动名词用法

动名词

特征

动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式，由动词原形加“-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，其动词特征表现为可以带宾语、状语或表语。

The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records．(带宾语)

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer．(带状语)

Censure is the tax a man pays to the public for being eminent．责难是一个人因为出名而向公众交的税。(带表语) 此外，动名词的动词特征还表现在它的语态和时态变化上。例如：

There is more pleasure in loving than in being loved．(一般被动式)

I know nothing about his having served in the army．(完成式)

成分

(一) 作主语

1) 动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验

Talking mends no holes．Promising is the eve of giving．

Talking to him is talking to a wall．

2)有时先用it作形式主语。把-ing形式置于句尾it is no use/good/useless/ a waste of…/fun/pleasure doing sth it is no use complaining It's nice seeing you again．lt is fun playing with children．

3) “There is+ no 后可以用动名词作主语, 表示“没法……”

There was no telling when this might happen again．

There is no hiding of evil but to do it ．

比较：There is no sense/point/use (in) doing sth

(二) 作表语动名词作表语也表示一种概念、习惯或经验。

Seeing is believing．眼见为实。My job is teaching senior students English.

(三) 做定语表示所修饰名词的用途。这时，可以改写成由for作定语的短语。

a new swimming suit（=suit for swimming）.a walking stick

a swimming pool游泳池 a walking stick拐杖 a reading room a bathing cap

a changing room更衣室 a waiting room等候室，候诊室

a watering can喷壶 a guessing game猜字游戏an ironing board a collecting tin募捐盒

a hiding place藏身处 a racing bicycle赛车

(四) 作宾语常跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语有

admit承认advise建议allow允许avoid避免cannot help禁不住can't stand经受不住consider考虑delay推迟enjoy喜欢finish完成give up放弃imagine想象include包括keep保持keep on 持续：mind介意miss错过put off推迟permit允许practise练习resist抵抗suggest建议

<避免错过少延期avoid, miss, put off, postpone 建议完成多练习suggest, finish, practice 喜欢想象经不住enjoy, imagine, can't help 承认否定与妒忌admit, deny, envy 逃避冒险莫原谅escape, risk, excuse, 忍受保持不介意stand, keep, mind>

Avoid overeating I advised taking a different approach．

2) 许多短语动词也可以用动名词作宾语She kept on working although she was tired．

在(be)worth后也可跟动名词作宾语：New York is a city worth visiting

3) 有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。有时两者意思不同, 这类动词有：forget, remember , forget, mean, try, go on

I'11 never forget hearing Chaliapin singing in that opera．He forgets to pay me I couldn't help feeling jealous when he was promoted over my head．

4) 有时两种结构只有细微的差别，例如在like，love, prefer，hate，dread等动词之后，动名词多表示一般情况。不定式多表示即将发生的事, 它们如果用在would后面，只能接不定式形式

I prefer walking alone．We preferred to walk there．我们宁愿步行到那里。

He hated thinking／to think about it .

She loves having／to have lots of young men round her．

I’d like to have a word with you

(五)作介词的宾语

高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳

be/get/become used to 习惯于be given to 喜欢；癖好be related to 与…有关系

be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于

be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于be admitted to 被…录取；准进入be reduced to 沦为reduce…to…使…沦为be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋be adjusted to 适应

be known to 为…所知be married to 和…结婚be sentenced to被判处

be connected to 和…连在一起be exposed to 暴露于；遭受be compared to 被比喻成

compare… to…把…比作…be/become/ get accustomed to//accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯

be engaged to 与…订婚get down to 着手做lead to 导致

object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起

look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意stick to 坚持

attend to 专心；注意；照料；see to 负责；注意contribute to对…作贡献；有助于

make contributions to对…作贡献apply oneself to 致力于come close to几乎；将近

reply to 回答add to 增加add up to 加起来in addition to除…之外

turn to转向；求助于feel up to 能胜任于look up to 尊敬admit to承认

belong to 属于take to 喜爱；开始cling to 附着fall to 开始

respond to 回答；对…作出回应accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于amount to等于

set an example to 给…树立榜样refer to 谈到；参考；查阅

agree to sth. 同意某事（比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事）prefer… to…更喜欢

take/make a trip to到…地方去join…to…把…和…连接起来turn a blind eye to对…视而不见

turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻show honour to向…表示敬意

put an end to(bring… to an end) 结束drink (a toast) to 为……干杯

propose a toast to 提议……set fire to 放火烧……occur to sb. 想起；想到total up to 总计达be close to 几乎；将近hold to 坚持；抓住help oneself to 随便用……hold on to 抓住；固守do harm to 对……有害处

do wrong to 冤枉某人date back to 追溯到come to 来到；达到；结果为

(比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事) when it comes to…谈到……时give an eye to着眼于

have an eye to doing 打算describe to 向……描述treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃……

trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人pay a visit to 参观……the key to……的答案

access to 进入；取得的方法on one’s way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中

be a stranger to 不习惯；对……陌生be kind to 对……和善be important to 对……重要

be senior to 年龄长于……be junior to年龄小于……be equal to 和……相等

be particular to ……所特有的（比较：be particular about 对……过于讲究；挑剔）

be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭\受\患be familiar to 为……熟悉

be similar to 和……相似be open to 对……开放be loyal to 对……忠诚

be helpful to对……有益处be useful to对……有用be good to sb对某人好

（比较：be good for 对……有益处）be bad to 对……不好be bad for（比较：对……有害处）

be new to 对……不习惯；对……陌生next to（否定词前）几乎；next to ……的旁边

due to 由于；归因于……be due to do sth.预定要做某事owing to 由于；因……的缘故

thanks to 多亏了；由于as to 关于；至于in/with regard to 关于

in/with relation to 关于；就……而论according to 根据subject to 在……条件下；依照

专项练习：

1. The engine of the plane was out of order and the thunderstorm ______ the helplessness of the pilot in the sky.

A. added to

B. made up

C. led to

D. took over

2. –-What a large and bright room！Is it a classroom?

---No. It _____ the students’ reading—room. A. refers to B. stands for C. is meant for D. makes up of

3. It was foolish of him to _______ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.

A. stick to

B. refer to

C. keep to

D. point to

4. Eating too much fat can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

A. result from

B. devote to

C. attend to

D. contribute to

动名词的复合结构

动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示。带有逻辑主语的动名词形式称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。

1)名词所有格形式其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句。

John's having seen her did not make her worried．

Her coming to help encouraged all of us．

2)普通格形式

①逻辑主语是有生命的名词时，用名词或代词所有格，作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格，若作宾语，逻辑主语也可用普通格)。

Mary's being made her mother upset．

Would you mind my （me）using your telescope?

②逻辑主语是无生命的名词或抽象概念名词时，只用普通格。

He is in the belief of money being everything．

③逻辑主语是以s结尾的名词或是以一个以上名词构成的词组，只用普通格。

I'm astonished at Mary and Henry getting married．

④逻辑主语是数词、指示代词或不定代词this，that，somebody，someone, nobody，none，anybody，anyone 时，一般用普通格。

This cannot be said without someone getting angry．

注意：

①现在分词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语只能用物主代词或名词(即普通格)，不能用其所有格

I dislike his coming without a ring in advance．我讨厌他不打个电话就来

②动名词的逻辑主语用作介词with的宾语时，应该用普通格。例如：

It was a cosy room with a fan spinning overhead．这是一间舒适的房间，风扇在上空旋转着。

1)许多合成词由“动名词+名词”构成在这个合成词中，动名词表示一种特殊的目的。

a swimming pool游泳池 a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a bathing cap浴帽

a changing room更衣室 a waiting room等候室，候诊室 a watering can喷壶 a guessing game猜字游戏an ironing board熨衣板 a collecting tin募捐盒 a hiding place藏身处 a racing bicycle赛车2)还有一类合成词由“形容词(名词)+动名词”构成

deep-ploughing深耕close-planting密植physical training体育(锻炼) job-hunting找工作weightlifting举重(运动) sightseeing观光window-shopping浏览商店橱窗tap dancing踢踏舞

有些动名词已成为名词，有些为不可数名词：

boating划船bowling打保龄球yachting乘坐游艇surfing冲浪dancing跳舞mountaineering登山有些为可数名词：

painting画sa)ring俗话warning警告meaning意思ending结局feeling感觉

有些甚至经常以复数形式出现：

findings调查结果savings积蓄surroundings环境sufferings苦难earnings挣的钱belongings财物

动名词的形式

(一)动名词的形式及意义

动名词的时态意义Doing ---having done

与动词不定式一样，动名词也没有独立的绝对的时态意义，它的时态意义从属于句中谓语动词的时态。动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在其后发生，或表示一般情况；动名词完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit．早睡早起是好习惯。

Doctors advise giving up smoking．医生建议戒烟。

l don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere

Thank you for having given us so much help yesterday．

(二)动名词的被动形式being done--- having been done

He hates being interrupted．l appreciate being given this opportunity．I object to being treated like this．She openly talked of having been let down谈到被人涮了。

(三)动名词有时需要完成形式，可作动词的宾语或介词的宾语

He denied having been there．他否认到过那里。

He reported having met only a cyclist．他报告说只碰到一个骑车的人。

He accused me of having broken my word．他指责我不守信用。

动名词和不定式在用法方面的一些比较

1)可以接动词不定式或动名词的动词或短语动词

常见的有：love，like，hate，prefer，dislike，intend，attempt，propose，want．need，remember，forget，regret，neglect，try，deserve，omit，dread，decline，scorn，delay，loathe，can't bear，can't endure等。某些这类词的两种接续在意义上几乎没有区别。

2)动名词和动词不定式在表示动作和时间等方面的差别

一般来说，动名词表示一般习惯，抽象概念，泛指已成为过去的动作，时间概念不强，不是某一次动作。而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的或特定的动作，或是现在或将来的动作。

I like going ballooning．(泛指) 我喜欢乘气球。

They like to go ballooning at weekends．(特指) 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩。

I prefer to keep clear of town during the rush-hour．(特指)我不愿意在交通拥挤的时间去市区。

I prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold．(泛指)天冷时我喜欢呆在屋内。

3) 在begin, start，continue，cease等词后用动名词还是用动词不定式

在动词begin，start，continue，cease，intend，bother，omit等后面跟动名词或是动词不定式，含义并无大的差别；但如果表示有意识地“开始或停止做某事”，多用动名词，而不定式则表示情况发生变化。

The days start to lengthen in March．三月份白昼开始变长。

We need to start discussing practicalities．我们需要着手讨论实际问题。

Let's begin doing the job from now on．我们从现在开始来做这项工作吧。

4)动词不定式和动名词的逻辑主语

动词不定式的逻辑主语常是句子主语或句中的某个词；而动名词的逻辑主语可能是句子主语或句子中的某个词，也可能是泛指一般人，在句子里是找不到的。

I hate to go there alone．我不愿自己一个人去那里。(自己去)

I hate splitting in the streets．我不喜欢随地吐痰。(可以指自己，也可能指别人)

5)有些动词或短语后面跟动词不定式和跟动名词所表示的意义完全不同，有时甚至相反．

这类动词如stop，quit，leave off，remember，forget，regret，try，want，can't help，mean，cease，scorn，deserve，learn，go on，chance等。

I try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercises．

6)动名词和动词不定式作逻辑宾语

动名词和动词不定式可以作逻辑宾语，用it充当形式宾语。不定式作逻辑宾语极为晋遍。例如：

I find it difficult to finish the job before 5．我觉得五点之前完成工作有点困难。

She considers it impossible to master a foreign language in a month

但动名词作逻辑宾语只限于少数句型，一般用在useless，worthwhile, senseless，fun, no use no good, any good，a waste of time等后。其中，worthwhile后用动名词或不定式作逻辑宾语均可。

He found it no good saying that again and again．

She thinks worthwhile helping those in need、

She thinks it worthwhile to help in need．

高中非谓语动词易错题型练习

1 (1) I regret ____ you that your mother is absent in Beijing. ⑵I don’t regret ____ her what I thought even if it might

have upset her. A. to tell B. to telling C. having told D. tell

2. ⑴ We don’t allow _____ in the reading room. ⑵We don’t allow them _____ in the reading room.

A. to smoke

B. smoking

C. smoke

D. smoked

3.(1)___hard and you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning. ⑵___hard, you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning. A. Working B. To work C. Work D. Worked

4. ⑴_____ , we went for a swim in the river. ⑵_____, so we went for a swim in the river.

A. Being hot

B. It being hot

C. As it hot

D. It was hot

5.⑴I can’t help ____ when I hear that terrible noise. A. laughing B. laughed C. laugh D. being laughed

(2)I can’t help ____ the room, for I am very busy now. A. clean B. cleaning C. have clean D. cleaned

6.⑴_____from the tower, Dalian looks more beautiful. ⑵_____ from the tower, we can see our beautiful city .

A. Seeing

B. Seen

C. To see

D. Having seen

7. ⑴The sport meet ______ next week is of great importance. ⑵The sports meet ______ now is very important

⑶The sports meet ____ last week is of great importance.

A. holding

B. being held

C. to be held

D. held

8.⑴He raised his voice in order to make us ___ him. ⑵He raised his voice in order to make himself _____.

A. heard

B. hearing

C. hear

D. to be heard

9.(1)He stood there with his eyes _________ his mother．(2)He stood there, _______his mother．

A. staring at

B. stared on

C. fixing upon

D. fixed upon

10.⑴Most of us went to see her, ____ some girls. ⑵Most of us went to see her, some girls ____.

A. include

B. including

C. included

D. to include

11.⑴He was surprised to see some villagers ____ there. ⑵To his surprise, he saw some villagers _____ themselves.

A. seat

B. seated

C. seating

D. to seat

12.⑴The man _____ Zhaosan used to live here. ⑵The man ____ himself Zhaosan used to lived here.

A. called

B. calling

C. to call

D. call

13.⑴He had no choice but ________ at the bus-stop in the rain. ⑵He had nothing to do but ________ at the bus-stop in the rain. A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. should wait.

14.(1) I’m not free this evening because I have a lot of things ______. (2) He was so lazy that he had all of his washing ______. A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. done

15.(1)He often see them _______ football on the playground. ⑵The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.

A. playing

B. played

C. play

D. to play

16.(1) We are considering ___up a new factory here in this town．(2) We are considering how__ up a new factory here in this town．(3) The boy is considered ____a good example to his classmates．

A. setting

B. to set

C. to have set

D. having set

17.(1) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country h e studied in．

(2) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he is studying in．

(3) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he will study in.

A. to study

B. to have studied

C. to be studying

D. having studied

18. (1)I insist that you ______ me my money back．(2)I insisted on your _____me my money back．

A. give

B. to give

C. giving

D. would give

(3)The old man insisted that I ______ his wallet．A. has taken B. took C. should take D. had taken

19. (1)I don't enjoy _____ fun of others. (2)I don't enjoy _____ fun of by others.

A. to make

B. to be made

C. making

D. being made

20.(1)If time _____, I'll go to see my friends tomorrow. (2)Time _____, I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.

A. permitted

B. permits

C. permitting

D. permit

21.(1)He had no choice but ____ aloud the text in the classroom.. (2)He did nothing but _____ aloud the text in the classroom..

A. reading

B. to read

C. read

D. to be reading

22. (1)_____ a good writer, he has a lot of things to learn. (2) ______ a good writer, he wrote a number of articles.

A. To be

B. Being

C. Having

D. Done

23. (1) _____ his wallet ,he became very worried. (2)______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. to lose

B. losing

C. lost

D. having been lost

24.(1) Having finished homework,______. (2) Having been finished, _______.

A. the homework was handed in

B. the teacher praised him

C. he went home with his classmates

D. and he went home quickly

25. Finding her car stolen, ____.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everyone

D. She hurried to a policeman for help

26. (1) The teacher came in,____ the Ss. (2) The teacher came in,____ by the Ss.

A. following

B. followed

C. having followed

D. being followed

27.(1)_____ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (2) _____ a hand to the poor, he felt very happy.

A. give

B. given

C. to give

D. giving

28.(1) Look around when ____ the street. (2) Look around before you ____ the street

A. cross

B. crossing

C. be crossing

D. to be crossing

29. (1)I would like to _____ the holiday with you, so I am sure I will come.

(2)I would like to ____ the holiday with you, but I was really busy last week.

A. spend

B. spending

C. have spent

D. having spent

30. (1) The girl ____ in a colorful skirt looks beautiful. (2) The mother ___ her son must be late for the work.

A. dressed

B. dressing

C. dressed

D. dress