成人高考英语语法

成人高考英语复习

一、名词复习及配套巩固练习:

1.名词的类别

名词是人、事物或概念的名称.

1)专有名词:专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须

大写。如：the Summer palace, Beijing, Asia等.

英语

2)普通名词: 普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称.如:

worker mother paper machine hope youth

1)个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体,如: worker, father, book, tree, school等.

2)集体名词: 表示一群人或一些事物中的集合体,如：people, family, class, team等

普通名词

3)物质名词: 表示构成各种物体的物质,如：iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等.

4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念.，如：life, thought, idea, strength等. 2. 名词的数

个体名词（有单、复数形式）

可数名词集体名词（有单、复数形式）

名词物质名词

不可数名词抽象名词（只有单数形式）。

1)可数名词单数变复数：

①一般加s ：lesson → lessons, pen → pens

②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es ：buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, heroes, tomatoes,potatoes

但以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios,

photo → photos, zoo → zoos

③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i，再加es ：city → cities, story → stories (注意：days, boys)

④以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es ：knife → knives, leaf → leaves，life-lives,shelf-shelves

但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe（保险箱）→

safes, proof（证据）→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs

2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况：

①单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep

②不规则变化：man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child →

children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen 。但是，German → Germans

③复合名词的复数形式：editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up

→ grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers go- betweens(中间人)passers-by

3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题

①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如：fishes各种鱼，frui 各种水果，steels各种钢材。

②物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。

③有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如：work（工作）→ works（着作），arm（手臂）→ arms （军火），glass（玻璃）→ glasses（眼镜），cloth（布）→ clothes（衣服）。

④定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，则表示若干个姓…的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。

⑤只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics, mathematics, news, the United States

⑥有些名词形似单数，但实为复数。如：police, people, cattle

⑦有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如：class, family, couple, audience, government, public

⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（指各种具体困难）；It is a great pleasure to talk with you.；What a surprise!

注意：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异——即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双

重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换，其

词类别的转换可归纳如下：

1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词

Our school is not far from my home.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。

School is over at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。

2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词

He broke a piece of glass.（物质）他打破了一块玻璃。

He broke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。

Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)

These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

3、个体名词转专有名词

His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。

不同国家的人的单复数

名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人

中国人 a Chines the Chinese e two Chinese

瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians

俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians

意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians

希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks

法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen

日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

美国人the Americans an American two Americans

印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians

加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans

英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen

瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

3.名词的所有格

名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。

1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。如：Tom’s bike, Engles’s (Engles’) works, a works’ school,

Women’s Day, the editor-in-chief’s office

2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上

“’s”。如：Tom and Mike’s room.（共有），Tom’s and Mike’s books.（不共有）。

3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格，如：today’s papers, ten

minutes’ walk

4、在表示"某人家"，"店铺"时，所有格后面的名词常常省略：

at Mr. Green’s(在格林先生家); at my brother’s(在我兄弟家);

at the tailo r’s(在裁缝店); at the barber’s(在理发店);

at the doctor’s(在诊所)

5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如：the window of the room

6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如：the teachers of the

No. 1 Middle School.

7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，这个名词

是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有

格。如：an old friend of my uncle’s, a daughter of Mrs Green’s, the house of one of my friends

4.名词的普通格作定语

表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。

e.g. stone figures（石像）；paper money（纸币）；country music（乡村音乐）；table cloth（桌布）；river bank

（河岸）；school gate（校门口）；book stores（书店）；traffic lights（交通灯）；summer holidays（暑假）；

evening dress（晚礼服）。

但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。

e.g. sports meet（运动会）；the United States government（美国政府）；students reading-room（学生阅览室）；goods

train（货车）；two men doctors（两个男医生）。

二、冠词复习及配套巩固练习

不定冠词:a(an),(泛指).a用于辅音发音开头的词前,an用于元音发音开头的词前.

冠词 a book, a u niversity, an h our, an o ld man

定冠词:the,(特指).

1、不定冠词的基本用法：

①泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

②指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a

⑤表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

⑥表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

⑦使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）

⑧固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word ,have a good time, have a headache, a few, a great

many students, a lot of, go for a walk, have breakfast, make a decision .

2、定冠词的基本用法：

①表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded, the deaf, the dumb(哑巴),the rich.

⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths

⑩用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

⑩用于逢整十数词的复数前,定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前，表示世纪中的年代。如：

He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。

The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代。

⑿发明物,如：The compass was invented in China.

⒀年代名词前,如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

⒁固定词组中,如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

at the same time 同时????????????? by the way 顺便问一句

for the present 暂时go to the cinema 看电影

in the end 最后in the dark 在黑暗中，不知道

in the least 一点，丝毫in the open 在野外

in the past 在过去in the long run从长远来看

in the event of 万一in the morning 在上午

in the way 挡道，碍事on the whole总体上

on the other hand 另一方面on the contrary相反地

out of the question不可能的

3、不用冠词的情况：

①表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）

②不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have

any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

④季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

⑤呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

⑦节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side

by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door

（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

(10) 某些用介词 by 构成的表方式的短语通常用零冠词：

① 表示乘坐交通工具：

by bus乘公共汽车by bike (bicycle) 骑自行车by plane / by air乘飞机by ship (boat) 坐船

by land 走陆路by sea 走海路

② 表示用通讯或通信等方式：

by phon e 用电话by telegram用电报

by letter用信件by post用邮寄

by radio用无线电by hand用手工

(11)有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可，只是含义不同：

out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能，不值得考虑的

keep house 料理家务keep the house 呆在家里不外出

in charge of 负责，管理，主管in the charge of 在…的管理(负责)之下

by day在白天by the day按天计算

in case of以防in the case of就……来说

in charge of负责，管理in the charge of由……负责

in office执政in the office在办公室

in sight(of)看见in the sight(of)在……看来

go to sea去当水手go to the sea到海边去

out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能

take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告

be of age成年be of all age同龄

go to church去做礼拜go to the church去教堂

in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱

特别提示：

当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：

He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed,他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。

典例：George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr．Anderson，but Lhe was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church．

A．/；the B．the；/ C．a；/ D．/；a

【解析】C不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示“做礼拜”，at the church表示”在教堂”。故本题选C。

(12) 许多习语用零冠词：

at night在夜里；at home在家；day after day 日复一日；by telephone打电话；in danger在危险中；on purpose故意地。

catch fire 着火give way 让路lose heart 灰心

move house 搬家send word 捎信take place 发生

by chance 偶然catch sight of 看见make use of 利用

at day-break 在天亮时before dawn 在天亮前

at dusk 在黄昏时after sunset 在日落后

after sunrise 在日出前towards dark 天快黑时

at midnight 在半夜from dawn till dusk 从早到晚

高考语法通关

1．(2011·重庆调研)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest ________.

A．interruption B．instruction C．consideration D．convenience

解析：考查名词辨析。这里表示“请在你方便的时候尽早给我回复”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表达，表示“在你方便的时候请尽早”，符合语境。interruption打断；instruction 指导，指示；consideration 考虑。

答案：D

2．If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n) ________ for me.

A．puzzle B．advantage C．challenge D．average

解析：考查名词辨析。challenge 意思是“挑战”，即选择在美国学习的理由是因为这样做具有挑战性。其他选项不合语境；puzzle 意思是“困惑”；advantage 意思是“优点，优势”；average 意思是“平均数”。

答案：C

3. The conference has been held to discuss the ________ of global warming on people's lives all over the world.

A．importance B．effects C．protection D．attitudes

解析：考查名词辨析。effects 意思是“影响”，即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的影响。其他选项不合题意，importance 意思是“重要性”；protection 意思是“保护”；attitudes 意思是“态度”。

答案：B

4．(2012·芜湖模拟)We all hold the belief that ________ 2012 London Olympic Games will be ________ success.

A．/；a B．the；/ C．the；a D．a；a

解析：第一空为特指，应用定冠词the；第二空success 为抽象名词具体化，“一个成功的人或事”，应用不定冠词a，类似的词还有failure，pleasure 等。

答案：C

5．(2012·长沙期中)It's________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them________ pleasure.

A．/；a B．a；/ C．the；a D．a；the

解析：句意为：上海世博会给人们带来了欢乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。有些不可数名词，如knowledge，command，feeling等，前面有“a/an＋形容词”修饰时，表示一件具体的事情或一个……的人。pleasure意为“愉快，快乐”，为不可数名词，故不加冠词。

答案：B

6．(2012·合肥模拟)It is generally believed that teaching is ________ it is a science.

A．an art much as B．much an art as C．as an art much as D．as much an art as

解析：当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how ＋形容词(副词)＋a(an) ＋名词的形式。

答案：D

7．(2011·银川模拟)I will go to the ________ to have my hair cut.

A．barber B．barber shop C．barber's shop D．barber's

解析：句意：我要去理发店把头发剪一下。表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop，house，home 等地点名词。

答案：D

8．(2011·广州调研)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents' ________ will be to my poor examination result.

A．expression B．reaction C．appearance D．expectation

解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：我真的有点担心，因为我不知道我父母对我不好的考试结果会是什么反应。expression 表情；reaction 反应；appearance 外表；expectation 期望。

答案：B

9．(2011·西安检测)There is no________ in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.

A．doubt B．mind C．point D．wonder

解析：考查名词辨析。固定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做……是没有必要的”，其他搭配不正确，所以这里选C项。

答案：C

10．Here are some ________ for you to follow when you take a test in chemistry.

A．patterns B．tips C．topics D．efforts

解析：考查名词辨析。语境为“下面给你提出几点忠告，当你参加化学测验时应该遵循”。tip 忠告，意见；pattern 样式，花样，图案；topic 题目，论题，话题；effort 努力，尽力。

答案：B

11．(2012·苏州质检)Mr Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common________ .

A．practice B．knowledge C．experience D．duty

解析：考查名词辨析。……因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common practice 通常的做法，符合题意。

答案：A

12．(2012·杭州模拟)—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.

—In my________ ，his decision is not wise.

A．word B．view C．sight D．way

解析：考查名词。句意为：在我看来，他的决定不明智。in one's view表示“在某人看来”。

答案：B

13．(2011·徐州一模)My English teacher is really very kind.I'll never forget the________ he has done me.

A．favor B．deed C．help D．value

解析：句意为：我的英语老师实在是太好了。我永远不会忘记他对我的帮助。do sb.a favor 帮助某人。

答案：A

14．(2012·武汉联考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get________ second chance to make________ first impression.

A．a；the B．the；the C．a；a D．the；a

解析：句意为：第一印象最持久。毕竟，你不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second，在此表示再一次机会，而不是表顺序，应用不定冠词；第二空中的第一印象是泛指，也不是表示顺序，又根据题干可以判断impression 在此处是可数名词，可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词。

答案：C

15．(2012·潍坊期中)If we expect ________ much cleaner world，we should attract ________ world's attention to protecting the world.

A．a；a B．a；/ C．a；the D．the；/

解析：考查冠词。第一空为泛指，指“一个更加干净的世界”；第二空world 前通常用定冠词。

答案：C

16．We work together to achieve our common purpose：________ world that is safer，cleaner and healthier than ________ one we found.

A．the；the B．a；/ C．a；the D．the；/

解析：考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指，用不定冠词；第二空后面由we found 限定，表特指，用定冠词。

答案：C

17．(2012·青州模拟)Many lifestyle patterns do such________ great harm to health that they actually speed up________ weakening of the human body.

A．a；/ B．/；the C．a；the D．/；/

解析：句意为：很多生活方式对身体健康是很有害的，实际上它们能加快体质变弱。do harm to...为固定短语，意为“对……有害”；第二空为特指的用法，即特指体质变弱，故用定冠词the。

答案：B

18．(2012·深圳调研)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ________ space，about 900 of which could fall down onto________ earth.

A．the；the B．/；the C．the；/ D．a；the

解析：句意为：太空中有58 000颗星体，其中有900颗左右可能坠落到地球上。第一空in space“在太空”，固定用法，类似用法还有in nature，in society 等；第二空表示地球，独一无二的事物前须加定冠词the，如the moon，the sun等，答案：B

19．(2012·合肥联考)—What do you think about ________ dress in the shop window?

—Oh，it's beautiful.You may give it to Linda as ________ birthday present.

A．a；a B．the；a C．a；the D．the；the

解析：考查冠词的用法。第一空表特指橱窗里的那一件，所以要用定冠词the；第二空泛指一件礼物，所以要用不定冠词。

答案：B

20．(2012·锦州一模)It is clear that ________ little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________ company.

A．/；the B．a；the C．a；/ D．the；a

解析：考查冠词。句意为：很显然，这项发明带给他的不多的钱很难支撑如此庞大的一个公司。此题的关键在于hardly 的暗示，说明钱不多或很少，用little 表示“少量的，不多的”，后面又有定语从句修饰，故其前应加定冠词the；第二空处是so＋adj.＋a＋可数名词结构。

答案：D

三、代词复习及配套巩固练习

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

1.人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。

2.人称代词主格单数he, she和it的复数，都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。

3.第三人称的人称代词分阳性he（him），阴性she（her）和中性it（it），复数只有一个形式they（them）

不分性别。

4.选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。

2.物主代词

物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。

物主代词的用法：

（1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：

His pencil box is on the desk.

This is our school.

（2）名词性物主代词作名词用

本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。

作主语：

Richard’s school bag is blue and mine is black. 里查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑色的。（mine=my school bag）

作表语：

It’s his. 这是他的（东西）。

作宾语：

He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及物动词的宾语）“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调：

He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。

·注意：

试比较下面两句句子：

This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人）

This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）

3.反身代词

反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系，强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。

反身代词的形式：

反身代词的用法：

（一）指示代词是具有指示概念的代词

this这；that那；these这些；those那些；

（二）指示代词的用法

1) this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。

e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．

2)this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。

e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．

3)that, those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。

e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) /

The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．

5. 疑问代词

疑问代词的用法：

·注意：

1．Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。

2．Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。

3．Whose 用于明确所有者，Whom 在口语中，whom 多为who 代替。

反意问句考点分析:????????????

1、祈使句的反意问句；

2、I think +宾语从句的反意问句；

3、主从复合句的反意问句；

4、表示判断的情态动词构成的反意疑问句。

考题点击：

1、I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______? (01 上海) (C)

A. do I

B. don’t I

C. will they

D. won’t they

2、Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that (C)

time, ________? (02 上海春季)

A. was there

B. wasn’t there

C. didn’t he

D. did he

3、There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _______? （04上海春季）(D)

A. didn't they

B. don' t they

C. mustn't they

D. haven' t they

4、--- Alice, you feed the bird today, _________? (B)

--- But I fed it yesterday. (99 NMET)

A. do you

B. will you

C. didn’t you

D. don’t you

1. 祈使句的反意疑问句:

Don’t do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won’t you ?

Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you

2. I think(believe, suppose, expec t)+宾语从句的反意问句,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对

应关系，但要注意否定的转移。

I suppose that he's serious isn't he?

I don't think she cares, does she?

3. 主从复合句的反意问句；附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。

She says that I did it, doesn't she?

I told them not everybody could do it , didn't I?

6.不定代词

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词（如：anybody, something, no one）。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但none和由some, any, no, every thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语；而every和no只能作定语。

不定代词的形式：

不定代词的用法：

(1)one和ones

A.用来指人或物,表示“一个”(泛指)

One should always be ready to help others.

One should be strict with oneself.

One of my friends came to visit me.

B.用来代替上文出现过的名词,以免重复.

I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one?

The question is a complicated one.

My shoes are similar to the ones you had on yesterday.

(2)both, either, neither(都是指两者)

A.both:“两者都”,表示肯定,在句中可作主语,宾语,定语,同位语.

Both stories are true.两种说法都对.

Both of them are good at swimming.

These two movies are very interesting. I like both.

I wish both of you well.

She has eaten both c akes.

Both machines can work well.

They both love dancing.

They were both college students.

B.either:“两者中的任何一个”

Either of the answers is right.两个答案中有一个是正确的.

Either of the plan is equally dangerous.两个计划中任何一个都是同等危险.

They are experienced teachers. You can ask either of them for help.

Here are two tickets. You can take either of them.

Eithe r proposal will have my support.两个提案我都支持.

I believe either method will work.

C.neither,两个都不,两者中没有一个,全部否定.

Neither of the choices is right.

I like neither. (I don’t like either.)

Neither g ame is i nteresting.

(3)all：所有的, 一切,指三者以上,可修饰可数或不可数名词

He has written five novels and all of them are good.(主语)

Now all has change. (不可数)

All roads l ead to Rome. (定语)

All hope has gone.

They all have their troubles.(同位语)

We are all students.

That’s all. (表语),就这些.

(4)each, every

every, each: 都有“每一个”的意思，但each 可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every 只能指三个或三个以上的人或物。every 是形容词,只能作定语，而each可以作代词和形容词, 因此既可作定语，也可作主语或同位语。

each 作主语的同位语时，主语和谓语动词均为复数。例如：

Each of us has got a new book.

Every student is doing his best at school.

Each of the students has a computer. (强调个体)

Each /Every student has a dictionary. (强调全体)

Every door is locked.

On each side of the road are the high trees.

(5)some: “一些,某些,”多用于肯定句

any: “任何一个”, 多用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中.

I have some words to say.

They don’t know anything.

Is there any water in the glass?

(6)none: “没有一个”(指三者以上的全部否定)

no: 没有,后面必须接名词,相当于一个形容词,(no=not any)

None of them know(s) English.

None of us are/is afraid of difficulties.

No one is here.

No plane is 100% safe.

No students come to school on weekends.

I have no time

other:泛指“别的、其他的”, 后面接+名词，

the other: 特指,两个中的另一个.

(7)another: 泛指,指同类中（三个或三个以上）的“另一个”，是指不确定的另一个.

others: 泛指“其他人或物”（不一定是其余的全部）

other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。

Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？

There are fifty students in our class, twenty of us are from the city, two of us are from Dafeng,the others are from the countryside.

Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。

Others (=Other people) may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想

He is cleverer than the others（the other students）in her class

the others:剩余的全部,特指范围内的另一些（范围总数通常多于两个）

辨析:

Many，much都意为"许多"，many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。

How many people are there at the meeting?

How much time has we left?

Many of the workers were at the meeting.

Much of the time was spent on learning.

one… the other只有两个，She has two daughters, one is a nurse, the other is a teacher

some… o thers，others…，After class, some students are playing chess, some are singing, others are playing basketball on the playground.

some… the others有三个以上，

one… another，another…

others = other people

(8) anyone 和any one

anyone 仅指人,不与of 连用；any one 既可指人,也可指物。

(9) no one 和none

a) none 后跟of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one 只单独使用，只指人。

b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one 作主语，谓语动词只能是单数。

None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now?---- No one.

( 10) none 和nothing

none 只指量，指所指的一类人或物中一个都没有；

nothing 泛指，什么东西都不存在。后面不接of 短语。

如:--- Are there any eggs in the fridge?

--- None. In fact, there is nothing in the fridge.

归纳

表示“全部”：两者用both，三者以上用all;

表示“全无”：两者用neither，三者以上用none或no one；

表示“任一”：两者用either，三者以上用any。

7. It 的用法

1) it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.

--- Who is the baby? －It’s my teacher’s son．

2) it指代时间,季节,距离.

It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school．

It’s nice and warm here．But it’s two o’clock now, and it’s time for us to go to schoo l.

3)it作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

It's important for us to learn a second language．

It's no use talking to him．/

It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．

4) it作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

We feel it our duty to help others．

He made it clear that he would leave the city．

5) 用于强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分＋that (或who)…

注意:在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。

It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句)

It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从)

It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句）

It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句）

8.it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。

---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?

A．it B．that C．one D．this

NMET2001，25．

The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．

A．they B．it C．one D．which

one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同

事物。

高考语法通关

1．(2012·南京调研)I would appreciate ________ ，to be frank，if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.

A．you B．this C．it D．myself

解析：考查代词。此处it 作形式宾语，代替后面的“if goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank 为插入语。

答案：C

2. When ________ comes to saving energy，big changes start with small steps，like turning off the lights.

A．that B．this C．it D．one

解析：考查代词用法。when it comes to (doing)sth.是固定结构，表示“当涉及某事(或做某事)时”。句意为：当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开始，比如随手关灯。

答案：C

3．(2012·徐州联考)This young man is very clever；he may be ________ Edison.

A．the one B．the other C．another D．one

解析：考查代词。句意为：这个年轻人很聪明，他可能成为另一个爱迪生。another 另一个，这里是一种对比，强调这个年轻人的聪明。

答案：C

4. Neither side is prepared to talk to________ unless we can smooth things over between them.

A．others B．the other C．another D．one other

解析：句意为：除非我们能消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们两人都不打算和对方讲话。others 没有范围，指别人；another 没有范围，指另一个；the other 指两者中的另一方，根据关键词neither (两者都不)。

答案：B

5．(2012·武汉质检)You are a team star！Working with________ is really your cup of tea.

A．both B．either C．others D．the other

解析：句意为：你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。本题考查代词。both 和either 指两者，首先被排除；the other 有范围限定，意为“其余的”，而题干中没有范围和数量限制，故也被排除。others 意为“其他的、另外的或别的人或事物”

答案：C

6．(2012·芜湖模拟)—Which one can I take?

—You can take ________ of them；I'll keep none.

A．both B．any C．either D．all

解析：句意：——我能拿哪一个？——你可以全拿走，我一个也不留。根据I'll keep none.可知，有三个或三个以上的东西，而且可以全部拿走，所以选D。

答案：D

7．(2012·温州模拟)—How do you usually keep in touch with your friends，by email or letter?

—________ .I use telephone only.

A．None B．Neither C．Any D．Either

解析：考查不定代词。句意为“——你通常是如何与朋友保持联系的，发邮件还是写信？——都不是，我只用电话联系。”neither 表示“两者都不”，none 表示“三者(及以上)都不”，either 表示“两者中任一”，any 表示“三者(及以上)任一”，据语意选B项。

答案：B

8. There are two roads leading to the power station along the river.You can take ________ of the roads.

A．either B．both C．neither D．all

解析：考查代词的用法。句意为：沿着这条河有两条路通向那座发电站。你走两条路中的任何一条都可以到达。根据句意，这里应该是“两者选一”，故B、C和D项不正确。either 指“两者中的任意一个”。

答案：A

9．(2012·苏州一模)They all wanted to stop working because they were very tired，but ________ of them would say so.

A．any B．some C．none D．neither

解析：本题考查代词。句意为：他们都想停止工作，因为他们太累了，但是又没有人愿意说出来。根据all 可知他们指三者或三者以上，表示三者及三者以上的全部否定应该用none。

答案：C

10．(2012·贵州检测)The number 5·12 is a special number，________，I think，that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.

A．what B．it C．which D．one

解析：考查代词。该句中one指代前面提到的a special number，其实one 及其定语从句与前面的a special number 是同位语关系，I think 在句中可作插入语，所以选D项。

答案：D

11．When I moved to a new community，I found it different from ________ I had stayed in before.

A．one B．that C．it D．the one

解析：考查代词。语意表示这个新社区与“我”先前住的那个社区不同，因为空处与前面的community 是同类事物，所以用one代指；同时空后有定语修饰，表特定指代，所以要加the，故选the one。

答案：D

12．(2012·福州联考)—Which of the books did you like?

—________ of them! They were both dull.

A．Neither B．Either C．Both D．None

解析：考查代词。语意：——你喜欢哪本书？——都不喜欢！两本都很枯燥。根据答句中的信息词“both”可知有两本书，故选Neither表示“二者都不”，因此A项正确。

答案：A

13．It is reported that two schools, ________ of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.

A．all B．both C．none D．neither

解析：考查代词。语意：据报道，我的家乡正在建设的两所学校将于明年投入使用。根据前面的two schools，可知表示两者，故排除A、C两项；再结合语意可知表示肯定。故B项正确。

答案：B

14．—If I had come here a minute earlier, I could have bought the shoes at a discount in this store.

—Don't worry. Let's go to ________ store.

A．one other B．the other C．another D．one another

解析：考查代词。根据语意可知此处表示不定数量中的一家商店，故用another。

答案：C

15．(2012·重庆调研)He said ________ was lost, but he didn't say what it was.

A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything

解析：考查代词。语意：他说有什么东西丢了，但没说是什么。根据语意可知用something。

答案：A

16．(2012·日照模拟)I prefer a college in Beijing to ________ in Shanghai, because I like the climate in Beijing.

A．one B．that C．it D．this

解析：考查代词。one代替同名异物的可数名词单数，此处指代前面提到的a college，故选A。

答案：A

17．(2012·连云港联考)The weather today in Beijing is much better than ________ in Shanghai.

A．that B．one C．it D．what

解析：考查代词。语意：今天北京的天气比上海的好得多。用that代替The weather，避免重复，其他三项均无此用法。

答案：A

18．(2011·安庆检测)How can I help ________ if people just don't follow my advice?

A．that B．it C．what D．them

解析：考查代词。语意：如果人们不听从我的建议，我有什么办法呢？此处it表示“人们不听从我的建议”这种情况。

答案：B

19．(2012·温州月考)They found ________ difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

A．this B．that C．it D．one

解析：考查代词。此处it作形式宾语，从句“that they would finish their work in two days”为真正的宾语。

答案：C

20．(2012·郑州模拟)He saved all the fish for his children and never tasted ________ himself.

A．each B．none C．any D．either

解析：考查代词。语意：他把鱼都留给孩子们，自己一点儿都没有尝。根据语意可知此处表示“任何一个，任何一些”，故any正确。

答案：C

代词必考点归纳

1.物主代词要避免做异类比较:

His house is lager than I (F)

His house is larger than mine.

2. that/those：that可替代单数或不可数名词；those替代复数名词

The climate of Beijing is quite different form that of Hainan.

My seat was next to that of the mayor.

The ears of a rabbit is longer than those of a cat.

3.some可用于问句，表希望得到肯定态度。

Will you give me some paper?

Would you like to buy some apples?

4. no = not a (any)

I have no money with me.

There are no birds in the tree.

There is no student in th classroom.

5.all/both/every/each...not...=not all/both/every/each为部分否定，其全部否定分别为：

none/neither/no one (nothing)

Not all the students could understand his explanation.

Each child can not go to school in the mountain villiage.

6.by oneself亲自，独自of onself自动地be oneself身体好help oneself自助，自己拿in itself本质上，就本身而言The man is too old to live by himself.

The door closed of itself./I’m qui te of myself today.

7. none/nothing/no one(nobody)

None用于三个或以上的人或事物，可与of连用；可回答How many/much...?

nothing 仅指事物，视为单数，不与of连用；可回答What...?

no one/nobody仅指人，单数，不与of连用；可回答Who...?

----How much water is left?----None.

----What’s in your pocket?----Nothing.

----Who broke the window?----No one.It broke of itself.

8.it/they 指代前面提到的名词本身。

He bought a pen.It cost him $5./He has two brothers.They are both workers.

9.one/ones.可泛指前面提到的人或事物。

A chair made of iron is usually heavier than one made of wood.

10.the one/the ones特指前面提到的人或事物。

----I’m looking for a pen.----How do you like the one in the box.

----Who are the boys?----You mean the ones playing basketball?

11. other/others。Other 不单用，any/some/no+other+名词;others=other+复数名词

Is there any other boys/any others in the room?

12. the other/the others:the other+单数名词；the others=the other+复数名词

In our class some Ss are good at maths, some are good at Chinese,the others are good at physics.(some...some...the others) We have two international Ss, one is from European, the othe r is from America.(one...the other)