u p, they will postpone

buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true . The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an inte rview at a time of rising prices, “In a few months,”she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’

ll have less to spend on other things.”Her family had been planni ng to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’

s resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment: “I just don’

t pay these prices; they are too high.” The investigations mentione d above were carried on in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more

in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending pa tterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining

stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychol ogy.

61. According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way c onsumers will spend their money,

he should ________.

A. rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending

B. try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money

C. carry out investigations on consumer behavior and obtain da ta on consumers’incomes and

money spending motives

D. do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory

62. According to paragraph 2, research surveys have proved that _ ___.

A. price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy t hings

B. rising prices may make people put off their purchase of c ertain things

C. women are more sensitive to the rising in prices than men

D. the expectations of price increases often make buyers feel angry

63. The results of the investigations on consumer psychology carri ed out in America were ____

those of the investigations made at the same time in Great Brita in.

A. somewhat different from

B. exac tly the same as

C. much better than

D. not as good as

64. From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article ____.

A. concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great B ritain are better than those in

America

B. concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stable

C. concludes that maintaining stable prices is a correct busin ess policy

D. does not draw any conclusion

65. Which of the following statements is always true according to the surveys mentioned in the

passage?

A. Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease.

B. Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect pr ices to increase.

C. The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.

D. Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are relia ble.

Passage 4

Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a gre at deal –or at least many parts of it

have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned.

Ideas about social class –whether a person is “working-class”or “middle-class”–are one area in

which changes have been extremely slow.

In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less tha n middle-class people, such as

teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’jobs were generally much

less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical

working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having

given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander th e rest on beer and betting.

The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his mo ney was perhaps nearer the truth.

He was –and still is –inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house

as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both

of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the

opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.

Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as

much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social sec urity and laws to improve

job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of liv ing since the mid-fifties of the 20

th

century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “to morrow”. Working-class

people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has

been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-cla sses to feel slightly ashamed of

their position.

The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger

people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their

money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-ter m plans when necessary. There

seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Ne vertheless, we still have a wide

gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may hav e) and the low-paid. As long as

this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new con flicts and jealousies will emerge, or

rather than the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups.

66. Which of the following is seen as the causes of class diffe rences in the past?

A. Life style and occupation.

B. Atti tude and income.

C. Income and job security.

D. Job secur ity and hobbies.

67. The writer seems to suggest that the description of ____ is closer to truth.

A. middle-class ways of spending money

B. working-class ways of spending the weekend

C. working-class drinking habits

D. middle-class attitudes

68. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a t ypical feature of the middle-class?

A. Desiring for security.

B. M aking longterm plans.

C. Having priorities in life.

D. Sa ving money.

69. Working-class people’s sense of security increased as a result of all the following fact ors

EXCEPT ________.

A. better social security

B. more job opportunities

C. higher living standard

D. b etter legal protection

70. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the Bri tish society.

B. The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.

C. Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.

D. Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-c lass people.

Passage 5

There have been a great many explanations, some of them v ery complicated, of the great

demand for college education

in America, and they are probably all true in some measure. An oversimplified explanation is that over the last fifty years, thre e generations of the parents of

growing children have realized that better education meant better living and, as individuals, and

through group action, have pushed and urged that facilities be ma de available. Happily the nation

has been able to provide the colleges, and the students have bee n admitted to them in

ever-increasing numbers. And the consumers of the products of educ ation –government, business

in all its forms, and labor –all welcomed the expansion of op portunity because it simplified their

problems of employing new workers, and training and placing them.

Forty years ago, when the parents of today’s high-school seniors were themselves in school, a

high-school education was enough to get ready for most occupations , and, for those occupations,

job training took place either in the high school or on the job . A college degree was necessary only

for those who wanted to

be ministers, doctors, or lawyers, high school teachers, scientists , or

scholars. Today most jobs that offer opportunity for growth and a dvancement are open only to

college graduates, for colleges have assumed the task of offering the specific preparation that is

needed. There is very little job training in high schools today. Instead they concentrate on

preparing students for college.

What has happened is that, as business, industry, government, and

the professions have

expanded, they have developed a need for many varieties of specia lists. Colleges and universities,

responding to these developments, have organized new programs of s tudy to train these specialists,

and in turn these new programs draw students who would not have gone to college forty years

ago.

For example, almost all of the college programs in business and commerce have developed

and the more advanced programs in agriculture and home economics. And there is a long list of

other offerings that were not available except in a few experimen tal programs. Accounting, social

science, various forms of administration, public hospital and publi c health medical technology,

and advanced nurses training have been developed in higher educati on within those same forty

years. And as evidence that the process is still continuing, we can see the emergence of atomic

technology, unclear engineering, computer technology, and, most rece ntly, international

administration.

71. In Paragraph 1, the word “consumers”most probably refers t o ____.

A. high-school graduates

B. colle ge graduates

C. those who employ college graduates

D. those who consume commercial goods