人教版八年级全册知识点整理

[人教版]新目标英语八年级上册知识要点

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?

重点语法：频率副词: 询问别人做某事的频繁程度; 提问用How often 引导特殊疑问句;

回答用always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。

主要频率副词的等级排序：

always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不) 隔一段时间做某事数次用数词+ 时间间隔的结构构成。

重点短语：how often 多久一次as for 至于；关于how many 多少（针对可数名词）how much 多少（针对不可数名词）of course = sure 当然；确信

look after = take care of = care for 照顾；照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多；大量

every day 每一天every night 每晚hardly ever 几乎不

be good for 对……有益be good for one's health 有益健康

try to do sth. 尝试做某事get good grades 取得好成绩

help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事kind of 有点

want [sb.] to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事keep in good health 保持健康

forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)

remember to do记得去做某事(未做)； remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表“离开某地” 2.“leave+地点+for+地点”表“离开某地去某地”

3.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。

so、such与不定冠词的使用 1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。

2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。表示时间的in、on 与at 1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。2. on 主要指在具体的一天。

3 . at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。

exercise的一些用法 1.作不及物动词，译为“运动，锻炼”。2.作及物动词，译为“训练”。

3.作名词，译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。

4.注意：exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词，复数形式为exercises；

泛指运动时是不可数名词。

maybe与may be 1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。

2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。

Unit 2 What's the matter?

重点语法：询问别人如何感觉; 了解人体器官和部位的英文名称

了解一些常见病的英文名称; 告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做

What’s the matter? 怎么了？= What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?

= What’s wrong (with you)? =What’ the matter (with you)?

=What has happened to you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?

重点短语：have a cold 患感冒shouldn't = should not be stressed out 紧张的；有压力的

a few 有些；几个（针对可数名词） a little [bit] 有些；几个（针对不可数名词）

at the moment 此刻；现在What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎么了？

lie down and rest 躺下休息see a doctor 看病hope to do sth. 希望做某事

listen to 听for example 举个例子be good for 对……有益

it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）……（加形容词）

get tired 感到疲倦give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人

need to do sth. 需要做某事I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过

stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit

too many,too much与much too 1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数

2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。

3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。

doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.

=sb. spends dome time/money (on sth.)=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.

=sth. costs sb. some time/money=sb. pay some money for sth.

花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?

重点语法：用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态; 强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行

重点短语：how long 多久get back = come back 回来take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假

a lot = very much 很；非常be going to do sth. 将要去做某事

sound + adj. 听起来……（加形容词）sound like + n. 听起来像……（加名词）

have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快

show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看

want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事

plan to do sth. 计划做某事spend sometime [in] doing sth. 花时间做某事

need to do sth. 需要做某事ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面的事情

go shopping 去购物leave for 离开去某地

Unit 4 How do you get to school?

重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式: 用How 引导特殊疑问句

其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是by doing sth. 或by sth. 的结构。

询问两地的距离用how far 引导特殊疑问句: 回答用be + (distance) + [away] + from 的结构

重点短语：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车how far 多远depend on 依赖于

by boat = take the boat 乘船look at 看by train = take the train 乘火车

by bike = ride one's bike 骑车by subway =take the subway 乘地铁

by plane = take the plane 乘飞机on foot 走路get up 起床

have breakfast 吃早饭leave for somewhere 离开去某地

take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时（三十分钟）

around the world = all over the world 全世界get to school 到学校

think of 认为on weekend 在周末

a number of=many 许多number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数

the number of….的数量，谓语是单数

Unit 5 Can you come to my party?

重点语法：询问并请求某人做某事

重点短语：the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天come over 来访study for a test 复习迎考go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病

have to 不得不；必须（强调客观上）must 不得不；必须（强调主观上）

help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事

too much + n. 太多（针对不可数名词）too many + n. 太多（针对可数名词）

much too + adj. 太……（加形容词）go to the movies 看电影

practice doing sth. 练习做某事thanks for [doing] sth. 为（做）某事而感谢

go to the dentist 看牙医be going to do sth. 将要做某事（该事已计划好）

will do sth. 将要做某事（该事尚未计划）keep quiet 保持安静

try to do sth. 努力（企图）做某事, try doing sth.试着做某事,try one’ best to do sth. 尽力做某事给某人打电话的几种说法: call sb. up, call sb., phone sb., phone to sb., telephone sb., telephone to sb., phone sb. up, ring sb., give sb. a ring, give sb. a phone, make a telephone call to sb.

Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.

重点语法：在两件或多件事物中进行比较; 使用形容词的比较级和最高级

通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加-er(以e结尾的单词直接加r，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成，最高级是在形容词前加the ，形容词后加-est(以e结尾的单词直接加st，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容词big 的原级、比较级和最高级；small → smaller → the smallest 形容词small 的原级、比较级和最高级) 当一个单词有3个或以上音节时，其比较级是在形容词前加more 的结构，其最高级是在形容词前加the most 的结构构成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容词expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级；outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容词outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级)

重点短语：more than 超出…… in common 共同的be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好most of 大多数in some ways 在某些方面the same as 与……一样

make sb. + adj. 让某人（感觉）……（加形容词）stop doing sth. 停止做某事

stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事begin with 以……开始

each other 互相enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴

spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事

plan to do sth. 计划做某事on a farm 在农场be famous for 因…..而著名，因……众所周知；

be famous as 作为……而知名

Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?

重点语法：描述一个过程; 服从别人的指令; 询问做某事的过程用how 引导特殊疑问句分步回答用first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。

重点短语：turn on 打开（电器）[闭合开关] turn off 关闭（电器）[断开开关] cut up 切碎mix up 混合add ... to ... 把……加到……上pour ... into ... 把……浇到……里面

put ... in ... 把……放到……里面put ... on ... 把……放到……上面

a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺it’s easy to do sth.做某事容易

it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要

see you soon盼望很快见到你at the end of…在……结束的时候，在……的尽头

can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事all day=all day long= the whole day 整天，

Unit 8 How was your school trip?

重点语法：一般过去时态结构：主语+ 谓语动词的过去式+ 宾语

谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态do/does 的一般过去时态形式：did

重点短语：hang out 闲逛sleep late 睡过头take photos = take pictures 照相

have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴

at the end of 在……的尽头the class monitor 班长 a day off 一整天

go for a drive 开车兜风have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快

a bowl of 一碗help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事.

too… to…太…….而不……at the age of…在……年龄时

一些不规则动词的原形和过去式：hang → hung buy → bought sleep → slept

read/ri:d/ → read/red/

Unit 9 When was he born?

重点语法：一般过去时态; 谈论著名人物

重点短语：too ... to ... 太……以致不能…… take part in = join 参加because of 因为……

major in 主修；专研start doing sth. 开始做某事（该事已计划好）

start to do sth. 开始做某事（该事尚未计划）spend sometime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起

spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调全局）see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）a year or two 一两年=one or two years; an hour or two=one or two hours一两个小时; a day or two=one or two days一两天somewhere interesting有趣的地方

Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.

重点语法：一般将来时态; do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式：will do；be going to do

两种形式的区别：will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做

be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做

本单元重点强调be going to do 的形式。

重点短语：grow up 成长；长大at the same time 同时all over 遍及

all over the world = around the world 全世界

be going to do sth. 将要做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事study hard 努力学习

take lessons 上课sound + adj. 听起来……（加形容词）

sound like + n. 听起来像……（加名词）save money 存钱

buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb. 给某人买某物buy sth. with the money 用钱买某物

write articles 写文章learn to do sth. 学习做某事get good grades 取得好成绩

play sports 运动keep fit 保持健康write to sb. 给某人写信

enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?

重点语法：委婉请求别人做某事; 引导词用can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态

重点短语：do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗take out 取出make one's bed 整理床铺work on 从事；忙于do chores = do housework 干家务

do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服take care of = care for = look after 照看；照顾

sweep the floor 扫地fold one's clothes 叠衣服go to the movies 看电影

get a ride 骑车go to a meeting 开会hate (to do/doing) sth. 讨厌做某事

like (to do/doing) sth. 喜欢做某事invite sb. to somewhere 邀请某人去某地

go to the store = go shopping 购物forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事尚未做）

forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做过）give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人

buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人on vacation 度假

borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入) lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出)

Unit 12 What's the best radio station?

重点语法：在各事物间进行比较; 用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级

重点短语：close to = near 靠近；接近inexpensive = cheap 便宜的clothing store 服装店radio station 广播站talent show 业余歌手演唱会

it is adj. [for sb.] to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）感觉……（加形容词）

cut the price 打折not ... at all = not ... in the slightest 一点也不

in fact 实际上pay for 为……而付款sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱买了某物

good/well → better → the best 形容词good /副词well 的原级、比较级和最高级

bad/badly → worse → the worst 形容词bad /副词badly 的原级、比较级和最高级

八年级下册重点语法和短语

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

重点语法：一般将来时态的应用do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do

do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done

一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.

否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.

一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?

特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?

重点短语：won't = will not fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物）be able to do sth. 能够做某事come true 实现in the future 未来hundreds of 数以百计的thousands of 数以千计

look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物）will → would 情态动词will 的原形和过去式

fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）

less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）

in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）live alone单独居住feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）

Unit 2 What should I do?

重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done

过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.

否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.

一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?

特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?

重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？

out of style 不时髦的；过时的call sb. up 给某人打电话 pay for sth. 为某事付款part-time job 兼职工作the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样in style 时髦的；流行的

get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处（好）

as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)

all kinds of 各种；许多on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面

ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事

spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事

sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事

find out 查明find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气

be angry at sth. 生某事的气the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样

have fight with sb. 与某人打架learn to do sth. 学会做某事not ... until ... 直到……才……

compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较

it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了may be （情态动词+ 动词原形）可能是

enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)

busy enough 够忙(enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)

surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）

to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是…..

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

重点语法：过去进行时态do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing

do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done

过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.

否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.

一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?

特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?

动词when 和while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。

感叹句结构：(1) How + adj. + the + 主语+ 谓语动词=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主语+ 谓语动词

重点短语：get out 出去；离开take off 起飞run away 逃跑；跑掉come in 进来hear about = hear of 听说take place 发生as ... as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老)

anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方think about 考虑think of 认为

get up = get out of the bed 起床at the doctor's 在诊所all over the world = in the world 全世界

in front of 在……的前面（外部）in the front of 在……的前面（内部）

take place发生（强调必然性）sth. happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）

be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院/在床hear about/of 听说（间接听到）in silence 沉默不语keep silent 保持沉默have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语从句(主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语/表语)

注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。

③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing 形式。

重点短语：first of all = at first 首先pass on 传递be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事

be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好in good health 身体健康get over 克服open up 打开

care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再

get nervous 变得紧张forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做）it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词）

both……and……两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）

neither….nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）

Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!

重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句结构：主句+ if + 条件状语从句; if + 条件状语从句+ [(comma)] + 主句注意：在if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。

重点短语：take away 拿走around the world = all over the world 在世界各地make a living 谋生all the time = always 一直What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？

in order to do sth. 为了做某事make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带to 的不定式。）make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容词）make sb. done 使得某人被做be famous for 为……而出名

be famous as 作为……而出名in class 在课堂上agree to do sth. 答应/同意做

agree on something 同意某人的计划；对….取得一致意见

spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（时间/钱）用于做某事

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

重点语法：现在完成进行时态do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing

do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done

现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.

否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.

一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?

特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?

注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。

重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽by the way 顺便说说be interested in doing sth. 对某事感兴趣

more than 比……多 far away 在远处send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人

would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事in fact 实际上

room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词）

let ... in允许……进入，嵌入 keep…out 不允许。。进入

common → more common → the most common 形容词common 的原级、比较级和最高级

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?

重点语法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事

重点短语：not at all 一点也不turn down 调节使音量变小right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上wait in line 排队等候cut in line 插队等候keep ... down 压低声音；使缓和

at first = first of all 首先take care 当心；小心take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾

break the rule 违规obey the rule 遵守规定put out 熄灭pick sth. up 捡起某物wait for sb. 等候某人

depend on 依赖；依靠get back = return 要回in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,马上

be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上学/上课迟到wait in line=stand in line 排队等候cut in line=jump a queue 插队allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允许某人做/不做某事

be allowed to do /not to do sth. 某人不被允许某人做/不做某事

1.Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?

重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事why don't you do sth. = why not do sth. what about = how about 重点短语：fall asleep 入睡give away 赠送；分发hear of = hear about 听说

take an interest in = be interested in 对……感兴趣make friends with 与……交友

make progress 取得进步 rather than 宁愿…而不是，胜于would do…rather than do宁愿…不愿做

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?

重点语法：现在完成时态do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has) done

do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has) been done

现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。

重点短语：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴on board 在船上end up doing sth. 结束做某事all year round = all over the year 终年

understand → understood → understood 动词understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词

现在完成时态常见标志词

1.already（已经）, just（刚刚）, never（从未/从没有）, ever（曾经）, yet（仍然/还）, before（以前（句

尾时）

2.since+点时刻或从句; for+段时间; how long（疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的）

3.so far；till now；by now（到目前为止；迄今）

4.recently近来in the past/last+段时间在过去的几年中

5.once(一次)，twice,three(four…) times

6.It is the+最高级+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done

Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?

重点语法：反意疑问句反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成，或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。

回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用yes 回答。若事实是否定的，则必须用no 回答。重点短语：look through 浏览come along 出现；发生get along 相处at least 至少at most 至多

a thank-you note 感谢信forget → forgot → forgotten 动词forget 的原形、过去式和过去分词

l ittle → less → least 形容词little 的原级、比较级和最高级

many/much → more → most 形容词many/much 的原级、比较级和最高级

feel like doing=want to do sth.想做某事like to do sth./like doing sth.喜欢做某事

would like to do=want to do 想要做某事like sb. to do 想要某人做某事

feel like sth. 觉得像….have a hard/difficult time doing sth 费了很大劲做某事

have problem doing sth 做某事有困难have fun doing sth 乐于做某事

need to do sth. 需要做某事（主语是人，强调主动）

need doing=need to be done 需要被…（主语是物，强调被动）

a thank-you note for. 感谢信look through 浏览get along/ on well with 相处得好

at least 至少at most 最多be careful =look out 当心,小心

be careful to do/not to do sth. 小心做/不做某事cross a street =go across a street 过街（穿过表面）go through 穿过（空间/房间/森林等）go past 经过/路过come along 跟着来

say in a low/loud voice 小声地/大声地说something cost+钱= something is worth+钱某物值多少钱

a high/low temperature 高/低温the price is high/low 价格高/低

do/try one’s best to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事by noon到中午

目标句型：反意疑问句句型如下：

注意：以下本单元语法反意疑问句容易考到的几个句型：

1.It looks like rain, doesn’t it? Yes, it does./No, it doesn’t看起来要下雨了,是吗?

2.He’s really good, isn’t he? 他确实好,是吗?

3.You are new here, aren’t you? 你是新来的, 是吗?

4.You have never been to Beijing, have you? ( never表达否定含义,后面用肯定)

5.She has few friends, does she? (few表达否定含义,后面用肯定)

6.Tom had little work to do, did he? (little表达否定含义,后面用肯定)

7.You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly表达否定含义,后面用肯定)

8.Let’s go home, shall we?

9.Don’t be late again/Let us go home, will you?(祈使句用will you;但Let’s开头的用shall we)