英语专业翻译 第二章第二节 练习答案

第二节英汉句法

一、英汉主谓成分

（一）主语课堂互动

1.不自由毋宁死.

2.A microscope is needed to see the red cells./Red cells can be seen only under the microscope. (同样一个汉语句子，由于侧重点或语篇结构不同，其译文中主语的选择就可能有多重处理方法。)

3. Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft among some high officials in China.

（二）谓语课堂互动

1. With high-rises along the river banks ornamented with colored lanterns and bright banners, a festive mood is strongly felt. On the river, gaily-decorated dragon-shaped boats await their challenge, displaying their unique charms.原文充满了动词词组，而且像“彩楼林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇”等等短句都被用来做谓语。这里的译文对谓语的安排突出重点，简洁明快，符合英语的表达习惯。二、英语句子结构突显与汉语流水句

课堂互动

1. 这个县是1945年建立的，藏族牧民约占人口的百分之四十。

2. He married her with an eye to her fortune.

三、英语句子形合与汉语句子的意合课堂互动

1.他站在窗前，凝视着窗外，好像陷入了沉思。（×站在窗前并且凝视着窗外，他好像陷入了沉思。）

2.据说，未婚的客人，如果睡觉前把一块结婚蛋糕放在枕头底下，找到伴侣的机会加大。伴娘如果也这样做的话，就会梦见未来的丈夫。

3. If you have never tasted the bitterness of gall, how can you know the sweetness of honey?

强化练习

强化练习

1. I was in an agony of doubt before I got the message.接到消息之后，我疑虑不安，十分痛苦。

2. The idea that learning should take place by continual shaping and molding applies equally to the arts.学习应该通过不断的精心塑造和不断的引导才能实现，这一观

念同样适用于艺术。

3. John is very healthy, as are his sisters. 约翰身体很健康，她妹妹的身体也很健康。（不能翻译为“如同”）

4. There is no question but he will succeed. 他能成功，这是没有问题的。（不能直译为“但是”）

5. He was tall and grotesquely thin, with sharply cut features, particularly a beak-like nose. 他身材修长，瘦骨嶙峋，脸上竖着一个鹰钩鼻。（英语中有些句子，尤其是对人的外形和衣着描写的句子，译为汉语是以动词为核心的形合架子拆掉，纳入到汉语平铺直叙似流水般的公因句中。）

6. He was a stocky man, poorly dressed with a bald head that had once been blond, a severely plain face and soft blue eyes prone to tears over the sad books beread, a young man but old--- no one would have guessed thirty他人矮胖，衣衫褴褛，原来一头淡黄色的头发已经光秃，其貌不扬，眼睛碧蓝柔和，读书独到悲伤处会溢满泪水，未老先衰，谁也想不到他还只有三十岁。

7. So do I let m y imagination play over the recesses of Laura’s character, so austere in the foreground but nurturing what treasures of tenderness, like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome. 同样,我让自己的想像力尽情地探索着劳拉性格的最深之处。她的性情表面上严肃可畏,但却滋润着丰富的温柔情感,宛如娇嫩的花朵,等待着勇士的出现。（“so austere… but nurturing …”以及两个介词短语“like…”, “for …”都译成了动词（短语）一字排列作谓语，符合汉语的意合特征，读起来又比较流畅。）

8. For a poor boy who has in his father his constant companion, tutor, and model, and in his mother his nurse, teacher, guardian angel, saint, all in one, has richer, more precious fortune to life than any rich man’s son, and compared with which all other fortunes count for little. 因为对于穷人的孩子来说，父亲无时无刻都是他的伙伴、他的老师、他的榜样，母亲则集护士、老师、保护神、他所信奉的圣人于一身；这样，比起富人的孩子来说，穷人的孩子拥有生活中一笔更大、更宝贵的财富‘与这一财富相比，其他任何财富就是微不足道的了。

9. Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular

exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.对人类的研究主要集中在老年人身上。研究结果表明，经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度。

10. Bob Newhart’s popularity as an actor and stand-up comedian led to his casting in

a number of motion pictures, with some of the biggest film stars in Hollywood, and of course, as the cartoon voice of Bernard the mouse. 作为演员和笑星,鲍勃·纽哈特人气颇旺。这使他有机会同好莱坞最著名的演员一起拍摄了多部影片。当然，他还为卡通片中的老鼠“伯纳德”配过音。

11. She had spent a sleepless night, rising early and had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her faces to watch the dawn. 她一宿无眠，早早起身，披上毯子，迎着拂面的凉风，凭窗眺望黎明。

12. You don’t grow the grain you eat and you don’t make the clothes you wear.你吃的粮食不是你自己种的，你穿的衣服也不是你自己做的。

13. It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men. 这是九月一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大街上人来人往，五光十色。

14. 这本书着重讲成语、谚语以及格言的用法。The book centres on the use of idioms, proverbs and aphorisms.

15. 他想到把这件事情全部交给他妻子去办。It occurred to him to leave the whole thing to his wife.

15. 要不断加强基础设施建设，努力营造良好的开发环境。译文: 1) In an effort to create a sound environment for development, continuous work should be done to increase and improve infrastructure. 2) We should keep increasing and improving infrastructure so as to create environment for development.

17. 你们公司几点上班/下班？What is the clock-in (clocking-in) time/clock-off (clocking-off) time at your company?

18. 中国地大物博，人口众多，中国人过去常常以此为豪。China is well–known as

a country with vast territory, rich resources and a large population, of which the Chinese people are always proud before.

19. 他今天不能来上课，他还没有退烧。He is unable to attend class today, because he has still run a fever.

20. 让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。Let the other people of the rest of the world know China. Let China make close contact with the rest of the world.

21. 顷刻之间，滚滚的洪水像堵墙一般压了下来，一古脑儿连人带车都给冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.

22. 学院请来一位洋教师，长得挺怪，红脸，金发、连鬓大胡须，有几根胡子一直逾过面颊，接近鼻子; …(冯骥才：“西式幽默”)Our institute employed an English teacher. He looked very strange- red-faced, golden-haired, with a thick growth of whiskers that reached all the way to the nose.（刘先农译）

23. 林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇。她惯下书包，并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉，却倒在床上看着帐子出神。（茅盾）That day Miss Lin returned from school with her lips pouting. She flung down her satchel and lay down on the bed staring up at the bed curtain. Usually, she would go and sit at the dressing table to comb her hair and powder her face.

24. 由于又累又热，于是，他终于下了决心，只要碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下来休息。His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.

25.“五四”以后，到了“新红学”的时代。代表人物有胡适、俞平伯等。The May Four Movement of 1919 saw the beginning of the new Redololgy, represented by scholars such as Hu Shi and Yu Pingbo.