英语语法论文 英语教学论文
英语语法论文英语教学论文
浅谈英语教学中语法“主谓一致”
[摘要]主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式，主谓一致必须遵循以上三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
[关键词]英语教学主谓语一致语法原则
英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式，主谓一致必须遵循以上三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
主语单复数决定着谓语动词单复数，即主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。
The medic ine doesn’t work , I still feel sick.
二、意义一致原则
1.谓语动词用单数的情况
（1）单数名词及不可数名词做主语
The worker and the wtiter are from Sichuan.
（2）在意义上指同一个人，同一个事或同一概念
The worker and the wtiter js from Sichuan.
（3）当each……and each……，every……and every……，
No……and no……，many a……and many a……结构做主语时。
No man and no animal is to be found on the monn.
（4）one/each/either/the number of +复n.做主语。
Each of the students has a book.
（5）不定代词each,anyther,the other ,either ,neither和some/any/no/every+one/thing构成的复合代词做主语。
Is evetyone here today
（6）表时间、金钱、距离、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词做主语。
Eight hours of sleep is emongh.
（7）many a +单数名词和more than one+单数名词做元语
Eg: Many a comrade has that kind of epportanion。
2.谓语动词用复数的情况
（1）由and 连接两个并列成分表示不同的概念
Eg：Bread and bwlter are soloi out。
（2）有生命的集体名词做主语。
Eg:The pollce are ynvestigating the crime。
(3)一些常用做复数成只有复数形成的名词，如：good s, stais等做主语。
eg :The goods are made im chian。
(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以—s结尾的专有名词的主语。
eg :The Himalagas are the roof of the wond。
3.谓语动词单、多数视情况而言
（1）集体的名词class、family、any、team，等作主语，强调整体用单数指个体成员用复数。
eg :The family are payinga visit to Beijing。
（2）单复数同形的名词做主语的谓语动词形成要根据其具体含义而应，这类词有：means work pains fish sheep等。
eg：Evey means has been tried to solve the problem but work is effective。
There are variavs means of commwrieting with a stanfers。
(3)kind /sort/pair/tyke/+of+n 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而言。
Some kinds anmals are dying our.
(4)all ,home, some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代内容而定。
All is going on very well.
All are present besides the prorfssor.
(5) half/most/emongh /pant /the last /the last /a lot /plenty /分数/百分数+of /+n.主语，谓语动词和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。
A lot of students are coming to the meeting.
A lot of work is to be done to prdpant for the meeting
(6)当the +adj/done作主语时，当the +adj/done表一类人或物时，
谓语动词用复数，如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The sick here are very well.
The time is to be distignshed from the fall .
三、就近一致原则
1.由or eirther……or……, neither……nor……，not only also……，not……but……。等连接的并列主语、谓语与最近的主语保持一致。
注：with/ along with/ together with/in clnding/ but/ except/ like/ as well as / no more them/ no less then/ besides/ rather than/ in addition to+n,作示主语后、谓语动词一般与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
eg:Aenny rather than Jane and John is responsible for the loss。
2.在there be 句型中，如果两个并列的名词共同充当主语，谓语的动词常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
eg: There is a pencile and two pens in the pencil—box。
Are there books andpen on gowr desk?
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