地下水试卷

2006——2007学年第一学期地下水水文学期末试卷

(水文与水资源工程专业03级)

班级学号姓名成绩

I. 名词解释（每题3分，共15分）

1、潜水、潜水位、潜水埋深（并图示之）

2、含水层、隔水层

3、非均质各向同性介质（并图示之）

4、完整井与非完整井（并图示之）

5、可(允许)开采量

Ⅱ. 判断题（对请打― √ ‖错请打― × ‖）（每题2分，共16分）

1、渗流速度是地下水通过岩土空隙面积流动所产生的流速。（）

2、地下水资源评价就是对地下水资源的数量及其时空分布特征进行分析和估计。

（）

3、泉是地下水的天然露头，是地下水排泄的一种重要形式。（）

4、从容水度较大的岩层中打井取水，可获得较大的水量。（）

5、一般情况下，潜水的分布区与补给区往往是一致的。（）

6、含水层渗透系数数值的大小只取决于含水介质的特征。（）

7、在地下水各种类型的排泄中，盐分都随同水分一起同时排走。（）

8、含水层中含有一定量的地下水，而隔水层中是绝对不含水的。（）Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks (5 at 3 points each–15 pts.). 填空题（每题3分，共15分）

1. V oids are different in their size, shape, irregularity, and distribution, which can be classified into , and by the cause of formation.

2. , and are the main natural discharge types from groundwater system.

3. The main recharge sources of groundwater include: ,

and .

4. There are lots of factors influencing porosity, such as ,

and .

5. The 7 most common ions found in groundwater are: , ,

, , , and .

Ⅳ. Choosing (8 at 2 points each–16 pts.).选择题（每题2分，共16分）

1.Which is the correct order of hydraulic conductivity (LOW T0 HIGH)?( )

a. clay, silt, sand, gravel

b. silt, clay, sand, gravel

c. silt, clay, gravel, sand

d. clay, sand, silt, gravel

2. What is the dimension of transmissivity? ( )

a. L T-1

b. L2 T-1

c. L-1

d. dimensionless

3. The discharge per unit area of porous medium for a unit hydraulic gradient normal to that area is the definition of: ( )

a. specific yield

b. permeability

c. transmissivity

d. hydraulic conductivity

4. _______ is a good estimate for the specific yield of a sand aquifer. ( )

a. 0.60

b. 0.25

c. 0.05

d. <0.01

5. _______ is the process by which water enters the groundwater system or, more precisely, enters the phreatic zone. ( )

a. Discharge

b. Subflow

c. Recharge

d. Transpiration

6. Groundwater flow to a surface water body (river, lake or swamp) is termed as: ( )

a. recharge

b. evapotranspiration

c. runoff

d. baseflow

7. The condition in whic h the permeability doesn’t vary with direction is:( )

a. homogeneity

b. inhomogeneity

c. isotropy

d. anisotropy

8. The correct order of the following presented in the table is: ( )

a. (1) porosity, (2) specific yield, (3) hydraulic conductivity

b. (1) specific yield, (2) porosity, (3) hydraulic conductivity

c. (1) porosity, (2) specific yield, (3) transmisivity

d. (1) specific yield, (2) porosity, (3) transmisivity

Ⅴ. Read the following questions carefully and give your answers briefly. (22 pts.).分析简答题（共22分）

1. Please mark capillary zone, unsaturated zone and saturated zone properly. (3 pts.)

2. There are four main hydrogeological properties of rock and soil, and the following

figure contains three curves which represent three of the properties. Please, for each line write down the property it represents. (3 pts.)

curve_1:

curve_2:

curve_3:

3. The following figure describes the change of groundwater level during stage A and B, and what information can you find? Give your explanations of this phenomenon. (5 pts.)

4. Please mark or indicate the items (including unconfined aquifer, confined aquifer, area of flowing wells) clearly. (3 pts.)

5.Please list at least four advantages of groundwater resources. (4 pts.)

6. Describe briefly (or list) four environmental-geological problems that may occur when an aquifer is overdrafted or overexploited. (4 pts.)

Ⅵ. 计算题（共16分）

1. 已知河间地块含水层为中砂，其渗透系数K为10m/d，两河流水位分别为h1 = 5m 和h2 = 1m ，其间距L= 300m（如图所示），试求含水层的单宽流量。当渗透系数K为5m/d，求出此时含水层的单宽流量，问渗透系数K的变化对流量有何影响（6分）。

2、在无限分布的均质各向同性承压含水层中，有一完整井以800m3/d的涌水量进行抽水试验。在距主孔10 m处有一观测孔，其观测资料已点绘在下图中，试计算含水层的水文地质参数，即导水系数、弹性释水系数、导压系数(10分)。（注：t0 = 0.002 min ）