第22届韩素音翻译大赛 英译汉 参考译文

第22届韩素音翻译大赛 英译汉 参考译文
第22届韩素音翻译大赛 英译汉 参考译文

隐藏在科技王国后的文学世界

当我还是一个“探索文学”的男孩,我曾想如果大街上每个人都熟知普鲁斯特、乔伊斯、T·E·劳伦斯、帕斯捷尔纳克和卡夫卡,那该多好。稍后我才明白平民大众对高雅文化有多么抵触。作为一个年轻的拓荒者,林肯读过普鲁塔克、莎士比亚和《圣经》,但是那时他是林肯。

后来,在中西部驾车、乘巴士或火车游历的时候,我经常去参观一些小城镇的图书馆。在爱阿华州基奥卡克县和密歇根州本顿港的图书馆里,我发现读者们都借阅普鲁斯特和乔伊斯的著作,甚至是斯威沃和安德烈·别雷的作品,D·H·劳伦斯也是他们的最爱之一。有时我会联想到上帝愿意放弃毁灭罪恶深重的索多玛城,只为了城里有十个义人。并不是说基奥卡克县和邪恶的索多玛城有任何相似之处,也不是说普鲁斯特笔下的夏吕斯男爵被引诱到密歇根本顿港定居。而是我似乎有种持久的民主的渴望——在最不可能的地方寻找高雅文化存在的证据。

我做小说作家已经有十几年了,而从一开始我就意识到这是个不太可取的职业。在二十世纪三十年代,一个芝加哥的旧邻居告诉我他写小说给通俗大众阅读。“邻居们都好奇为什么我不去找一份职业。他们看我总是到处闲逛,修剪树丛或者漆刷篱笆,而不是在工厂里工作。但我是一个作家,我的文章是卖给《商船队》小说期刊和《勇士骑兵》杂志的。”他十分愁闷地说,“他们不会认为那是一种职业。”他向我诉苦也许因为注意到我是个书呆子气的孩子,比较可能会同情他;又或者他是在告诫我不要特立独行。但那时候已经为时晚矣。

也是在一开始的时候,我就被警告小说已经接近了衰落阶段,就像城壁城市或者十字弓那样都是过时的事物。没有人喜欢和历史有分歧。奥尔斯瓦尔德·斯宾格勒是三十年代初最受广泛阅读的作家之一。他教育世人:我们疲倦老旧的文明已经非常接近终结,年轻人们应该避开文学和艺术,去拥抱机械化并成为工程师。

为了避免被淘汰,你挑战并蔑视那些进化论历史家们。我年轻的时候对斯宾格勒是非常尊重的,但即使是那时我也无法接受他的结论——带着尊重和仰慕,我在思想上让他别来烦我。

六十年后,在最近一期《华尔街日报》上我又看到了以当代形式出现的旧斯宾格勒理论之争。泰瑞·蒂乔特,不同于斯宾格勒,并没有把大量的使人崩溃的历史理论扔到我们身上。但还是有迹象可以看出他对那些证据做出了权衡、筛选和斟酌。

他提出“分裂的文化”的理论,还说他的观点是非常有责任感和与时俱进的,并且经过

深思熟虑。他提出“作为技术的艺术形式”的说法。他告诉我们电影很快就可以被下载——意味着可以从一部电脑转移到另一个装置的记忆储存里——并预言电影很快会像书本那样出售。他还预言科学技术那近似魔术般的力量会把我们带到新时代的起点,并总结:“一旦这发生以后,我猜想独立的电影将取代小说,成为讲述故事的最重要手段。

为了支持他的论证,蒂乔特先生还提及了书本销售量预兆性的下跌和观看电影人数的剧增:“对于30岁以下的美国人来说,电影已经取代小说成为艺术表达的首要形式。”对此,蒂乔特先生还补充,像汤姆·克兰西和史蒂芬·金这样的流行小说家“每本书达到100万册的销量最高点”,还特别提到:“美国全国广播公司的电视剧《欢乐酒店》大结局那一集,相对比,有4200万的观众收看。”

在大范围上,电影是赢了。“小说塑造民族谈话的力量已经变弱”,蒂乔特先生如是说。不过我一点都不确定当年《白鲸》或《红字》是否曾经对“民族谈话”有过相当大的影响。在19世纪中期,给大众留下深刻印象的是《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。《白鲸》是一本不那么流行的小说。

20世纪的文学杰作大多数都是由脑中没有大众概念的小说家所创作。普鲁斯特和乔伊斯的小说都是在文化衰退期所写的,并没有打算要获得荣耀和光辉的声望。

蒂乔特先生在《华尔街日报》发表的文章沿袭了那些企图发现新潮流的观察者们所走的路径。“根据一个最近的调查,数据显示55%的美国人花在阅读上的时间少于30分钟……甚至有可能电影已经取代了小说,不是因为美国人变笨了,而是因为小说是一种过时的艺术技术。”

“我们并不习惯把艺术形式看成是一种技术,”他说,“但是那就是它们本来的真面目,这意味着在技术的新发展下它们已经处于日趋消亡的状况。”

与技术的重要性一同吸引头脑科学的年轻人的,可以看得出还有其他优先的理由:你最好去做你大部分的同龄人正在做的事。成为百万个电影观众中的一员,总强于成为区区几千名读者里的一个。此外,读者在孤独中阅读,而观众则归属于一个庞大的群体。观众拥有人多势众的优势和机械化的力量。作为补充的还有避免技术上被淘汰的重要性,以及相比个人的思考(无论他有多么出众)科学技术能够更可靠地为我们解决问题——这种感觉非常具有吸引力。

约翰·契弗很久以前曾告诉过我,让他坚持下去的,正是他的读者们,以及全国各地写信支持他的人。他在工作的时候,总会觉得他的读者和通信者们,就藏在草坪后面的小树林里默默关注着他。他说:“如果我不在脑海中想象着他们,我就会懈怠。”小说家莱特·莫

里斯也力劝我去买一个电动打字机,并说他从不关掉他的机器。“不写字的时候,我就听电流的声音,”他说,“那让我感觉自己是有陪伴的,我们就像是在谈天。”

我很想知道蒂乔特先生会如何使他那个“作为技术的艺术形式”理论与这样的癖好相一致。也许他会争辩,这两位作家在某种程度上已将他们自己从“大众文化的影响”中孤立出来。蒂乔特先生至少有一个值得称赞的地方:他认为自己找到了将电影这种大众文化与少数人欣赏的高雅文化结合起来的方法。然而,他却对“百万”的事物很感兴趣:百万的钞票,百万的读者,百万的观众。

看电影是“每个人”都要做的事情,蒂乔特先生如是说。他说得何其正确啊。

回到20世纪,年龄在8至12岁之间的孩子在每个星期六都排长队买五分钱的电影票,为了看上周六未播完的前半段故事里那个危机如何得到解决。女主人公就在火车头撞上她的几秒之前获得了解救。然后是下一集,然后是新闻短片和《小顽童》。最后还有一部汤姆·米克斯主演的西部影片,或者是珍妮·盖诺主演的关于一位年轻新娘和她丈夫在阁楼里的幸福故事,又或者是格洛丽亚·施旺森、蒂达·巴拉、华莱士·比里、阿道夫·门吉欧和玛丽·德雷斯勒等明星的作品。当然还有卓别林的《淘金记》,而《淘金记》和杰克·伦敦笔下的故事仅差一步之遥。

那时观众和读者之间是没有冲突的。没有人来指导我们阅读,我们全靠自己。我们教育自己,让自己变得有文化。我们发现或创造富有想象的精神生活。因为我们可以阅读,我们也从中学会了写作。看电影版的《金银岛》后再去阅读小说版,并不会让我觉得混淆。在吸引我们的注意力这一点上,电影和小说并不存在竞争。

美国还有一个更引人注目的反常之处就是我们的少数民族是如此的众多,数目庞大。说我们有百万个少数民族也不足为奇。不过倒是有一个事实,那就是百万个有修养的美国人正处于一种与其他有文化的人相分隔的状态。如果你喜欢,他们是奇弗的读者,他们是那么庞大而无法隐藏的一个群体。这个国家的文学部门没能让他们远离书本——无论是新还是旧的著作。我和我的朋友基斯·波茨弗德都强烈地认为:如果有很多读者“误入歧途”,那么这些读者中可能就存在着作家。

你只需出版一本类似《文学界》的杂志,就可以了解更多关于他们的细节。只要给予鼓励,过去默默无闻、没有希望的作家就会浮出水面。对于我们的报纸,一位早期读者曾经这样写过:“它的内容是如此的新颖,注重人与人之间关系的互动,天然真实而没有丝毫矫揉做作,让人读得全神贯注。”她注意到报纸上没有广告,问道:“这是可能的吗?可以维持吗?”她称它为“一剂消除我们萎缩的人性的良药”。在信的最后,我们这位读者还补充说:“对较

老的一代人来说,我们应当想起我们原来是怎样的人,我们应该怎样做。”

这就是我和基斯·波茨弗德对我们的“文学小报”的期望,而且这两年来它都如我们所期待地运行着。我们就像一对乌托邦式的伙伴,觉得自己对文学有着一份责任。我希望我们不要像那些好心却帮倒忙的人——在这个路上已经没有马匹的年代,还给市政厅广场捐赠饮马的水槽。

我们无法猜测在这个国家各个遥远的角落里生活着多少个自发的文学鉴赏家和文学爱好者。但我们所掌握的少量事实可以表明,他们见到我们出版的报纸时很高兴,心怀感激。他们想得到比既得的更多,新颖的科学技术无法满足他们的迫切需求。

课文翻译综合英语

The pearl 吉纳,一位穷渔夫,刚发现了一颗非常大而且非常珍贵的珍珠,准备去最近的城镇把它卖掉。他急切需要钱给刚给蝎子螫伤的孩子看病。吉纳发现珍珠前,他---一位可以看病的医生拒绝给孩子治病,因为吉纳付不起治疗费。 一个小镇就像个集群动物,有神经系统头肩膀和肢。它与其他城镇不想连。因此没有两座城镇是相似的。城镇里还有完整的感情。要知道消息是怎样传遍整个小镇的可是个难解之谜。消息传得似乎比小男孩冲出去告诉别人的速度还快,比女人隔着篱笆大声说消息的速度还要快。? 在吉纳胡安纳和其他渔夫回到吉纳的茅草屋前,小镇的神经正随着消息--吉纳发现了世界上最大的珍珠--传播而奔腾,跳动。跑得气喘吁吁的小男孩还没说出这个消息,母亲们早已知晓了。消息席卷而过茅草屋,激起波浪泡沫,然后冲进镇里的石头灰泥瓦房里。消息传到正在花园里散步的牧师,他的眼中露出若有所思的表情,他想起教堂的有些地方该维修了,他纳闷珍珠值多少钱。他想知道是否为吉纳的婴儿施过洗礼,或是否主持过他的结婚仪式。消息传到零售商那儿的时候,他们看着卖的不太好的男式衣服。?? 消息传到医生那儿的时候,他正在给一位妇人看病,这位夫人的疾病其实就是“年龄太老的问题”,尽管他们两人都不承认这点。弄清楚谁是吉纳后,医生变得严肃认真而又明智起来。医生说,“他是我的一个病人,我在给他的孩子治疗被蝎子螫伤的伤口。”眼珠在肿眼泡的眼眶内转来转去,医生想起巴黎,想起那他住过的既宽敞又豪华的房间。越过他的老年病人,医生仿佛看见自己坐在巴黎的一家餐馆,男侍者正在打开酒瓶。 消息早早地传到了教堂前乞讨者,他们咯咯地高兴地笑着,因为他们知道没有比突然

短文翻译答案版

英译汉短文翻译 1. Job security is extremely hard to come by these days, no matter what profession you choose. It isn't enough to pursue a field with perceived stability, say the experts. You'll want to find something you feel passionate about, can make a living doing and that involves using skills you can easily apply to other fields. 在当前的经济形势下,无论你从事何种职业,就业稳定都很难找到稳定的就业机会。专家们表示,光是追求预计能够带来稳定就业的领域是不够的。你希望追求的方向应该是你所热爱的、能够借以维持生计的职业,并且能够运用到一些你可以轻松转换到其它领域的技能。 2. Love plays a pivotal role on out life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could go hayward and also become cruel and ferocious. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better. 爱在生活之外扮演了一个关键的角色。爱使你想要得到些什么。没有爱,一个人将走向不归路,变得凶暴、残忍。在我们最初的人生道路上,我们的父母给予了我们无条件的关爱,他们教会我们判断正确与错误、好与坏。然而我们常常把这想当然了,只有等到我们结了婚并且有了孩子之后,一个人才会懂得并注意别人的感受。孩子让我们变得富有责任心、变得成熟稳重,并且更好的理解人生 3. When companies have different employees on the same job and one of them is paid differently, many unfairness issues surface. "It can happen in any 'open shop' that differentiates pay for any reason (seniority, performance, etc.)," says Dauphinais. You could run the risk of alienating valued colleagues if they learn you earn more for what they perceive to be the same job. 公司雇佣不同的人员从事同一岗位的工作时,如果其中有个人的薪资不同时,很多不公平的问题就会浮出水面。Dauphinais 说:“这种情况在任何开放行业都有可能发生,因为不同的原因(资历,表现等)员工的薪酬不同”。如果你让同事知道你们在做相同的工作,而你的工资比他们高,那么你就可能会被你很重视的同事疏远。 4. Spouses are a bigger source of stress than bosses, research shows. There may be no place like home, but if you want to relax then you might be better off at work, according to the survey.

英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻

第六单元文体翻译 第一节新闻报道 一、新闻翻译的特点 1、翻译讲求实效 2、可以适当增减 ?翻译:遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。 ?编译:紧扣原作主题思想,从原作选取最有价值的内容,遵循篇章构建的一般规律,基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文,再按照翻译的一般原则,将其译成目的语的过程。(王涛2004) ?摘译:摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。(俞建村2001)(注意:必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。) ?参见教材第十章“翻译的类型” p135. 3、符合写作要求 (1)手法: ?以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。 (2)结构: ?编年史法(chronological method ): 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 ?新闻导语法(news lead method ): 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 (3)语言: ?具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。 4、内容力求准确 二、新闻的翻译 ?标题的翻译 ?电头的翻译 ?导语的翻译 ?正文的翻译 ?了解背景知识 例: US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place. 美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电:五角大楼昨日宣称:一架美空军F-16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后,向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称:星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说,该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地,伊雷

英译汉段落翻译1

Paradox of Our Times We have bigger houses and smaller families; more conveniences, but less time; we have more degrees, but less common sense; more knowledge, but less judgment; more experts, but more problems; more medicine, but less wellness. We have multiplied our possessions, but reduced our values. We talk too much, love too little and lie too often. We’ve learned how to make a living, but not a life; we’ve added years to life, not life to years. We have taller buildings, but shorter tempers; wider freeways, but narrow viewpoints. We spend more, but have less; we buy more, but enjoy it less. We’ve been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street to meet the new neighbor. We’ve conquered outer space, but not inner space. We’ve split the atom, but not our prejudice; we write more, but learn less; plan more, but accomplish less. We’ve learned to rush, but not to wait; we have higher incomes, but lower morals. We build more computers to hold more information, to produce more copies, but have less communication. We are long on quantity, but short on quality. These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion; tall men and short character; steep profits and shallow relationship. More leisure and less fun; more kinds of food, but less nutrition; two incomes but more divorce; fancier houses, but broken homes.

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

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