张培基先生散文翻译中保存“质朴”风格的技巧

张培基先生散文翻译中保存“质朴”风格的技巧
张培基先生散文翻译中保存“质朴”风格的技巧

张培基先生散文翻译中保存“质朴”风格的技巧

——读《英译中国现代散文选》有感

摘要:在《英译中国现代散文选》中,翻译家张培基先生保存散文风格方面的技巧值得学习:句子短小、精悍,

结构简单;用词简单、明了;修辞处理合理,力求通俗易懂;语言逻辑关系清晰;对文化因素处理得体,读者对译文无理解障碍。以上技巧的合理运用,翻译工作者可以此为鉴。

国内已有不少文章对张先生的这本译著大加赞赏,如李明的《张培基先生的英译文〈落花生〉赏析》认为,“张培基先生的英译文《落花生》在再现原文信息、体现原文功能方面为我们英译汉语散文树立了典范”[1 ] ;朱曼华的《中国散文翻译的新收获》中说:“拜读之后笔者觉得张先生在处理‘增益’与‘删略’关系‘表层语义’与‘潜层语义’关系,以及声色词语对应与非对应性关系等诸多方面出手不凡,均有独到之处。”

众所周知,不同的语体有自身不同的特点,诗歌有诗歌的意境,散文有散文的韵味,论说文有论说文的气势。在翻译过程中,除了保持各种文体语义上的忠实外,语体上也应忠实原文。语体对等问题,属于翻译风格论的范畴。

散文是“真实”的、“诚笃”的、“不加雕饰”的、“不做作”的,因而是一种令人感到亲切的文体[3 ] (P1) 。张先生在散文的翻译中对“质朴”风格处理得非常到位。细读《英译中国现代散文》,人们会发现张先生在保存散文“质朴”风格方面是煞费苦心的。归纳起来,张先生的翻译在如下几个方面做了“文章”:

一、句子短小精悍,结构简单

从理论上说,英语语言与汉语语言相比,英语句子“常常是环扣相嵌,盘根错节,句中有句”,也就是所谓的“楼房建筑法”(architecture style) 。而汉语以散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ] (P48 - 49) 。可见,在汉英翻译中,使用英语长句是理所当然的,也是符合语言规律的。

但在张先生英译的散文中,英语短句却屡见不鲜,正是这些短句的使用,形成了张先生译文“质朴”的风格。在《差不多先生》( Mr. About - the - Same) 一文中,有这么一段话:

差不多先生的相貌和你和我差不多。他有一双眼睛,但看的不很清楚;有两只耳朵,但听得不很分明; 有鼻子和嘴,但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究。他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密。

Mr. Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I. | |He has a pair of eyes ,but doesn’t see clearly. | | He has a pair ofears ,but doesn’t hear well. | | He has a nose and a mouth ,butlacks a keen sense of smell and taste. | | His brain is none toosmall , but he is weak in memory and sloppy inthinking. [3 ] (P18 - 26)

译文句子多为简单句和并列句,译文干净、利落,通俗易懂,给人一种清爽自然之美,而没有盘根错节之迷惑。

二、用词简单、通俗

张培基先生在翻译散文时, 很少使用生僻词( bigwords) ,主要使用普通的形容词、副词和动词等,以达到言简意赅。例如:

1. 他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密。———《差不多先生传》His brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory andsloppy in thinking.

2. ??但草木凋得慢,空气来得润,天的颜色显得淡,

并且又时常多雨而少风; ———《故都的秋》but over there plants wither slowly ,the air is moist ,the skypallid ,and it is more often rainy than windy , ??

3. 他用两手攀着上面,两脚再向上缩;他肥胖的身子向左微倾。??过铁道时,他先将橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。———《背影》His hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legshuddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards theleft , ??In crossing the railway track ,he first put the tangerineson the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.

4. 燕子去了,有再来的时候; 杨柳枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again. If willowswither ,they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade ,theywill flower again.But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our daysgo by never to return ?

从以上的摘录我们可以看出,张先生翻译的风格用词方面朴实无华,对保存原文风格起到至关重要的作用。

三、修辞上力求通俗易懂

一般说来,散文中修辞格用得相当少。但张培基先生在翻译中对于这一小部分语言要素也不忽略,认真处理,

使译文没有生硬的感觉。例如:

1. ??在交际上不许你不计较,不许你不打算,结果彼此都“钩心斗角”,像七巧板似的只选定了某一方面和对方去结合。———《中年人的寂寞》(明喻)

??and cannot choose but become more calculating in social dealings till they start scheming against each other. They always keep a wary eye ,as it were ,on each other in their association.

此句修辞格采用意译法处理。如果直译为like a jigsawpuzzle ,势必会引起误解。

2. 我每走到一个新地方,我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。———《朋友》(比喻)

Whatever new places I called at ,I always felt at home as if Iwere back in my old residence in Shanghai which had already beenraged to the ground by Japanese troops.

此句用增词法处理,原文修辞部分的意义更加明确。

3. 他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃。

———《朋友》(借代)

He also says that I would have nothing to live on once Ishould lay down my pen.

意译法处理该句符合英语表达习惯,如直译为“have norice to eat”,一定会引起歧义,让人费解。

4. 弓儿似的新月,挂在树梢。———《笑》(明喻)

The crescent newmoon looked as if hanging on the tips ofthe trees.

译文仍然用比喻的修辞手法翻译原文的比喻,但却转移了喻体, “弓儿似的”如果直译成bow - like ,看似形象,但不符合英语对新月的描述习惯,译文将比喻落在了动作上,形象地再现了“新月挂树梢”的样子。

5. 木匠老陈那时不过四十岁光景,脸长得像驴子脸。

———《木匠老陈》Carpenter Lao Chen was then only about forty years old ,witha longish face like that of a donkey ??

此句采用直译法,既传达了意愿,又兼顾了译文的习惯。

6. 什么有轮齿的锯子啦,有两个耳朵的刨子啦??

———《木匠老陈》(暗喻)

such as the saw with toothed blade ,the plane with two ear -like handles.

增词法符合英语表达习惯。

以上例句对修辞的处理恰到好处,把原文的修辞意义用朴实地道的语言表现了出来,与散文文体本身的风格是一致的。

四、逻辑关系清晰

英语通常采用形合法连接,而汉语却用意合法连接。

也就是说,英语造句用各种“形式手段”来连接词、语、分句或从句,注重显性接应,表达语法意义和逻辑关系;而汉语通过词语或分句的“含义”表达语法意义和逻辑关系[4 ] (P48 - 49) 。汉译英至关重要的一步就是弄清汉语各句之间的逻辑关系。张培基先生在翻译散文时,使用适当的句型表现逻辑关系,译文通俗易懂。例如:

1. 那年冬天,祖母死了,父亲的差使也交卸了,正是祸不单行的日子?? ———《背影》Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than twoyears ago ,grandma died and father lost his job.

原文事实在前,结论在后;译文结论在前,事实在后。

调整结论与事实的顺序,更符合西方人逻辑思维习惯。

2. 世代为地主耕种,家境是贫穷的,和我们来往的朋友也都是老老实实的贫苦农民。———《母亲的回忆》From generation to generation ,they tilled land for landlordsonly to eke out a bare subsistence.

“only to”表明一种结果关系。

3. 可是她的时间大半给家务和耕种占去了,没法照顾孩子,只好让孩子们在地里爬着。———《母亲的回忆》But she was too busily occupied with household chores andfarming to look after the kids so that they were left alone crawlingabout in the fields.

too ?to ?表示一种逻辑上的因果关系, so that 表示结果。

4. ??我们叫做“家织布”,有铜钱那样厚,一套衣服老大穿过了,老二老三接下来穿还穿不烂。

———《母亲的回忆》It was as thick as a copper coin and was so durable that

theeldest brother had grown out of the home - spun garment ,it couldstill be used by the second and third brothers in turn without beingworn out.

增词法和so ?that ?句型表现一种因果关系。

5. 父亲有时吸点旱烟,喝点酒,母亲管束着我们,不允许我们沾染上一点。———《母亲的回忆》To prevent us fromfalling into the same habit ,mother kept uschildren under strict control.

To + 短语置于句首, 体现了“目的性”,同时表示一种逻辑上的因果关系。

可见,汉语中那些隐藏的逻辑关系,在翻译成英文后借助各种连接词、特殊句型等都能清清楚楚地表达出来,

这和张先生的个人素养是分不开的。

五、对文化障碍进行增补或诠释

文化因素如果处理不当,就会成为理解的障碍。对于散文来说,任何令人费解的成分都是应该清除的。张培基先生采用了增词法、意译法等消除了这些障碍。例如:

1. 有时也兼做点农作, 芒种的时节, 便帮人家插秧?? ———《为奴隶的母亲》Sometimes he also worked in the fields ;early each summerhe turned farm - hand ?

芒种是中国的24 节气之一,直译法必须加注,否则会让人费解,意译法简洁明了。

2. 可是想要结婚,第一要有钱,第二要有闲,第三要有职,这潘驴??的五个条件,却也很不容易办到。

———《谈结婚》But , to get married , you need to have five prerequisites ,

namely ,money ,leisure ,employment ,good looks and potentness ,of which all are not always available.

“潘驴”源自《金瓶梅》第三回,指“潘安的貌”和“驴大行货”,在原文中指第四、第五个条件。张先生用意译法处理,化解了文化障碍。

3. ??那真是祖宗三代的楣都要倒尽,那里还有什么“官人请! 娘子请!”的唱随之乐可说呢? ———《谈结婚》With such a terrible misfortune befalling your family , howcould you still have wedded bliss to speak of ?

“官人请! 娘子请!”是中国文化表达闺房之乐的典型例子,如果直译,西方人一定会茫然不知其意。用类属词就克服了文化差异。

4. 他姓差,名不多。———《差不多先生传》His surname is Cha and his given name ,Buduo ,which altogether mean“About the Same”.

此句用增补法,补充了中文“差不多”的意义,目的语读者就能理解这篇文章的中心内容了。

文化因素经过合理处理,以读者能够理解的形式进入目的语。对保存散文“质朴”的风格也起了很大的作用。

正如《中国散文翻译的新收获》一文对张先生的这本译著这样评价:“如果只读《英译中国现代散文选》(汉英对照) 中的英文,你不会觉得这是译文,不会觉得其英文是出自一位中国人的手。译者不仅在句子层面上力求做到语言自然流畅、准确细致、雅俗得当,而且又特别着意语篇神韵的再创造,力求既完美地保持原文的信息、原文的功能又译出原文的风格或味道来。”[ 2 ] (P61)

可见,张先生在散文翻译方面所取得的成绩,大家有目共睹,可取之处很多。仔细阅读,还可发掘出许多有益的翻译技巧。本文只是抛砖引玉,以求更多更全面的评述。

参考文献:

[1 ] 李明. 张培基先生的英译文《落花生》赏析[J ] . 中国翻译,1997 , (4) .

[2 ] 朱曼华. 中国散文翻译的新收获[J ] . 中国翻译,2000 ,

(3) .

[3 ] 张培基. 英译中国现代散文选[M] . 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.

[4 ] 连淑能. 英汉对比研究[M] . 北京:高等教育出版社,

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浅谈英语散文风格

大众文艺大众文艺 47 摘要:散文风格是鉴赏散文的重要要素之一,是散文独特的语 言表达方式。散文风格的研究有利于对散文的鉴赏、理解和翻译。从 英语散文的文体特征来看,优秀的散文通过词汇、句法、修辞语言的 巧妙运用,体现其特有的风格,给读者传递美的享受。 关键词:英语散文;风格;修辞 一、散文风格的定义 风格一词适用于各种艺术形式,是指艺术作品在整体上呈现 出的具有代表性的独特面貌。而文学风格则是结合了文学与语言学的特点,广义而言代表一类文学作品的特点,狭义而言则体现为不同作家使用语言的特征。英语是一种形合的语言,句子有完整的结构形式,句子的各个成分要用外在的语言形式手段连接起来。缺少显性机制,语篇就会不完整。因此,英语散文语言形式上的特征显得尤为重要。一般说来,散文的风格体现在文章的词汇、句法和修辞性语言中。 二、美感在散文风格中的体现 对于一篇优秀的散文,它抒发真情实感,引起读者的共鸣, 同时也依靠文体展示了英语语言文字之美。文体是作者与读者交流的工具。在字里行间中读者能体会到作者的个性,并获得审美

的享受。下面我们就在实例中分析散文的美感是如何通过文体风格传递的。 常有人认为,要写出好的散文,一定要使用很长的看似很高 级的词语,再将其揉进复杂冗长的句型里,仿佛这样才能凸显出作者的深奥和文章的深度。然而这样精心雕琢出的散文就如同给一个清新纯朴的小姑娘硬是披上贵妇人的奢华外套,其效果往往不是作者所期。真正有创意的人不考虑如何“标新立异”,他能 摒弃矫揉造作,把率真、自然的文风呈现在读者面前,而往往真挚的散文能够表达强烈的情感。在安妮.迪勒德的经典散文《像 黄鼠狼一样活着》(Living Like Weasels)中,通篇使用非正式的语气,用第一人称的口吻,如一篇私人日记般的将事件娓娓道来。文章多使用短句,形式也多采用简单句,节奏明快却直奔主题。比如开篇第一句“A weasel is wild.”,接着用生动的 行为动词描绘黄鼠狼如何与猎物搏斗, “bite his prey at the neck”, “split the jugular vein at the throat”, “crunch the brain at the base of the skull”, “he does not let go”等,开篇便给读者留下深刻印象。作者笔下的描述,绝不拖泥带水,铿锵有力的印上读者心头,勾勒出黄鼠狼所代表的大自然和作者所代表的人类世界之间的对立,表达了作者对自然界动物生存方式的赞赏,点明主题,也给读者留下这样的印象:作者观点新颖,且字据有理。

张培基散文翻译语言点精要

张培基散文翻译语言点精要 1. It is sometimes beset with…有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a…can help…唯有...才能/全靠…才能够 3. rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles一泻千里 4. Fare likewise.正如这样 5. Now…, now….有时…,有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of…更能让人产生一种…之感 7.…is now confronted with a…section of its course……现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8.…, however, can only be shared by…而…,只有…样的人才可体会到 9.Thepresent…criscanneverobstacletheadvanceof…目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步。 1 0." Let us brace up our spirit and march through…让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 1 1." The greatest joy of…, is to…during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里…,亦是最大的乐趣。 1 2." Grow restless变得焦躁不安Beg to differ恕不同意/持反对意见 1 3." Dash here and there in search o f…跑来跑去的寻找 1

张培基英译散文选3

张培基英译现代散文选3 The Commercial Press and I Unable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念 With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistake Enter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍 Co-compile with sb.与…合编 I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…(小说月报)With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作 Do proofreading看校样 It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。 He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。 Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志 Sports requisites体育器械 …boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。A galaxy of talent人才济济 Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长 …are still living and enjoy good health健在 It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。《什么事不可能》Nothing Is Impossible to a Willing Mind 中国古代神话classical Chinese mythology 《封神传》Canonization of the Gods Make aviation experiments 不过这还是极少数“痴子”的信心,一般人还是嗤之以鼻。 Yet the handful of“dreamers”of those days were subjected to jeers and laughters. 学徒出身的发明家an apprentice-turned-inventor Without the above-mentioned early trailblazers, there would be no human flight to speak of today. 对于飞机大饶兴趣(sb. be) enamored of the flying machine. …不是一蹴而成的。Orville’s 1903 plane was something he accomplished after going through numerous setbacks. Made their first glider(滑翔机)patterned after a paper kite(纸鸢) 所以能向前努力者,无论成败,都有贡献。Therefore, succeed or fail, one is considered to have made a contribution so long as he has tried his utmost. In the face of obstacles面对困难 You need to take much time, do a lot of planning, go through countless procedures and carry out many improvements. And you’ll never make it unless you show the utmost patience. 《说开卷有益》On “Reading Is Always Beneficial” 现在多了一点智识,反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。Now I know better than to do that. (明事理而不至于…) 可是坏书读了,而知道它的坏的原因与地方,岂不也是一得?After reading a bad book, we know all the whys and wherefores of its being bad.Isn’t that something of benefit to us too? 《当教师的快乐》Joys of the Teaching Career

散文翻译技巧和特点word版本

一、翻译散文的要领: 第一、准确把握原文的内容和风格。朴实无华有口语化倾向,典雅华丽浪漫抒情,还是修辞多样形式工整? 第二、在语言、句式、结构、修辞等方面忠实地重现原文的内容与风格。 二、现代散文特点 通过对现实生活中某些片断或生活事件的描述,表达作者的观点、感情,并揭示其社会意义,它可以在真人真事的基础上加工创造;不一定具有完整的故事情节和人物形象,而是着重于表现作者对生活的感受,具有选材、构思的灵活性和较强的抒情性,散文中的“我”通常是作者自己;语言不受韵律的限制,表达方式多样,可将叙述、议论、抒情、描写融为一体,也可以有所侧重;根据内容和主题的需要,可以像小说那样,通过对典型性的细节欲生活片段,作形象描写、心理刻画、环境渲染、气氛烘托等,也可像诗歌那样运用象征等艺术手法,创设一定的艺术意境。 三、要素 第一、所谓优美,就是指散文的语言清新明丽(也美丽),生动活泼,富于音乐感,行文如涓涓流水,叮咚有声,如娓娓而谈,情真意切。 第二、所谓凝练,是说散文的语言简洁质朴,自然流畅,寥寥数语就可以描绘出生动的形象,勾勒出动人的场景,显示出深远的意境。散文力求写景如在眼前,写情沁人心脾。 四、在《英译中国现代散文选》中,翻译家张培基先生保存散文风格方面的技巧值得学 习:句子短小、精悍,结构简单;用词简单、明了;修辞处理合理,力求通俗易懂; 语言逻辑关系清晰;对文化因素处理得体,读者对译文无理解障碍。以上技巧的合理运用,翻译工作者可以此为鉴。 五、散文翻译原则: 1、文气贯通,气韵生动 英国散文翻译家Hilaire Belloc 为文学散文翻译制定了6 条原则,认为翻译的本质是异地之魂假借本地之躯的复活(the essence of translating is the resurrection of an alien thing in a native body) ,强调散文的翻译不能拘泥于原文之字句,要视段落或部分为整体。翻译要“以意译意( translate intention by intention) ”,以意译意”与林语堂提倡的翻译要“翻译要遵循行文之心理”是高度一致的,这样可以摆脱原文字句的束缚,有利于发挥译入语的优势。 2、传神写照———“意,气,文”三位一体 在散文翻译中,我们要想译得曲尽其妙,须得传神地摹写作者的气质神韵。每一个作者有每一个的个性特点、气质精神,着手翻译之前,要先对作者进行深入的研究,把握其时代背景、人生经历、创作风格等,这样的翻译方能做到传神达意,否则,难免貌合神离 3、文学翻译非文字翻译 讲求整体效果,即“神韵”。有些表面忠实的译文,失去了散文的文采,文雅,便失去了自身的价值,终究是失败的译文。 六、从篇章翻译看散文翻译 1、标题的翻译技巧 眼睛对于人来说, 是他们心灵的窗户; 而标题对于一篇文章来说, 就是它的眼睛。标题凌驾于篇章之上, 却植根于篇章之中。在翻译时必须牢记: 一是真正看懂全文之后再决定译名; 二是译出的标题必须符合通用的翻译标准: 忠实、通顺、有美感。在翻译标题 时, 译者充分考虑了两种语言的不同习惯和不同的文化、社会背景, 注重准确选词、增词、结构转换和结合上下文语境的理解来完成。

张培基英译现代散文选1

张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现,发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age Confirmed = habitual Confirmed = habitual Congenial disposition 天性 convulsive sob cool one ’s heel Cordially

张培基英译现代散文选1

1 张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现,发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age

2019考研翻硕张培基散文笔记

《雾》 Fog 茅盾 Mao Dun |译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》 但在白天看来,却就平凡得很。并排的五六个山峰,差不多高低,就只最西的一峰戴着一簇房子,其余的仅只有树;中间最大的一峰竟还有濯濯地一大块,像是癞子头上的疮疤。现在那照例的晨雾把什么都遮没了;就是稍远的电线杆也躲得毫无影踪。In the daytime,however,it was all prosaic.The five or six peaks forming the front row were about the same height.The westernmost one had on top a cluster of houses while the rest were topped by nothing but trees.The highest one in the middle had on it a large piece of barren land,like the scar on a favus-infected human head.Now,as usual,the morning fog had shut out everything completely,including the not-too-distant wire poles. 要点: 1,“并排的五六个山峰”多重定语,分前后,其中表状态的“并排的”可以后置,译为The five or six peaks forming the front row 2,“中间最大的一峰”中表位置的“中间“可以后置译为The highest one in the middle 3,“濯濯”指山坡上光秃秃的样子,译为barren land 4,“癞子头”是指黄廯感染的头,译为favus-infected human head 4,文中出现多次表示“遮盖”的词,译者根据不同语境,分别用了veil,shut out, shroud,obliterate作同义替换,记得总结哦 综述: 本段重点依旧在于多重定语的翻译,表位置和状态的定语可以后置译为状语~ 渐渐地太阳光从浓雾中钻出来了。那也是可怜的太阳呢!光是那样的淡弱。随后它也躲开,让白茫茫的浓雾吞噬了一切,包围了大地。

散文翻译

散文翻译Translation of essays 什么是散文? 广义而言,凡是不属于韵文的文章都可称为散文。西方人甚至把小说也包括在散文之内;我国有些现代叙事性文章名为散文,但称之为小说也无不可。不过,严格说来,我们说的散文应相当于西方的Essay,与诗歌(poem)、小说(novel)、戏剧(drama)并起并坐,文字一般都比较短小精炼,如随笔、小品文、杂感、游记、日记、书信、回忆录、通讯报道等等。 英汉散文的特点 散文是一种最灵活、最自由的文体。它篇幅短小、题材广泛;结构散而不乱,形式灵活;散文的语言充分体现了汉语多辞藻华美,或文意浓郁,文采飞扬的特点;然而英语则措辞简洁、文意客观、文采朴素。英汉语言的天然差异给散文的翻译带来很大的困难,散文的翻译不能机械地直译。 散文翻译的特点 散文的特点决定了散文的翻译必须是灵活地将“形”与“神”统一。许渊冲在谈到文学翻译时说:“文学翻译不单是译词,还要译意:不单要译意,还要译味。”,并形象地用数学公式表达为:“译词:1+1=1(形似),译意:1+1=2(意似),译味:1+1=3(神似)”。 所谓“译味”,是指译者要注意作者的语言风格。下笔翻译之前先辨别文章的文体色彩,熟悉不同文体的语言风格;更重要的是,要善于运用译入语中不同文体的语言风格来再现原文的语言风格,使译文与原文的文体色彩相符合,达到形式与功能的对等。 注意汉英散文翻译中的民俗文化误译 他是趟着雾走的,步子很飘,他背着花篓,篓里装着粮食,鼓的。”(《家乡》) 译文: He went off walking on air, his steps fairly flew. On his back he lugged an embroidered basket,in the basket bags of grain-bulging-ones stood at attention.“花篓”翻译成“embroidered basket”是不恰当的。“embroider”的意思是“刺绣”,翻译成诸如“basket with patterns”之类的形式才正确。 朱自清《背影》英译例谈 《背影》是朱自清的早期散文作品。作者使用提炼的口语,文笔秀丽、细腻缜密,读来有一种亲切委婉、娓娓动听的感觉。 张培基先生的英译《背影》以保持原作的口语风格为要,遣词造句通俗简洁,朴实无华,最大限度地再现了原文信息,达到了与原文极其相似的功能。 词汇层面:理解到位,用词准确、简单、通俗 (1)那年冬天,祖母死了,父亲的差使也交卸了,…… 译文:In the winter of two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. …(2)……一半为了丧事,一半为了赋闲。 译文:Between grandma’s funeral and father’s unemployment, … (3)父亲因为事忙,本已说定不送我,叫旅馆里一个熟识的茶房陪我同去。 译文:Father said he was too busy to go and see me off at the railway station, but would ask a hotel waiter that he knew to accompany me there instead. (4)行李太多了,得向脚夫行些小费,才可过去。他便又忙着和他们讲价钱。 译文: There was quite a bit of luggage and he had to bargain with the porter over the fee.

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