高一英语必修2第一单元知识点

高一英语知识点归纳和总结必修2 第一单元

一、重点短语回顾

1. in search _________ 寻找，搜寻

2. _______ to 属于

3. in _________ 作为报答，回报

4. at _________ 处于交战状态

5. _______ than 少于

6. be __________ doing 值得做

7. add A ______ B 把A添加到B

8. serve _______ 充当

9. agree ______ 同意；赞成

10. care _______ 关心；在乎

11. rather _______ 而不是

12. for _________ 亲自

13. to one’s _______ 令某人吃惊的是

14. think _______ of 看重；器重

15. search _______ 寻找

1. of

2. belong

3. return

4. war

5. less than

6. worth

7. to

8. as

9. with 10. about 11. than 12. oneself 13. to 14. highly 15. for

二、课本知识点

1. survive作及物动词。1)survive 表示“幸存”“(经过……)活下来”,它后面可以直接加war,flood,fire,accident,earthquake,explosin,shipwreck(船只失事)等表示“灾难”的名词。翻译时,可以先把survive 后的名词译成“经过……后”,然后再译“幸存下来”。但这种用法中,survive 没有被动语态。survive sb. by + 时间段比某人活得长……

2. in search of 寻找，找寻in the search of (?) in one’s search for = in the search for (?)

search sp.某地for sb./sth 搜查某地寻找某人某物in one’s research of (×) 3. could have done

意思1：过去可能做过某事

I can't imagine how he could have thought of doing such a thing。

我不能想象他怎么会想到做这样的事。

这里的could表示对可能性的一种推测。

意思2：本来可以做某事(而实际上没做)*-

But for your help, I could have fed the fishes.

若不是你搭救，我恐怕已经葬身鱼腹了

4. must have done 肯定干了某事

can’t have done = couldn’t have done 肯定没干某事

5. may have done = might have done 可能干了某事

may not have done = might not have done 过去可能没做过某事

6. need have done 本应该做某事但是没有

needn’t have done 本不必做某事（而实际上做了）

7. should have done = ought to have done 本该做某事（而实际上未做）

8. shouldn’t have done = oughtn’t to have done 本不该做某事（而实际上做了）

9. would have done 本来会做某事

10. would not have done 本来不会做某事（但是做了）

11. imagine doing 想象做某事

imagine sb doing 想象某人干某事

imagine sb’s doing 想象某人干某事

12. amazing 令人吃惊的是amazed 感到吃惊的是in amazement 惊奇地

to one’s amazement 令人惊奇的是= to one’s surprise

13. be used to do sth 被用来做某事

used to do sth 过去常常做某事

be used to doing sth 习惯于干某事

14. have 表示拥有=keep

15. in the fancy style 以奇特的风格

16. a treasure (decorated with gold and jewels) 用金银财宝装饰起来的珍品

说明：括号里是后置定语，过去分词做后置定语

非常学案P7，activities (designed for them) 专为他们设计的活动（括号内为后置定语）

17. take sb. time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事

18. in fact = in actual fact = as a matter of fact 事实上

19. be designed for 专为什么设计的be designed to do sth 打算做……用的by design = on purpose 故意地

20. belong to 没有被动语态不用于进行时is belonging to (×) was belonged (×) belong to中的to 不可以省略。

21.give sth to sb. 把某物送给某人

22. in return 作为回报in return for sth. 作为……的回报（in return for your help）

23. serve as 充当

25. add A to B 把A加到B上

26. the way she wanted/ the way she liked 她想要的方式/ 她喜欢的方式

27. one of the wonders of the world 世界奇迹之一

28. This was a time when 这是一个……时期

29. be at war 正在交战be at work 正在工作be on holiday 正在度假be on vocation 正在度假

30. get to sp 到达某地= reach sp. = arrive at/in sp. (sp=some place)

31. be able to do sth. 能够做某事

32. remove sth from sp; 从某处移除、清除某物

33. less than 少于no less than 不少于

34. there is no doubt that 毫无疑问

35. remain a mistery 仍然是个谜

What happened to the Amber remains a mistery. 琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

What you said just now is none of my business. 你刚才所说的与我无关。36. look like 看起来像

37. the former 前者the latter 后者

38. have sth. done = get sth done 让别人干某事

have sb do sth 让某人干某事=let sb. do sth.=make sb. do sth.=get sb. to do sth.

have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

get sb. doing sth. 让某人处于做某事的状态

39. worth 值得的worthy 有意义的worthywhile 值得干的worthless 没有价值的

be worth doing 其中doing 主动形式表示被动意义。

be worthy of sth. = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得干某事

40. take apart 把……拆开

apart from ①除……之外，别无= except②除……之外，还有=besides 41. be about to do ……when 即将做某事……这时……

be on the point of doing ……when……正要做……这时……

had just done……when……刚做完……这时……

42. be on trial 正在受审，在试验中

43. would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿干某事而不愿做某事

rather than 而不是other than 除了or rather 更确切地说

44. think highly of = think well of =think much of高度评价

否定式be highly thought of =be well thought of =be much thought of

think poorly of=think little of=think lightly of 对……评价不高

否定式be poorly thought of=be little thought of = be lightly thought of 注意：否定式中，副词一定位于be 之后，thought 之前。

45. prove 作“证明是，结果是”讲时，是个系动词，没有被动语态不用于进行时。

高中历史必修二第一单元知识点总结

高中历史必修二第一单元知识点总结第 1 课发达的古代农业形成条件： ①铁犁牛耕技术的出现和普及 ②封建土地所有制的确立形成时间：春秋战国时期 ① 分散性和封闭性：以家庭为生产、生活的基本单位，农业与家庭手工业相结合，男耕女织，自给自足的自然经济特点 ②先进性与落后性并存：精耕细作，技术先进，但无革命性突破 ③脆弱性：规模小，易受天灾、苛政和土地兼并的影响 ①农民拥有一定的生产资料和能支配一部分劳动产品，具有生产积极性 ②小农经济规模小，促使农民努力提高耕作技术，实行精耕细作 ③小农经济封建政府主要财源，统治者大都采取重农政策 ④随着农民战争爆发和王朝更替，部分田地回到农民手中，小农经济又开始了一个新的轮回 ①灾荒瘟疫 ② 封建政府沉重赋税、徭役 ③社会的动荡与土地兼并地位和影响：小农经济是我国封建社会农业生产的基本模式，精耕细作使中国古代农业发达，这是两千多年中国封建社会生存和发展的经济基础，是中国文明的萌发和发展的经济基础。在整个中国古代社会，自然经济始终在中国封建经济中占主导地位。自然经济无法扩大再生产，它的牢固存在，严重地阻碍了新的生产力和生产关系的发展，是中国封建社会发展缓慢和长期延续的重要原因，成为中国近代落后挨打的根源之一小农经济有利因素不利因艰难成长

经营形态演变发展过程及成就夏商西周官营手工业春秋战国汉武以后中国古代手工业产生并由官府垄断继续发展盐铁及铸钱等官办经营方式政府直接经营、集中、大作坊生产生产目的性质和特点发展概况春秋战国秦汉魏晋南北朝隋唐出现发展受摧残恢复和发展民间私人经营元朝黄道婆推广先进的棉纺织技术明中叶后民营超过官营手工业占主导地位使用花楼机出现资本主义萌芽（雇佣关系），清继续发展农户体产，作为副业供军队和官府贵族生活使用，不在市场流通供民间消费，作为商品在市场流通供家庭消费和交纳赋税，剩余部分出卖国家垄断性质；它凭借国家权力，征调优秀工匠，控制最好的原料，生产不计成本，产品精美，取得诸多成就，世界领先，享誉全球美，商品生产性质；在重本抑末的社会环境下发展艰难，但后来居上属于自然经济组成部分；受小农经济的束缚发展艰难，在自然经济时代，占有相当的比重。是中国古代社会稳定的重要因素地域分布广、生产部门不断增加、生产规模不断扩大、分工越来越细、技术先进② 官营手工业、私营手工业、家庭手工业三种经营形态长期并存③ 官营手工业在中国手工业经济中长期占主导地位，产品精美，品种繁多，享誉世界。民营手工业艰难发展，明中后期逐渐占主导地位，某些部门已出现资本主义萌芽。但重农抑商政策制约了手工业的发展，始终没有进入工场手工业时代。家庭手工业是农户的一种副业，产品主要供自己消费和交赋税，剩余部分才拿到市场出售，家庭手工业是中国古代社会稳定的重要因素 ④经济重心南移与手工业生产布局成相应变化⑤历史悠久，源远流长，长期领先于世界，享誉全球⑥ 与农业发展密切结合，受农业制约 ①地美，原因：社会生产力的发展（农业、手工业发展）和商品经济发展条件：商人资金充足，自由劳动力增加标志—时间：地区：发展状况： —明朝中后期的棉纺织业出现了手工工场（带有雇佣性质的生产关系）明中后期江南地区期后中朝明资本主义萌芽的产生与发发期清展有朝所前 ①在丝织业中心的苏州和杭州，机户雇佣机工。即“机户出资，机工出力”，他们之间形成雇佣与被雇佣关系. 生产者成为资本家②在棉纺织业中心的松江，包买商雇佣居民生产暑袜。这些包买商直接支配生产，就实质而言，属于商业资本控制生产，商人成为资本家 ③广东罗定的冶铁和佛山铁器制造业也出现雇佣关系原因：a、清代农业、手工业、商业继续发展，为资本主义萌芽继续发展提供了基础，特别是手工业分工更细，促进了区域分工和专业城镇的发展b、清初统治者放宽了对手工业的限制表现：手工工场规模进一步扩大；分工更细；雇工数量更多；具有资本主义萌芽的部门和地区增多实质：就是资本主义性质的雇佣关系（机户雇佣机工、店主雇佣居民），这种雇佣关系的实质就是商品货币关系特点：发展缓慢，只出现在少数地区的少数行业当中，是稀疏而又微弱的1、在全国范围仍居主导地位自给自足小农经济束缚着新的生产力发展。其一是农民受到残酷的封建剥削，极端贫困，购买力小，无力从市场上购买商品（市场小）。其特二是地主和商人将赚来的钱盖房买田，严重影响手工业的扩大再生产。（资本少）封建政府实行重农抑商等政策和实行闭关政策（妨碍市场扩大和资本积累）传统文化以孔孟之道、纲常名教为核心，斥科学技术为奇技淫巧，排斥西学等行会制度对手工业、商业竞争的限制货币制度的落后与混乱阻碍商品经济的发展根本原因：明清社会生产力虽已为资本主义萌芽的出现提供了历史前提，但还不足以瓦解封建的自然经济和腐朽的封建制度原因 2 、 3、 4、 5、 6、 1、是中国封建社会内部出现的新事物，代表了中国社会进步发展的总趋势 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 中国开始由农业文明向工业文明演进地位影响2 、发展缓慢，只出现在少数地区的少数行业当中，是稀疏而又微弱的，始终处于萌芽状态，在全国范围内自给自足的封建经济仍占主导地位，使中国逐步落后于世界发展 3、资本主义萌芽是封建制度渐趋衰落在经济上的体现，为早期的民主启蒙思想的产生奠定了基础

高中英语必修1知识点大全总结

高中英语必修1知识点大全总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内

(完整word版)人教版高一英语必修二英语课文原文(2)

Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.

高中英语必修二第一单元知识点总结

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